Lecture 7 Affirmation and negation 汉英翻译 教学课件.ppt

AffirmationandNegation 肯定与否定 正 反表达法 AffirmationandNegation Assomelinguistshavepointedout everylanguagehasitspeculiarwayofexpressingnegation Question HowdopeopleexpressnegationinEnglish AndhowdopeopleexpressnegationinChinese Wordstoexpressnegation English no not never nothing nobody hardly seldom etc wordsbeginningwithdis in il ir im andendingwith less fail decline without etc Chinese 不 没有 否 无 非 1 A Canwegoswimming B Idon tseewhynot 2 Excuseme 3 Don tstopworking 4 Hewentintotheinsecurebuilding 5 Heknewhewasmortallyill 6 Teacher Youdon tlikehomework doyou Students No ThedifferencesinnegationbetweenEnglishandChineseresultfromdifferencesinthewayofthinkingandinthemodeofspeaking Generallyspeaking Englishnegativewordsandexpressionsfallintothe4categories 1 fullnegatives 全部否定 完全否定no not none never nothing nobody nowhere neither nor etc 2 seminegatives 半否定hardly scarcely seldom barely few little etc 3 partialnegatives 部分否定notevery notall notboth notmuch notmany notalways etc 4 wordswithnegativeimplication 具否定涵义的词汇fail without beyond until unless refrain refuse neglect absence insteadof otherthan except ratherthan etc Negativewordsandstructuressometimesshouldbereadjustedintranslationaccordingtocontexts Thatistosay dependingonthecontext wecanuseeithernegationoraffirmationtotranslatenegatives Thesameistrueofaffirmativewordsandstructures Contents 1 Negation2 Affirmation3 EnglishwordswithbothaffirmativeandnegativeequivalentsinChinese4 Doublenegative5 Roundaboutaffirmative6 Sometrapsinnegativestructures 1 Negation反面表达法 否定表达法 正话反说 正反表达法Someaffirmativewords phrasesorsentencesinEnglishcanbetranslatedintonegativeonesinChinese 1 Verbs1 Whenwillwehavethepicnic Iftheweatherholdsacoupleofdays 如果这两天天气不变的话我们就去野餐 如果这两天天气持续的话我们就去野餐 negation反面表达法vs affirmation正面表达法 Question Whichversionisbetter 3 Suchachancewasdenied to me 我没有得到这样一个机会 negation 4 Ihavereadyourarticleandexpectedtomeetanolderman 拜读了你的大作 没想到你这样年轻 2 Adverbs 1 wemaysafelysayso 我们可以万无一失地这样说 negation 我们这样说错不了 negation 2 Theboyisprettysmart Exactly 一点没错 negation很正确 affirmation 3 Adjectives1 Itwouldbemostdisastrousifevenarumorofitweregivenout A 只要泄露一点风声 后果就不堪设想 B 只要泄露一点风声 后果就像灾难似的 C 只要泄露一点风声 后果就极为不幸 2 Herhusbandhatestoseeherstonyface A 她丈夫不愿见到她那张毫无表情的脸 B 她丈夫讨厌见到她那张石头般的脸 C 她丈夫讨厌见到她那张冷漠的脸 4 Prepositions1 Theproblemisaboveme 这问题我力所不及 解决不了 2 Itwasbeyondhispowertosignsuchacontract 他无权签订这种合同 3 Theseplaneswereheldbacktoprotectthehomeislands insteadofbeingusedwheretheywerebadlyneeded 这些飞机留在后方保卫本岛 而没有 不是 用在急需的地方 5 Conjunctions1 LittleEmmawouldratherwalkthantakeabus 小艾玛愿意走路而不愿意坐公交车 2 IwillnotgounlessIhearfromhim 如果不接到他的信我就不去 3 We dfighttodeathbeforewesurrender 我们宁肯战死也决不投降 我们宁死不屈 6 Nouns1 Thisfailurewasthemakingofhim 这次不成功是他成功的基础 2 Silencereignedalloverforawhile 一时全场寂静无声 鸦雀无声 3 Hedidn twanttohurther butanitchtodominatepushedhimtosay 他不想伤她的感情 但控制不住 憋不住 的支配欲促使他说道 7 Phrases1 Herexplanationisfarfrombeingsatisfactory 她的解释远远不能 绝非令人满意 2 Webelievethattheyoungergenerationwillproveworthyofourtrust 