4状语从句.doc

高中语法状语从句专辑状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，九种状语从句及常见的引导词1、【时间状语从句】when, while, as, before, after, since（自从以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一马上就), once(一旦), whenever等。特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the instant=instantly , immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when(1) while 引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态。如果while表示“然而”的时候，就不是时间状语从句；表示“虽然”的时候，是让步状语从句，这是必须放句首且不能倒装。 (2) when 除了表示“当时”（两个短暂性动作同时发生），还可以表示“就在那时（突然）”，在前一个动作刚结束时就发生的新动作。如I just locked my door when the postman arrived.(3) as 和when一样，表示两个短暂性动作同时发生，还可表示“一边一边”“随着”(4) 党表示“一就”的连接词时，可以用到no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when，但是当hardly, scarcely, no sooner放于句首时，主句必须部分倒装；主句时态用过去完成时，从句用一般过去式。如：No sooner had he sat down than the bell rang. Hardly(5) before是高考常考的连接词，表示“在做成某事前，需要多久”，常用过去时和将来时中。(6) notuntil，在强调句中，要用到It is(was) not untilthat；而not until置于句首时，需要部分倒装。 (7) since 常用的句型是：It is (has been) + 时间 since + 过去时从句。表示从过去的某时开始持续到现在的影响。如果主句用过去时，从句则一般使用过去完成时。 (8) 在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句需要用一般现在时（主将从现）。 (9) whenever引导时间状语从句，如Give us a call whenever you need our service. 虽然此处可以等于no matter when, 意义一致，但no matter when只能引导让步状语从句，意为“不管什么时候”。 (10) 时间状语从句也可用分词来表示。如Thinking of him, she couldnt help weeping. 此时thinking of him= when she thought of him.（2011四川卷）6As it reported, it is 100 years _ Tsinghua University was founded. Awhen Bbefore Cafter Dsince 【D】 2、【地点状语从句】：where和wherever。(1) where引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后，没有先行词！(有了先行词就是定语从句了，所以状语从句中的where不能和in which等互换) （2）wherever表示“无论什么地方”，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句=no matter where，引导地点状语时，它总是放主句的谓语动词后，做让步状语从句时，它总是放主句前。Where there is a will，there is a wayGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories Wherever you go, you should work hard.what I like most is that you can use English wherever you go in the world3、【原因状语从句】： because, as, for, since, now that. (1) 回答why的疑问句，只能用because回答；并且强调句中，对原因状语强调时，只能用because引导，如It was because I got up late that I was late for class.(2) as 语气比because弱 (3) since= now that，表“既然”，表明显的原因或事实，总是位于主句前。Now that具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态。(4) for引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号隔开。还可表示把结果为原因，倒果为因的用法。如：It is morning now, for the birds are singing再如： It must have rained last night ,for the ground is wet this morning（两句中for都表结果，倒果为因）(2) 所有引导原因状语的单词，都不能和so连用。（2010辽宁）29.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. Aalthough Bunless Cbecause Dif 【C】4、【目的状语从句】： so that（以便）, in order that（以便），lest, in case, for fear that, in the hopethat, for the purpose that, to the end that等。(1) in case, for fear that意为“以防万一”，引导的目的状语从句经常要使用虚拟语气；(2) so that从句常放主句后，in order that放在主句前或后都可以。(3) so that 既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。当从句谓语动词有情态动词时，为目的状语从句，如Just tell me what subject youd like me to talk on so that I could get some notes若从句谓语不用情态动词，而多用过去时，则该句是结果状语从句。如：I took an early bus so that I got there in time. We cleaned off the fallen leaves, so that the garden looked （2011山东卷）28He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good pictureAeven if Bif only Cin case Dso that 【C】5、【结果状语从句】： so that, sothat, suchthat(1) so that 做目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别，上面已经讲到了。(2) so + 形容词(副词) + that.; such + (形容词)+ 名词 +that; (3) 遇到many,much, few, little表数量的形容词时，不管后面有没有名词，前面都要用so。 注意例外：such a little boy (此处little是“小”的意思) (4) sothat或suchthat置于句首时，则要部分倒装。He got up so early that Its such a good chance that Such a cold day was that So much did they eat that6、【条件状语从句】： if, unless, if only, as(so) long as, supposing that, providing that, on condition that都可引导条件状语从句。 (1) unless意为“除非，如果不”=if not (2) if only必须用虚拟语气。 (3) as (so) long as 意为“只要”，没区别，但除非表示“与一样长”的时候，这时so long as则常用于否定句。(4) supposing that = suppose that 表假设 (5) providing that= providedthat,意为“如果，只要”。 (6) on condition that表示“以为条件”。(7) if条件句有时可以用祈使句或分词来替换，如：Think hard,and youll come up with a good idea. (8) 条件状语从句的主句是将来时的时候，从句一般使用一般现在时。（主将从现）（2010上海）39. our manage objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After 【B】7、【方式状语从句】： as, as if/though, the way。(1) as if = as though, 意为“好想，仿佛”，用法相同，从句即可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气(非真实假设)。(2) as 意为“像，犹如，正如”。(3) the way意为“的样子”，相当于“the way (that/ in which)”引导的定语从句。When in Rome, do as the Roman do Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us （2011湖南卷）33 Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever A. as if B. in case C. while D. though 【A】8、【比较状语从句】： 这个状语从句和形容词、副词的比较级关系很大，常见的关系词有：the more the more ; asas, not so/as as, than A is to B what C is to D;等引导。在这种状语从句中如果谓语动词与主句一致时，或省略，或用替代词do, does, did 表示倍数的表示法：(1) A is twice/ three times bigger/ longer.than B;(2) A is twice/ three times as big/ longas B(3) A is twice/ three times the size/ length/ height/ age of B.（2010全国）26. I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now .A. so B. very C. too D. rather 【A】9、【让步状语从句】： though, although, even if, even though, despite the fact that, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who/what/which/when/where/how, whether都可以引导让步状语从句。(1) as用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装，常倒装表语，没有表语倒装状语，没有状语，倒装部分谓语。如果表语是名词，倒装时不能加任何冠词，如Teacher as he is, he cant instruct his own child 再如：(2) while= although，从句只能用在句首，而且不能倒装。(3) even if = even though，意为“即使”。如：The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. (4) although引导的让步状语从句常放句首，不能倒装。(5) though 引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可以不倒装，句前句后都可以。(6) despite the fact that= in spite of the fact that意为“不管”。(7) whetheror not意为“无论（是否）”，如：Whether you believe (8) however+形容词/副词 = no matter how+形容词/ 副词.意为“无论多么”，如：No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.(9) whever等一系列连词，都可以等于no matter wh-，但是whever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句，绝不能引导名词性从句。如：No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever再如：（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now. (Whatever you say是主语从句) （10）让步状语从句都不能和but连用，但有时可与yet连用。（2011天津卷）5. regular exercise is very importantIts never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime AIt BAs CAlthough DUnless 【C】【状语从句高考真题练习】1. （2011江西卷）29Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you Awhenever Bhowever Cwhichever Dwherever2. （2011全国新课标卷）22Try she might, Sue couldnt get the door openAif Bwhen Csince Das3.（10安徽）29. The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if4. . Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _it becomes availableA. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until5.（10江西）22 Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matter_ you enjoyed yourselves.A. as long as B. unless C. as soon as D. though6.（10全国）25. Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal .A. so that B. although C. while D. as if7. The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.A. or B. unless C. but D. whether8.（10辽宁）29.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.Aalthough Bunless Cbecause Dif9.（10辽宁）34.Its no use having ideas only . Dont worry. Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act. A. how B. who C. what D. where 10. they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A. As B. While C. Until D. Once11.（2011天津卷） regular exercise is very importantIts never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtimeAIt BAs CAlthough DUnless12.（2011江西卷）29Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to youAwhenever Bhowever Cwhichever Dwherever13.（2011北京卷） volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketballASince BOnce CUnless DWhile 14.