2005年高考英语第一轮总复习讲座之三.docx

2005年高考英语第一轮总复习讲座之三（SB-Units 5-6）一、单元考点提示 1、单词 A break,bring/take/fetch/carry,each/every,everyone,explain,in/after,keep,make B agree,have on/wear/put on/dress/in,Lets, mean,other/another/the other,result, supply 2、短语 A in fact,a few of ,in order to/in order that, at all,make sure B take a +noun, a great many, at least, all over 3、句型结构 1.explain sth.to sb. 2.stop sb./sth.from doing sth. 3.so that 引导的从句 4与how有关的句型: How long ? How far？ How often？ How soon？ 4、日常交际用语 1.以why 打头的特殊疑问句就行为目的进行提问,用不定式来回答： 1)Why do you sow cabbages? To feed my family. 2)Why dont you put the box in the sun? To stop the sun from burning the little plants. 3)Why do you apply fertillizer to the plants? To make them grow big and strong. 2.口语中也可使用so that 引导的目的状语从句进行简略回答： Why do you water them? So that the soil wont get too dry. A二、考点精析与拓展 I.单词和词组 1.feed vt. 喂养；以为。常用结构： feedwith/on sth . feed sth . to She feeds her baby with /on cows milk./she feeds cows milk to her baby.她用牛奶喂孩子。 I feed my cat with/on fish./I feed fish to my cat .我用鱼喂猫。 另外：feed (vi.)on 相当于live on , 意为“以为主食”。 Sheep feed mainly on grass.羊以草为主食。 2.the rest 其余的人或物。可替代可数名词复数或不可数名词。作主语时，谓语动词数的形式应由替代的名词形式决定。 These three books are mine.The rest are his .这三本书是我的，其余的是他的。 Just give me a glass of the beer ; the rest is yours.给我一杯啤酒就行，其余的归你。 3.bring/take/fetch(get)/carry bring向着说话人的地方“带来；拿来”。 take由说话人的地方“带走；拿去”。 fetch(get)由说话人的地方“去拿来、带来”，指往返双程。 carry“携带；搬运；运送”，无方向性。 4. free adj. (1)空闲的；有空的。 Are you free tomorrow?明天你有空吗？ （2）免费的；无偿的。 Do you enjoy free medical care ?你享受免费医疗吗？ Why are you so happy?你怎么那么高兴？ Because I got two free ticket. 我免费弄到两张票。 (3)自由的。 The birds in the cage wish to be free.笼中之鸟盼望自由。 You are free to say anything you want to at the meeting .会上你可以畅所欲言。 5.how long/how soon/how far/how often -(1)how long 多久。表示一段时间，句中的动词应是延续性的。是对for 或since等所表示的时间状语的提问。 How long have you lived here ?你在这里住多久了？ For three years.3年了。 Since 1997.从1997年至今。 Since I graduated from college.从大学毕业至今。 (2)how soon (将来)多久；（过）多久（以后）。是对in 所表示的时间状语的提问。 How soon can you finish the work?多久你能完成这工作？ In three hours. 3小时后。 （3）how far 多远。用来提问距离。 How far is your hometown from here?你家乡离这里多远？ Twenty kilometres.20公里。 (4)how often(每隔)多久；多经常。用来提问频度。 How often do you usually go home?你多久回家一次？ Twice a month. 一个月两次。 6.take/have a look at 看一下。该动词短语比look at 更侧着于一次性动作，即“看一眼”。 Can I take/have a look at your new watch?我看一看你新买的手表好吗？ 类似的短语还有：take /have a rest /an exam/a bath等。 7.put on /pull on/wear/have on /dress/in (1)put on 和pull on 穿上；戴上。相当于及物动词，以衣物作宾语，着重于穿、戴的动作。put on 为普通用语；pull on多用于穿袜子、戴手套或比较随便地穿上。 Its cold outside.Youd better put on your hat.外面很冷，你最好戴上帽子。 She put /pulled on her coat and went out of the room hurriedly.她穿上大衣，匆忙地走了。 (2)wear 和have on 穿着；戴着。相当于及物动词，有衣物作宾语，着重于穿、戴的状态。have on不用于进行时态。 He always wears/has on black shoes.她一直穿着黑鞋。 She is wearing/has on a red coat她穿着红大衣。 (3)dress 穿；戴。可用作及物动词，以人作宾语，即dress sb.（给某人穿衣）；也可用作不及物动词。既可强调动作，又可表示状态，表示状态时常用be dressed in 结构。此外dress还可用作名词。 Mary is dressing her daughter.玛丽正给她女儿穿衣服。 She usually dresses well.她总是穿得很好。 He is dressed in a black jacket.他穿着黑上衣。 (4)in 穿着；戴着。是介词，以衣物或表示颜色的名词作宾语，表示状态。构成的介词短词可作表语或定语。 My brother is in a blue jacket.我弟弟穿着蓝上衣。 The boy in a blue jacket is my brother.穿蓝上衣的孩子是我弟弟。 My brother is in blue.