我们相信年轻一代将不辜负我们的信任 3 MissFairliekepttoherroomallday 费尔莉小姐终日足不出户 8 Sentences1 Ifitworkedonce itcanworktwice 一次得手 下次不愁 2 Shewas80 butshecarriedheryearslightly 她80高龄了 但并不显老 3 Myguessisasgoodasyours 我的猜测并不比你的高明 4 Thedecisionisyettocome 还没有最后决定 Practicetime PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese usingthetechniqueofnegation 1 I mwiserthantobelievewhatyoucallmoneytalks 2 Hewoulddoanythinghewasaskedtodobutreturntohisoldlife 3 Thereisnothingtodo soImayaswellgotobed 4 Two scompany threeisacrowd proverb 5 Mr Whitehasrefrainedfrommakinganyofficialcommentonthecoupinthatcountry 6 Thetwoteamstied 7 Appearancesaredeceptive 8 Shesaididly Theyareallbad Exercises 1 I mwiserthantobelievewhatyoucallmoneytalks 我才不至于蠢到相信你说的金钱万能呢 2 Hewoulddoanythinghewasaskedtodobutreturntohisoldlife 叫他干什么他都愿意 只要不再过以往那种日子 3 Thereisnothingtodo soImayaswellgotobed 没什么事可做 我还不如去睡大觉 4 Two scompany threeisacrowd Proverb 两人为伴 三人不欢 添乱 5 Mr Whitehasrefrainedfrommakinganyofficialcommentonthecoupinthatcountry 怀特先生并没有对该国政变发表正式评论 6 Thetwoteamstied 两队不分胜负 7 Appearancesaredeceptive 外表是靠不住 不可靠的 8 Shesaididly Theyareallbad 她漫不经心地说 他们都不是什么好东西 2 Affirmation正面表达法 肯定表达法1 Verbs1 Weshouldnotdothat saidshe andweallshookourheadsinagreement 她说 我们不应该那么做 我们都点头表示同意 affirmation2 Themanjumpedoveraneighboringgardenwallanddisappearedamongthecrowds 那人翻过附近花园的墙头 消失在人群中 那人翻过附近花园的墙头 在人群中不见了 Compare Whichversionisbetter 3 Thedoubtwasstillunsolvedafterhisrepeatedexplanation 虽然他一再解释 疑团仍然存在 affirmation虽然他一再解释 疑团仍然没有消除 negation2 Adverbs1 Hecarelesslyglancedthroughthenoteandgotaway 他马马虎虎 粗心 地看了看便条就走了 他漫不经心地看了看便条就走了 2 ManyagreedthatthePrimeMinisterhadineffectresigneddishonorably 许多人认为总理辞职其实是很丢脸的 affirmation许多人 其实是很不荣誉地辞职的 negation 3 Adjectives1 Hewasanindecisivesortofpersonandalwayscapricious 他这人优柔寡断 反复无常 2 Itwasanunusualunit flyinganeasilyidentifiableaircraft 这是支特别小队 他们乘坐的飞机非常容易辨认 3 Hitler sundisguisedefforttopersecutetheJewsmetwithworldwidecondemnation 希特勒对犹太人赤裸裸的迫害遭到世界人民的谴责 4 Allthearticlesareuntouchableinthemuseum 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸 Nouns1 Thegirlwasstillinastateofunconsciousness 女孩仍然处于昏迷状态 2 Hemanifestedastrongdislikeforhisboss 他对老板表示出了强烈的厌恶感 憎恨 3 Iwatchedwithdisbeliefasanumberwasputonmyrightforearm 82582 我疑惑 狐疑 地看着右前臂上被刺上数字 82582 5 Phrases1 Don tlosetimeinpostingthisletter 赶快把这封信寄出去 2 Theexaminationleftnodoubtthatthepatienthaddiedofcancer 检查清楚地表明病人死于癌症 3 Students withnoexception aretohandintheirpapersthisafternoon 所有学生都要在下午把试卷交上来 6 Sentences1 Theincidentwasn tlostonus 这件事引起了我们的注意 重视 2 Suchflightscouldn tlongescapenotice 这类飞行迟早会被发觉的 3 A Youarenotateacher areyou B No no no I mnot 你不是老师 对吧 对对对 我不是 4 Nothingismoreimportantthanfinishingyourhomeworkontime 按时完成作业是最重要的事 3 EnglishwordswithbothaffirmativeandnegativeequivalentsinChinese1 I mnewtothejob 这工作我是生手 affirmation 这工作我不熟悉 negation 2 Heisfreewithhismoney 他花钱大手大脚 他花钱从不吝啬 没有节制 3 Herealizedthathewasintrouble 他意识到遇到麻烦了 他感到自己处境不妙 4 Thestationisnodistanceatall 车站近在咫尺 车站一点儿也不远 5 It snolessthanafraud 这简直是一场骗局 这无异于一场骗局 6 Theworksofartwereleftintact themoneygone 艺术品还在 钱却不翼而飞 艺术品原封不动 完好无损 钱却不翼而飞 Question Whichversionisbetter 4 DoublenegativeDoublenegativeisusedtoachieveemphasis Example1 Mother Hey someoneateupallthecandieshere Blackboy Iain teatnothing Mother Isaidsomeone Ididn tsayyou Example2 1 Thereisnorulethathasnoexceptions Example3 Wedon tneednoeducationWedon tneednothoughtcontrol thefirsttwolinesofthesongAnotherBrickintheWallbyPinkFloyd SomeEnglishgrammarianstakedoublenegativestructuresassubstandardEnglish althoughitisthespeechofthenativespeakersofEnglish particularlyoftheworkingpeople OttoJespersenholdsthatinrepeatingthesenegatives thespeakeristakingpainstomakehismeaningclearandunmistakable forfearthatonenegativealonemightnotbeheard Question Howdowetranslatedoublenegation 1 dropbothnegativewords2 keeptotheoriginal dependingonwhichversionissmoothandidiomatic 1 Thereisnorulethathasnoexceptions 任何规则都有例外 2 Thereisnotanyadvantagewithoutdisadvantage 有一利必有一弊 3 Itneverrainsbutitpours 不雨则已 雨必倾盆 4 Thereisn tadaywhenIdon tthinkabouther PrinceWilliamspeakingofhismother 我没有一天不想她 我每天都想她 5 RoundaboutaffirmativeAnindirectwayofexpressingastrongaffirmative Theemotionofthesourcetextshouldbekeptintranslation 1 Hedidn thalflikethegirl 他非常喜欢那姑娘 喜欢那姑娘可不是一点半点 2 Icouldn tfeelbetter 我觉得好极了 再好不过了 3 Icouldn tagreewithyoumore 我太赞成你的看法了 4 Ifthatisn twhatIwant 我想要的就是这个呀 5 Whoisn tlookingforwardtothewintervacation 6 TrapsinnegativestructuresSomenegativestructurescanhardlyberenderedintoChineseliterally andsometimeseventheiroriginalmeaningcouldbeelusive Thisiswhereweareliabletoblunder not because1 Theenginedidn tstopbecausethefuelwasfinished 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转 Wrong 引擎因为燃料耗尽所以没有停止 2 Thisprojectwasnotplacedfirstbecauseitwassimple 此方案并不是因为简易而放在了首位 not because并不是因为 3 Inthatcity wehadneversuffereddiscriminationbecausewewereJews 我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视 cannot cannever too enough sufficiently1 Youcannotbetoocarefulinproof reading 校对时 越仔细越好 2 Wecannotthankthemenough 我们对他们感恩不尽 3 Icanneverstresstoomuchforyourkindness 不管我怎么强调 都难以言表您的善意 4 Wecan tpraiseherenough toohigh 我们怎么表扬她都不过分 5 Youcan ttakeenoughcare 越小心越好 怎么小心都不为过 6 CannotLoveYouEnough nameofasong cannot cannever too enough sufficiently无论怎样 都不过分 越 越好 all every not1 Allthatglittersisnotgold proverb 发光的不一定都是金子 2 Everycoupleisnotapair proverb 配对未必就成双 未必每对夫妻都情投意合 3 Everythingisnotstraightenedout 不 并非每个问题都弄清楚了 摆平了 4 Everybookisnoteducative Noteverybookiseducative 不是每本书都有教育意义 5 Idon tknowallofthem 我并不全认识他们 all every not partialnegation 不是都Compare Noneofthebooksareeducative fullnegation both not1 Webothcannotgo 我们两不能同时都走 partialnegation compare Neitherofuscango fullnegation 2 Idon tlikebothofthebooks 这两本书我并不都喜欢 3 BothreadthesameBibleandpraytothesameGod andeachinvokesHisaidagainsttheother Theprayersofbothcouldnotbeanswered 双方念的是同一本圣经 拜的是同一个上帝 但各方都恳求上帝帮助去打倒对方 所以 双方的祈求不可能都得到满足 both not两者并不都 Itbe adj n that negativeword再 也会 1 Itisagoodworkmanthatneverblunders 智者千虑 必有一失 2 Itisalonglanethathasnoend 路必有弯 凡事总有变化 不会永远不变 3 Itisagoodhorsethatneve