（2011四川卷）As it reported, it is 100 years _ Tsinghua University was foundedAwhen Bbefore Cafter Dsince15.（2011全国II）It was a nice meal,_ a little expensiveAthough Bwhether Cas Dsince16.（2011陕西卷）_all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post ASince BWhile CIf DAs17.（2011辽宁卷）29He had no sooner finished his speech the students started cheeringA. since B. as C. when D. than18.（2011全国新课标卷）22Try she might, Sue couldnt get the door openA. if B. when C. since D. as19.（2011湖南卷）33 Jack wasnt saying anything but the teacher smiled at him _ _ he had done something very cleverAas if Bin case Cwhile Dthough20.（2011山东卷）28He had his camera ready _he saw something that would make a good pictureAeven if Bif only Cin case Dso that状 语 从 句 状语从句考点用法归纳考点一、时间状语从句 When 引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，常用于以下句式 be about to do when be doing .when be on the point of doingwhen had just done when. 1.Jack was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _on the leg by a lion.(bite)杰克和家人正在野生动物园度假，就在那时他突然被咬。 before 常用句型 It was +一段时间+before (过多久才)+ 从句(时态是过去时)It wasnt +一段时间+before(没过多久就)+ 从句(时态是过去时) It will be一段时间+before(要过多久才) +从句(时态是现在时) It wont be一段时间+before(不要过多久就/要不了多久/不久) +从句(时态是现在时)before与情态动词搭配 -不等就 / 还没来得及就2.Jack was so worried about the drowning dog that he dived into the lake _.(stop ) 杰克如此担心那条快要淹死的狗在还没有等有人来得及拦住他，他潜入湖中。3._before China sends a manned spaceship to the Mars ?(think) 你认为还有多久中国发射人造飞船进火星?4._China resolves the problems that people most care about (it)不久以后中国解决人们最关心的问题。5._what had happened ,he forced me into the car (figure)还没有等我弄清楚发生什么，他就强迫我进车。6.-Its a long time since I last saw you.-Yes .It will be another week _again.(meet ) 一周后，我们才能见面。7_ _they meet each other again.(before) 三年后他们彼此才能再见面-8.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months ;_ before we meet them again.(it) 这项研究需要花去Joan和Paul 大概五个月的时间。要很长一段时间之后我们才能见面。9._you regret what you have done. (it) 不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到后悔的。10._,her bag was snatched by a man behind her .(respond)还没有等她反应过来，她的包就被后面的人抢走。11.It will be many years _our daily life.(apply)还要过几年，这项发明才能被用于我们日常生活中当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序.。 12.Not until she stopped crying _. 直到她不哭了，我才离开的。13. _at the party that everyone took a deep breath.(turn)直到他出现在晚会上，每个人才松了口气。 since常用句型I t is /has been +一段时间+since +终止性动词(某人做某事已多久)It is /has been +一段时间+since +延续性动词(某人没某事已多久)14Tom is now working on the farm. _ he was a college student.（it） 汤姆现在农场上班，他大学毕业已有两年了。15.It is years _.(enjoy).我有好几年都没这么开心地玩了.as soon as可译为;一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的一就还可以用on/upon doing/n. 结构来表示。15.On _he called up Lester. = As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.(arrive) 他一到家就给莱斯特打电话。一就还可以用immediately/ instantly/directly/presently. 16. We came _.(directly) 我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。the moment, the minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示一就。时间名词+从句作状语every time；each time；next time；last time；any time；the first time；all the time等，以及the day；the week；the year；the morning等，均可连接从句作状语。17.She burst crying _(instant) 她一进来，突然大哭起来。18._the island ,we were deeply impressed by its breath-taking scenery.(set)我们第一次踏上这个岛屿，就被她美丽的景色吸引了。19._， remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.(feel)每次当你想抽烟的时候，要提醒自己你是不抽烟的.20.The _that she didnt pass the exam,Kate burst into tears.(hear)一听到她没及格的消息，凯特就哭了。hardly /scarcelywhen, no soonerthan这两个短语都表示刚就，可以互换，主句通常用去完成时。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。21.No sooner _the dark figure in the shadow than he felt frightened.(sight)他一看到黑暗中的黑影，他感到害怕。22.It really disappointed us that no sooner had the concern begun _.(go)音乐会刚开始，灯就熄灭了，这真让人失望。23.It was an exhausting day for him. Hardly _the bed when he fell asleep.(slide)这是他筋疲力尽的一天。