M5U1GrammarSs.doc

如皋市薛窑中学高一英语课堂教学活动单Module 5 Unit 1 Grammar and UsageLearning aims: Learn the to infinitive, the bare infinitive and the verb-ing form as a moun.Learning important points:1. Learn how to use the to infinitive, the bare infinitive and the verb-ing form as a moun. 2. Learn the differences between the to infinitive, the bare infinitive and the verb-ing form.Learning methods:Cooperative learning and practicing.Learning procedures:Activity 1: Definition 非谓语动词 ( to do ; v-ing, v-ed ) 定义：是在句子中不能单独做谓语的动词，这样的动词没有人称和数的变化。 具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。Activity 2: to infinitive to infinitive在句子中可以做：主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语 分析下列各句中to infinitive所充当的成分。 To find a best friend is difficult. I need to sleep for eight hours every night. His aim was to cheer me up. I have a very important meeting to attend. You need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend. I asked him to come over. 1. 作主语 不定式在句中做主语，相当于名词或代词的作用，在很多情况下，不定式用it作形式主语。其句型结构为：It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式 It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式 It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式E.g. 学好英语不容易。 成为一个好老师是我的愿望。 在这么短的时间内，完成这么多的家庭作业是不可能的。 很难和这个人交流。 成为一个好老师需要耐心。2. 作表语 Our most important task now is _(制定计划). The next step is _(确认) that what happened to him. 当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。E.g. Now the only thing we can do is _(wait).3. 作宾语 常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish etc.E.g. He promised to make up with me. The car failed to stop at the red light. He hoped to go back to his hometown. He managed to solve the problem by himself. 注：a) sb. find (feel, think, make, believe, judge)+ it+ adj. / n. + to do sth.句型中，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。 我觉得很难和她相处。 我们觉得跟他一起工作很愉快。 他认为没有邀请她是很大的遗憾。 b) 动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, know, teach, learn, discuss等词的宾语时，不定式前面常带疑问词，构成“动词+疑问词(how, when, where, what)+ to do”结构。He showed me how to use the machine.4. 作宾语补足语 下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语: get,ask,force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want,like ,expect,advise, beg, etc。 你应该让他们帮助你。 老师叫我们不要发出这么大的噪音。 我的父母不允许我在外面待到很晚才回来。 请提醒我不要忘了会议。5. 作定语 不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等。 His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear. Her efforts to carry out the plan were wasted.序数词,形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。 She was the only person _(存活) after the earthquake. 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。 没有什么可担忧的。 他正找房子住。6. 作状语 不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。 He got up early _(为了赶上第一班车). He ran to the station _(结果发现车开走了). Im sorry to hear that your mother is ill.7. 作独立成分（插入语），用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank (坦白地说), to be sure(确实), to tell the truth, to begin with等。 _(实话说), I know nothing about it.Activity 3: 不定式的时态和语态时态 / 语态主动被动一般式进行式/完成式不定式的进行式：to be + V-ing, 用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。不定式完成式：to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ed和完成式被动to have been V-edE.g. The two cheats pretended to be working hard on the empty looms (织布机). I am sorry to have put you so much trouble. The meeting is to be held tomorrow. The room seems to have been tidied up already.Activity 4: Bare infinitiveA. 在感官动词或使役动词see, watch, notice, observe,look at（五看）make, have, let（三使） hear, listen to（二听）feel（一感）等动词后面，不定式作宾补不带to（主动省”to”，被动加 “to”）。 I often hear him _(sing) the song. He is often heard _(sing) the song. He was seen _(read) the newspaper by the river. His daughter was made_(play) the piano for two hours every day.B. 在would rather, rather than, had better, may/ might as well等结构之后用不带to的不定式。 我宁愿走也不愿待在这儿。 你最好马上向我道歉。C. why (not) .? Why not _(join) us in dancing? Why not _(visit) our grandma today?D. 在cant but, cant help but, cant choose but“不得不.”之后的不定式不带to。 我不得不佩服他的勇气。E. 动词不定式在介词but, except, besides后面，如果这些介词之前若有行为动词do的各种形式，这些介词后面的不定式不带to。 She could do nothing but _(cry). There was nothing we could do except _(wait). I have no choice but _(stay) here. Exercises: 1. I let her _(use) my dictionary .2. Sarah made me _(promise) not to let out her secret .3. The teacher often has his students _(read) aloud in class .4. I saw her _ (play) basketball .5. I would rather _(stay) home .6. You had better _ (finish) your homework on time .7. Why not _ (go) to the concert tonight ?8.Do you want to go shopping or _(watch)a film ?9. I had nothing to do but _ (play ) computer games .10. I am determined to write rather than _ (sing).Activity 5: Verb-ing form as a noun1. 动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。 分析下列各句中Verb-ing form所充当的成分。 1. Swimming is good for your health. 2. My favorite sport is swimming. 3. I love swimming in the sea during the summer. 4. I keep fit by swimming every day. 作主语 学一门外语对我来说很有用。 Seeing is believing. Saying is easier than doing.注：在下列句式中采用it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。 句型：It is no use / good doing. ; Its useless doing. 做某事没用(不好) Its a waste of . doing. E.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk. Its no good spitting in public.作表语 What he likes best is _(开玩笑). 他的业余爱好是画画。作宾语A. 以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语：stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss etc.E.g. He didnt admit _(steal) my computer. I often _(练习听、说). B. 以下动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语：be used to doing；look forward to doing；devote ones life to doing；spend time (in) doing；be fond of doing；be proud of doing；be tired of doing；feel like doing；go on doing；keep on doing；be interested in doing；have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing；pay attention to；cant stand doing etc.E.g. I look forward to _(see) you at the party. The child is fond of _(集邮).C. 下列动词可接动名词或不定式作宾语：意义常用动词 基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)相反need, want, require (接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则用被动形式) e.g. need doing/ to be donestop to do.stop doing.不同remember / forget / regret to do.remember / forget / regret doing.go on to do.go on doing.try to do.try doing.mean to do.mean doing.cant help to docant help doingE.g. I regret _(tell) you that you have failed in the exam. He remembered meeting her before. He stops to smoke a cigarette. My room needs _(paint).作定语动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。 a smiling face swimming pool dining-car drinking water 2. 动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由形容词性物主代词、人称代词的宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？Mary加入我们会有很大帮助。他又迟到了，这使得老板很不满意。3. 动名词的完成式 (having done)、一般式被动 (being done)和完成式被动 (having been done)。 否定形式：not doing; not being done; not having (been) doneE.g. Im sorry for _(没有完成我的任务). _(他没来) made me very angry.Exercises: 1. I dislike _ (see) our team lose .2. My father is considering _ (buy) a car .3. Do you mind _(open) the window for me ?4. You should avoid _ (walk) along this road for it is being repaired now .5. He admitted _(have ) seen the keys before exams .6. Can you imagine _(go) skating in such a cold day ?7. I cannot help _ (wonder) why she does not like me .8. Sarah felt like _ (cry) when she knew she was betrayed by her friend .9. I cannot stand _(see) people talking with their mouths full .10. Leaders have to put off _(hold) a conference of peace talk due to the attack of terrorists .课堂检测非谓语动词专项练习1. Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _from the library.A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing2. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_ presents for my dad.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought3.Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised4. He had wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the word.A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 5. at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked6. Im calling to enquire about the position in yesterdays China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised7. Listen! Do you hear someone _for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D. called8. There were many talented actors out there just waiting .A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discoveredD .being discovered9. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found10. Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles .A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 11. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed12. _from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see13. His first book next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published