我弟弟穿着蓝衣服。 8.do walking 步行。“do + 动名词”结构表示“干某事，有较灵活的译法。 do reading(读书)/washing(洗衣服)/cooking(做饭)/shopping (买东西)/cleaning(打扫除)等。 9.news:information新闻；消息。为不可数名词，如果表示“几条消息”，应用piece。 The news is true.这条消息是真的。 a piece of news 一条新闻；一则消息。two pieces of news 两条新闻；两则消息。several pieces of news几条新闻；几则消息。 10.agree 同意。常用桔构： (1)agree on 对取得一致意见或达成协议。主语必须是两者以上。也常用被动语态，表示“（某事）是大家都同意的”。 They agreed on the date for the next meeting.对下次会议的日期他们达成了一致意见。 At last,the plan was agreed on. 最后，这项计划通过了。 (2)agree to 同意；赞成。to 为介词，后接表示“建议；办法；计划”等名词。 Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的计划吗？ The headmaster has agreed to our suggestion for the holiday.校长同意了我们度假的建议。 (3)agree with同意；赞成。后接sb. 或what 从句。 I agree with you ,but I dont agree with what he said.我同意你的意见，但我不同意他所说的。另外，agree with还有“与相适应/相一致”的意思。 The climate here doesnt agree with me .我不适应这里的气候。 (4)agree to do sth.同意、答应做某事。 Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money? 如果我们答应借钱给你，你同意和我们一起去吗？ 11.at (the) least 至少；最少。反义词组为at (the)most至多；最多。 Mr Smith looks older than his real age.In fact,he is at (the)most 40 years old.史密斯先生很显老，实际上他最多40岁。 Oh, really?I thought he was 50 years old at (the)least.噢，真的吗？我以为他至少50岁了。 12.Supply vt.供应；提供给。常用结构： supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb.两种结构常常可以转换。 The factory supplies us with some parts of the car. The factory supplies some parts of the car to us.这家工厂为我们提供一些汽车零部件。 The peasants supply vegetables to the city. The peasants supply the city with vegetables.农民们为城市提供疏菜。 13. Plenty of 许多；大量。既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。 There is plenty of rain here in china.在中国这个地方雨量充足。 Plenty of trees have been planted along the road.路旁种了很多树。 表示“许多；大量”之意，用来修饰名词的词和词组可以分为三类: many many a a great/good many(of) +可数名词 (1) scores of agreat/good/large number of numbers of much a great/good deal of (2) a large/great amount of +不可数名词 large/great amounts of a lot of lots of (3) plenty of +可数或不可数名词 a large/great quantity of large/great quantities of 14.begin()with从开始（） Knowledge begins with practice.知识来自实践。 Lets begin(this unit) with the words and expressions.咱们从单词和短语开始学（这个单元）。 15.其他： （1）coverwith（be covered with）用覆盖。 (2)by oneself独立地（做某事）。 （3）in fact 事实上。 (4)carry away带走；wash away冲走。 (5)cut down 砍倒；砍掉。 (6)knock down撞倒；打倒。 (7)break thd rule/law违反规定/法律；obey/keep/follow the rule/law遵守规定/法律。 (8)in the past (在)过去。 (9)grow up 成长；长大。 (10)go (out) for a drive/walk/picnic etc.驾车出游/去散步/去野餐等。 (11)on Monday/Sunday etc.在星期一/星期天等。 (12)grow to/increase to 增长到；增加到。 (13)all over China/the world全中国/全世界。 (14)far away 遥远。 (15)set up建立；成立。 II句型 1.so that 以便于；目的是为了。相当于in order that,引导目的状语从句。从句中常带有may/might;can/could;will/would/should等情态动词 He got up early so that he might catch the first bus.他早起为的是赶上第一班车。 I put on my glasses so that I could see more clearly.我戴上眼镜为的是看得清楚点。 He spoke loud so that everyone could hear him.他大声说是为了让大家都能听到。 以上各句中的so that均可用in order that代替。 当so that从句的主语与主句主语一致时，常可简化为in order to或so as to 结构。 上面的句可转换为： He got up early in order to catch the first bus. I put on my glasses in order to see more clearly. 上面的句不可简化。但： He spoke loud so that he could be heard by everyone.可转换为：He spoke loud in order to be heard by everyone. 注意：in order that/in order to 表示目的时，可置于句首；so that/so as to 表示目的时不能置于句首。 