刚上床，他就睡着了。24.No sooner had they arrived at the airport_(it/check)他们一到机场，办理登记的手续就开始了。by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句,意为到 时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。25.By the time we take the 2012 College Entrance Exam,we _more than 3,500 words.(master)到我们参加2012年高考时，我们将会掌握3500多个单词。 考点二地点状语从句状语从句通常由where (在的地方), wherever(无论什么地方), everywhere(每个地方), anywhere(任何地方)。注意与定语从句和宾语从句的区别26.Today ,we will begin _so that no point be left out.(stop)今天，我们将会从昨天停下的地方开始，这样要点不会遗漏。27.In the families with kids ,parents usually put medicine _(reach)在有孩子的家庭中，父母常把药放在孩子无法够到的地方。28.After the war ,a new school building was put up _(be)战争之后，新学校被建在曾经是一家剧院的地方。29.The media today can draw the public attention to _(need)媒体今天能把公众的注意力带到真正需要帮助的地方。30 A modern city has been set up in _（wasteland） 一座现代化的城市被建在十年前仍然是一堆废墟的地方。31.He is going to take up the story _(leave) 他接着讲故事在他昨天停下的地方。32.Put the book back _after you have read it (belong) 在你看完书之后，请把书放回原处。33. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _and wait for her mother.（be）迷路的小女孩决定呆着原地等她的妈妈。考点三，原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as, because, since, now (that), considering that, seeing that.而 considering that, seeing that这两个词和since, now that意思相近，都有鉴于/考虑到的意思。 在强调结构It is/wasthat34_that Im prepared to help him .(it)正是因为他帮助过你，所以我乐意去帮助他。35. _,whats left of us is this song.(now)(go)既然她已离去，留给我们只是这首歌。 考点四，目的状语从句目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有so that, in order that有时可省so 或 that，即单独用 so 或 that 来引导目的状语从句。从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。in case, lest, for fear that这几个短语都表示;万一/惟恐,含有否定的意义。36.Better take more clothes _（case） 最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。37.Take an umbrella_(case). 以防下雨，带把伞。考点五，结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so (that), sothat, suchthat等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。sothat 如此以致。其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：(1) so + 形容词/副词 + that-从句(2) so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that-从句(3) so + many/few +复数名词+ that-从句(4) so + much/little +不可数名词 + that-从句(5).在so + 形容词/副词 + that-从句;结构中，如将so + 形容词/副词位于句首，主谓语要倒装。such thatsuchthat 如此以致。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构(1) such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that-从句(2) such + 形容词 +复数名词+ that-从句(3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词+ that-从句Such +a/an+形容词+单数名;结构可以和so +形容词+a/an+单数名词结构互换。He told us such a funny story that we all laughed. He told us so funny a story that we all laughed. 他给我们讲了一个如此有趣的故事，大家都笑。The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed. 他给我们讲的故事是如此有趣，大家都笑了。 比较：such that 引导的是结果状语从句。such as 引导的是定语从句38.Luckily such earthquakes _dont happen very often.(cause/damage) 很幸运，这种破坏性很大的地震并不经常发生。（关系代词as在定语从句中作成分）39. So fast _that we can hardly imagine its speed.(travel)光传播如此快，以致如我们难以想象它的速度。40.You have done so much _pass the exam.(bound)你下了这么大的功夫，一定能考及格。41.The room near the supermarket was _that I couldnt concentrate on my reading.(noisy)超市附近的房间非常喧闹，我不能集中注意力看书。42.Einstein liked Boses paper so much _his own work and translated it into German.(set)爱因斯坦非常喜欢博斯的论文，以至于他把自己的工作放在一边，着手把这篇论文翻译成德语43.So little _the boy that she decided to keep away from him.(know)她对那个男孩了解太少以致于决定和他保持一段距离。44.So _only a few people managed to escape from the building.(occur)地震发生得如此突然，以致于只有几个人从这座大楼里逃出来。45._it to learn English that I am determined to learn it well.(find)我发现学英语如此有趣，以致于我决心学好它。46_Steve Jobs that he will be remembered forever by all the fans of iPhone and by people all over the world.(such) 史蒂夫.乔布斯是一个如此有才的人，以致所有的苹果迷，以及全世界的人都会永远记得他.47.The squirrel was so lucky _(miss) 那只松鼠没被抓住，它真走运。考点六，条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的有if, unless, so/as long as, as/so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing