高三英语大一轮复习讲义 教师用书 Book 5 Unit 1 Great scientists 新人教版.doc

2014届高三英语人教版大一轮复习讲义教师用书 book 5 unit 1 great scientists.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)1conclude vt.& vi.推断出；结束draw/come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出结论2attend v出席，参加；照顾attend to处理；照顾；专心于3expose vt.暴露expose.to暴露；使显露4cure vt. & n治愈cure sb.of sth.治愈某人5absorb v吸收；使专心be absorbed_in 专心于6blame vt. & n责备be to_blame应受责备7link.to.将和联系或连接起来connect.with.把和联系或连接起来be linked_to.和有关8announce vt.宣布；通告make an_announcement 宣布9contribute vt. & vi.捐献；贡献contribute to为做贡献；有助于make contributions_to 为做贡献10(be) strict_with.对严格的be hard_on 对苛刻11make_sense讲得通；有意义make sense of 弄懂12reject vt.拒绝；抛弃refuse v拒绝deny v婉言谢绝13construction n建设under_construction正在建设中.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)1scientific adj.科学的science n科学scientist n科学家2challenge n& vt.挑战challenging adj.困难的；挑战性的3construct vt.建设；修建construction n建设4enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiasm n热情5cautious adj.谨慎的caution n谨慎6universe n宇宙universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)1at the meeting, he put_forward(提出) a proposal that children be exposed_to(暴露) challenges(挑战) but his proposal was rejected(反对) by the family.2the outbreak(爆发) of the deadly(致命的) disease urged a cure(疗法) be found，which was a challenge(挑战) but the experts(专家) and physicians(医生) were determined to defeat(打败) it.3after some research, the police drew_a_conclusion(得出结论) that the factory was to_blame(应负责) for the pollution(污染)4it makes_good_sense(合情合理的) for parents to be strict_with(对严格要求) their kids but severe(严重的) punishment is not suggested.5it has been announced(宣布) that apart_from(除之外) tom, two others are also suspected(怀疑) of the theft.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)from the scientific analysis，the experts who attend the meeting conclude that it is really a challenge to cure these infected patients.they announce they will be positive and enthusiastic about making contributions to it.课文原句背诵1neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不明白它的起因，也不知道它的治疗方式。2so many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.每一次(霍乱)爆发，都有很多人在恐惧中死去。3it seemed that the water was_to_blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。.单项填空1only after mary read her composition the second time_the spelling mistake.(2012天津，6)adid she notice bshe noticedcdoes she notice dshe has noticed答案a解析句意为：只有到玛丽再次读她的作文之后她才注意到这个拼写错误。“only状语从句”位于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。after引导的是时间状语从句，接在only之后，位于句首，所以主句要用倒装，可排除b、d两项。而且根据语境知read和notice都是过去发生的动作，所以答案为a项。(教材原句：only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.)2after completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope _.(2012山东，35)aproviding bprovidedchaving provided dprovide答案b解析句意为：填完并签字后，把表格装在提供的信封里给我们带回来。envelope与provide之间存在被动关系，选项中只有b项为过去分词表被动，故为正确答案。(考查单元语法)3_ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional fujian dishes.(2011福建，22)afar from bapart fromcinstead of dregardless of答案b解析句意为：除了良好的服务以外，这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统福建美食。far from离远，远非；apart from除之外(还)；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管。由句意可知b项正确。(教材原句：apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.)4planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year. (2011新课标全国，23)amade bis makingcmakes dhas made答案c解析句意为：这么早就作计划是没有意义的到了明年，有许多情况会发生变化。此处说明现在的事实，故用一般现在时。部分考生由于受so far的影响会误选d，其实这儿的so far不是表示“到目前为止”的那个短语so far，此处so是用来修饰短语far ahead的，far ahead很早，so far ahead如此早。b项is making为现在进行时，不合题意，可排除；根据时态一致原则，a项made也可排除。(教材原句：only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.)5the island，_ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.(2011大纲全国，15)ajoining bto joincjoined dhaving joined答案c解析句意为：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连，很容易到达。join与the island之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。(考查单元语法).完形、阅读英译汉1i tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on tv.(2012湖北完形)我往往接受电视上的专家所提出的想法。2as i grew older and was exposed to more, my interests in the world of dance certainly varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a dancer in the company never left me.(2012北京完形)随着年龄的增长和与外界接触的越来越多，我对舞蹈的兴趣当然有所变化，但是那个小女孩要当舞蹈家的梦想从没离开过我。3some of these adults simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented. (2011广东完形)有些大人就得出结论说应为那些有天赋的人设立特殊班。4drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested. (2011福建阅读a)那些导致交通事故或者违反现行的交通法或被怀疑酒后驾驶的司机都要经过酒精测试。.书面表达汉译英1他突然想到第二天早晨他有个会议要参加。(attend) (2011湖北完成句子)it (suddenly) occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.2实话实说，这件事怪苏，但是李也应受指责。(be to blame) (2011湖北短文写作)to be honest, it was sus fault but li was also to blame.历年高考热点：apart from，make sense，put forward，expert，expose，conclude，suspect，attend，blame等的用法。2014考点预测：attend，defeat，contribute，absorb，blame，conclude，apart from，make sense，put forward等的用法。1双语释义 v出席，参加(be present)；处理，对付(deal with)；照料，护理(take care of)学情诊断(1)用attend，join，join in，take part in的适当形式填空he joined the army three years ago.all children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school.a lot of students took_part_in the protest in 1949.would you like to join_in_ the basketball game?a nurse attended to his needs constantly.(2)i always have so many things to_when i come back to the company after a trip abroad.aadd to bcontribute tocattend to dappeal to答案c解析句意为：每当我出国回到公司时，我总有很多事情要处理。attend to处理，符合句意。add to增加；contribute to起作用，导致；appeal to恳求，请求；吸引，均不合题意。归纳拓展attend a lecture/a meeting/a conference/school/class听讲座/出席会议/上学/上课attend to处理；照顾attend on/upon sb.伺候/照顾某人attendance n.出席，参加；上学；到场attendant n.服务员，侍者，侍从，随从；护理者易混辨析attend，join，take part in，join in这些动词或词组均含“参加，加入”之意。attend侧重参加或出席会议或学术活动等。join普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏活动等。take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。join in 后接活动，强调与他人一起参与某一活动。2双语释义 v击败；战胜(beat)；使困惑；难住(puzzle)；使失败；阻挠；挫败(stop.from success)；n.失败；战败(failure)；挫败；击败；战胜(winning)学情诊断(1)用defeat的适当形式填空the army was well trained and well armed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.the worldfamous tennis player was_defeated in an important match yesterday，which disappointed most of his fans.the government has suffered a serious defeat.(2)he succeeded in his efforts to_his fatal weakness.awin bbeatcdefeat dovercome答案d解析句意为：经过努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。overcome战胜，压倒，克服，符合句意。归纳拓展serious defeat严重受挫admit defeat承认失败defeat sb.by.以击败对手易混辨析defeat，beat，windefeat 接sb.作宾语，既可指比赛，也可指在战场上战胜对手，还可指(希望、计划等)受挫或失败。beat接sb.作宾语，侧重于在比赛中击败对手，还有连续敲打、(心脏)跳动之意。win 的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类的词。活学活用用defeat，beat，win的适当形式填空(1)i can beat/defeat you at swimming.(2)listen! the rain is beating against the window.(3)to our surprise，he was badly defeated in the election.(4)who do you think will win the beauty contest?3双语释义 v捐献；捐助(give money or goods to.)；是的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.)；投稿(write for)学情诊断(1)同义词语替换various factors contributed_to his downfall(倒台)led_to/resulted_in(2)eating too much fat can _ heart diseases and cause high blood pressure.aresult from bcontribute tocattend to dappeal to答案b解析句意为：吃太多脂肪会导致心脏病和引起高血压。contribute to对起促成作用，导致，符合句意。归纳拓展contribute.to.把贡献给contribute to有助于；导致；把时间投入contribution n.贡献；捐款make a contribution/contributions to对作出贡献图解助记写作句组满分作文之佳句背诵anow i am writing to contribute my topic to you. (2009重庆)bchinese use the most plastic bags, which makes a great contribution to the “white pollution”cas for forest resources protection, i can also make my own contributions.di prefer to regard lei feng as my idol on account that he contributed so much to the whole country.4双语释义 v吸收(液体、气体等)(take in)；使并入，吞并；吸引(attract)；使专心(interest sb.)学情诊断(1)写出下列句子中absorb的汉语意思absorbed in his work, he simply forgot food and sleep.专心于the surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.吞并black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.吸收(2)so_was he in his work that he didnt notice that it was raining hard.ataken bdevotedcabsorbed dinteresting答案c解析句意为：他是如此专心于工作，以致于没注意到下大雨。此处用了倒装。be absorbed in专心于，符合句意。be taken in 受骗，被接纳；be devoted to致力于；be interested in对感兴趣。归纳拓展absorb ones attention吸引某人的注意力absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的be absorbed in 专心于；全神贯注于；热衷于be absorbed by/into被吞并；为所吸收思考你知道的表示“全神贯注；专心于”的短语还有哪些？be buried in, be lost in, fix ones attention on，concentrate ones mind on等。5双语释义 v把归咎于，责怪，指责(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.责任(responsibility)，责备，指责学情诊断(1)一句多译他因为这起事故受到他们的责备。they_blamed_him_for_the_accident.they_blamed_the_accident_on_him.he_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.(2)i feel it is your husband who_for the spoiled child.ais to blame bis going to blamecis to be blamed dshould blame答案a解析句意为：我认为应该是你的丈夫为这个宠坏的孩子负责。be to blame for.应该为负责。归纳拓展blame sb.for (doing)sth.为(做)某事责备某人blame sth.on sb.将某事归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.)应为承担责任；该为受责备get the blame受到责难take the blame for 对承担责任lay/put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人易错提示be to blame (for)短语中用主动形式表示被动含义，不用被动语态。6双语释义 v断定，推断出(decide)；得出结论；(使)结束，终止(end)学情诊断(1)用conclude的适当形式填空we can conclude that he is confident of his future.we drew different conclusions from the facts.in conclusion，i would like to say how much i have enjoyed myself.(2)ann seems to be upset.whats up?she_from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.aincludes bconcludescsuggests dcontains答案b解析句意为：ann看起来有些不高兴，出了什么事？根据电话中的声音断定她母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。conclude断定，推断，符合句意。include包括；suggest建议，表明；contain包括。归纳拓展conclude sth.(from sth.)推断出，断定conclude (from sth.) that. 推断出，断定conclude sth.with sth./by doing sth. 以(做)某事结束某事conclusion n.结束；结论,in conclusion最后；总之arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论7双语释义 除之外(aside from，besides)学情诊断(1)同义词语替换this essay is good apart_from a couple of spelling mistakes.except_forapart_from going to french evening classes twice a week，she does yoga on wednesdays.besides/in_addition_towere open every day apart_from monday.except(2)everything was perfect for the picnic_the weather.ain place of bas well ascexcept for din case of答案c解析except for为肯定整体、除去瘕疵，后跟名词。句意为：除了天气之外，一切都适合野餐。归纳拓展表示“除之外”的短语：apart from/aside from除之外，根据上下文的不同，可以分别相当于besides，except或except for。besidesin addition to除之外(还，也)，常与also，more，other等连用。except除外(都)，常与all，every，no，none，nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。except for除以外，其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的，是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。8双语释义 讲得通；有意义(have a meaning)学情诊断(1)完成句子can you make_any_sense_of_this_article (理解这篇文章的意思)?in_a_sense (从某种意义上讲) this may be true.(2)单项填空dogs have a very good_of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.asense bviewcmeans didea答案a解析a sense of smell嗅觉。句意为：狗嗅觉灵敏，经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。no matter how i tried to read it，the sentence didnt _to me.aunderstand bmake outcturn out dmake sense答案d解析句意为：不管我怎么努力读它，我就是不明白这个句子。make sense讲得通。