2.stopfrom doing sth.阻止做某事。stop也可换为prevent 或keep. Nothing can stop/prevent/keep us from doing that. 没有什么能阻止我们那样做 This is the best way to stop/prevent/keep such a thing from happening again.防止这样的事再次发生这是最好的办法。 当该句型用到动词stop或prevent时，后面的from可以省略。 I tried to stop/prevent him(from)smoking, but I failed.我试图劝他戒烟，但没成功。 但当用到动词keep时，from不能省略。因为省略后得到的是另一句型keepdoing sth.意为“使不断地做某事”。 Im sorry Ive kept you waiting for so long .很抱歉让你久等了。 3.makedo sth.使做某事。做补语的不定式不带to,但在被动语态中则带to,即:be made to do sth. The landlord made him work 12 hours a day.地主让他一天干12个小时的活。 被动式：He was made to work 12 hours a day(by the landlord). 与make意义相近的词还有let/have/get,但get的使用结构为:getto do sth. How can we get the trees to grow quicker?我们怎么能让树长快点呢？ 4. How long have you had it?你买了多久了？ 瞬时动词come/go/leave/start/arrive/buy/die/join/borrow/marry等不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如how long, for 和 since所表示的时间。 他去世三年了。 不能说：He has died for 3 years. 而应说：He has been dead for 3 years/He died 3 years ago。It is 3 years since he died. 他参军多久了？ 不能说：How long has he joined the army? 而应说：How long has he been in the army?/How long has he been a soldier?/How long is it since he joined the army? 5.Not all the parts of the car will be made in the factory.并非所有的汽车零件都在这个工厂里制造。 not 与总括词（即表示全部意义的词）连用，表示部分否定。not 有两个位置，可放在总括词前，也可用来否定谓语。不管总括词在句中作主语，还是作宾语、状语，都表示部分否定。 常见的总括词有：both/all/every/everyone/everybody/everything /everywhere. Not all of them go in for sports.他们并不都喜欢运动。 相当于：All of them dont go in for sports. 或：Some of them go in for sports,but others dont. I dont like both of the novels.这两部小说我并不都喜欢。 相当于:I like only of the novels. You cant get this kind of vegetables everywhere.这种疏菜你并不是在哪里都能买到。 相当于：You can only get this kind of vegetables somewhere. 如果表示全部否定则应用：neither(两者)/none(多者)/no one/nobody/nothing/nowhere. None of them go /goes in for sports.他们都不喜欢运动。 I like neither of the novels.这两部小说我都不喜欢。 You can get this kind of vegetables nowhere.在哪里你也买不到这种疏菜。 6spend vt.花费；用。其主语为“人”，宾语为“金钱”或“时间”；后面可搭配介词“on + 名词/代词”，或“in(可以省略) + 动名词”。 使用句式为：sb. + money/time + on sth./(in)doing sth. They spent 2000 yuan on the TV set./They spent 2000 yuan(in)buying the TV set.他们花了2000元这台买电视机。 The writer spent 2 years(in) writing the novel./on the novel.这位作家花了两年时间写这部小说。 另外：“花钱”还常用以下两个句式：sb.+ pay money + for sth./sth.+cost sb.+money They paid 2000 yuan for the TV set. The TV set cost them 2000 yuan. “花时间”还常用It takes sb. some time to do sth. 句式。 It took the writer 2 years to write the novel. 7.asas possible:asas one can尽可能地. Ill come back as soon as possible.我尽可能地 Get up as early as possible tomorrow morning. 明天早晨尽量早起。 三、经典名题导解 1.If city noises_ from increasing, people_shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now .(92年高考题) A. are not kept, will have to B. are not kept,have to C. do not keep, will have to D. dont not keep, have to 答案：A 命题目的：考查时态和语态。 解题思路：本题题意为：“如果不阻止城市噪音的话，从现在起20年后人们将在吃饭的时候大声喊叫才能听见。”主句用主动语态，从句用被动语态，语态的确定就看与主语的关系，主动关系用主动语态，被动关系用被动语态。本题中“20 years from now”是关键，故用将来时态。 误点突破：B项时态不对，C项语态不对，D 项时态语态都不对， 2.Tom kept quiet about the accident_ lose his job.(90年高考题) A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as to 答案：B 命题目的：考查不定式的否定形式。 解题思路：根据题意与选项，不定式的否定式是not + 不定式，作目的状语的不定式的否定式则是：in order not to do ,so as not to do ,或not to do ,故此选B。