归纳拓展make sense of理解；弄懂in a sense从某种意义上in no sense决不there is no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没有意义9双语释义 提议，提出(suggest)；拿出；推荐(recommend)；将提前学情诊断(1)写出下列句子中put forward的汉语意思the woman put forward a red silk as well as a blue one for our inspection.把拿出来给人看the trade union congress put forward a plan for national recovery.提出ive put you forward as the best man for the job.推举，推荐the hitech has put forward our production this year.使加快，促进my watch was slow，so i put it forward three minutes.拨快weve put forward the date of our wedding by one month.把提前(2)these foreigners have _ a proposal for a joint venture.aput in bput upcput down dput forward答案d归纳拓展put aside节省；储蓄；储存put away放好；积蓄put back放回；拨回put down记下；镇压put off延期；推迟1. he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。学情诊断(1)用with复合结构完成句子with_the_windows_open,_he fell asleep.窗户开着，他睡着了。with_jack_waiting_for_me at the school gate, i hurried downstairs.jack 在校门口等我， 我匆忙下楼了。with_his_homework_done，he went out to play football.他的作业做完了，他出去踢足球了。(2)with much work_， he was like a cat on hot bricks.adone bto docdoing ddo答案b解析不定式表将来，句子主语he发出做工作这一动作，用to do表to be done。归纳拓展“with宾语宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语由形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等充当。2学情诊断根据句意补全句子(1)the united states is a country which has developed.the united states is a developed country.(2)he told us of the great wrong which had been done to him.he told us of the great wrong done to him.(3)the children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo.(4)everybody was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star.(5)there are four used (use) stamps.根据英文释义写出下列单词1victim：someone who suffers when something bad happens2defeat：to win a victory over someone3pump：a machine for raising water4blame：to say or think that someone or sth.is responsible for sth.bad5link：a connection between two or more people or things.语境填词1she has two nurses attending on her.2i want to challenge him to a game of basketball.3jim was rejected by every college he applied to.4no one knows who is to_blame for the fire.5when i entered，i found my father sitting in the sofa and absorbed in a magazine.词义猜测或句意理解题用本单元词汇或句式替换划线部分1the police thought he might have stolen the car.suspected2he was so lost in the book that he didnt see me come in.absorbed3who should_be_responsible for this accident？is_to_blame4he was infected because he was in_the_area_of this disease.exposed_to5what he said at the meeting was_difficult_for_me_to_understand.made_no_sense_to_me.微写作(21)写作素材1西蒙因为接触了致命的病毒而患了重病。2专家和医生通过各种尝试给他治疗。3医生宣布病毒被打败了。4但是在完全康复之前他还需要护理一段时间。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)simon was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus.after all the attempts to cure him, the experts and doctors announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending before he was fully recovered.微语法(21)with复合结构及独立主格结构(课外拓展一个单元突破一个语法点)1on the bank of the river，we found him_on a bench，with his eyes_on a kite in the sky.aseated；fixing bsitting；fixingcseated；being fixed dsitting；fixed答案d解析考查非谓语动词。第一空用seated或sitting作宾补；第二空处是with复合结构，由fix ones eyes on sth.可知应用过去分词fixed。2with their reputation_in the milk powder incident，the food companies need_their image.aruining；improvingbruined；to improvecto ruin；to be improveddto be ruined；being improved答案b解析句意为：随着声誉在奶粉事件中被毁，那些食品公司需要改善他们的形象。reputation与ruin是被动关系，故第一空用过去分词作补语；“需要做某事”用need to do sth.。正确答案为b。3with the couple _ in a nearby town，the house seems pretty empty most of the time.awork bto workcworking dworked答案c解析考查with复合结构。work 和其逻辑主语the couple是主谓关系，表示现在的状况，所以用现在分词表主动。句意为：这对夫妻在附近镇上上班，(他们的)房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的。4