表目的的不定式结构区别：in order to do ,to do 可放句首或句中，而so as to do 只能放句中。 误点突破：A、C、D项其否定词not 位置不对。 3Jane was made_ the truck for a week as a punishment.(91年高考题) A. to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing 答案：A 命题目的：考查不这定形式做宾补的情况 解题思路：在英语中的使役动词：make,let ,have,感官动词：see , notice, observe,watch,hear, feel等词 + 宾语 + 不带to 的不定式句型变为被动语态不定式符号不能省。例如：I often hear him read English.我常常听见他读英语。He is often heard to read English.故此要选答案A。 误点突破：B、D 项make后面无此搭配，C项不符合句子结构。 4.when Jack arrived he learned Mary_ for almost an hour.(92年高考题) A.had gone B. had set off C.had left D. had been away 答案：D 命题目的：考查延续性动词与瞬时动词的使用。 解题思路：本题意为“当杰克到达时，他才知道玛丽走了几乎一个小时了”。根据题意此题应用延续性动语，因题后有一段时间状语。英语中要接一段时间，必须要用延续性动词，否则句子就错了。例如：错句:His grandfather died for five years.正句：His grandfather has been dead for five years.或:It is five years since his grandfather died. 误点突破：A、B、C答案均为瞬间动词，不能跟一段时间状语，故不能选 。 5.We agreed_ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.(95年高考题) A.having met B. meeting C.to meet D. to have met 答案：C 命题目的：考查单词agree的用法。 解题思路：要表示“同意做某事”用agree to do sth agree 后只执着不定式的一般式，不接v-ing 词。单词agree还有如下的用法：agree with sb 同意某人的意见，agree to sth 同意某事，agree on sth。在某事上意见一致。 误点突破：A、B 答案不符合结构，不说agree doing sth,D答案是agree后不接不定式的完成式。四、课后巩固训练 、单项填空 A）从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出其找线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。 1.camp A.starve B.rather C.valley D.ash 2.beyond A.fence B.precious C.system D.determined 3.thirst A.thus B.faith C.breathe D.this 4.curious A.anxious B.precious C.various D.dangerous 5.birth A.iron B.surprise C.surface D.irrigate B）从A、B、C、D中四个选项中，找出能填入空白处的最佳答案。 6. -Do you think the plane will be on time? -I dont know.It_be delayed by fog. A.must B.can C.may D.will 7. Johnny,you_play with the knife.You_hurt yourself. A.wont;cant B.mustnt;may C.shouldnt;must D.cant;may 8. We_for the night in the hotel. A.fixed up B.were fixed up C.put up D.fix on 9. Make sure you_your cigarette end,or it might start a fire. A.be out B.go out C.put out D.set out 10. The English language is a_language. A.wide B.used widely C.widely used D.used wide 11. They were very_at repairing car. A.good B.expert C.experienced D.A,B and C 12. I cant tell who it was intended_? A.for B.to C.by D.in 13. I think,Tom,_you,is to blame. A.rather than B.more than C.instead of D.other than 14. -What is_area of China? -China has_area of 9600 thousand square kilometres. A.the;an B.a;the C.a;an D.the;the 15. We should_the revolutionary tradition from generation to generation. A.hand down B.pass down C.go down D.A and B 16. This coat is_but not_for me. A.fit,suitable B.fit,fits C.suit,suitable D.suit,fit 17. He is known_all_a man of ability. A.to;for B.for;as C.as;to D.to;as 18. You must_your attention upon what the teacher is saying. A.set B.pay C.put D.fix 19. The local government_a new school. A.runs B.starts C.begins D.A and B 20. The smoke started us_. A.cough B.to cough C.coughed D.coughing 21. The thief was caught_my watch by a girl. A.stealing B.to steal C.stolen D.to be stolen 22. This room is_that one. A.three times as large as B.as big twice as C.twice bigger asD.twice big than 23. We had to close the doors and windows in order to keep the cold_. A.away B.out C.on D.in 24. As