江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语 Unit2 What is happiness to you语法 牛津译林版选修6.doc

江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语 unit2 what is happiness to you语法 牛津译林版选修6the simple past tense一般过去时the past continuous tense过去进行时the past perfect tense过去完成时the simple past tense1. 在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1980 等。2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。eg. 1) when i was a child, i often played football in the street. 当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。2) he always went to work by bus.他过去常常坐公交去上班。3. 用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。(1) 动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。eg. 1) did you want anything else? 你还需要什么吗？ 2) i wondered if you could help me. 我想知道你是否可以帮助我。(2) 情态动词 could, would，eg. 1) could you lend me your bike? 可以把你的自行车借给我吗？4. 用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。eg. 1) if i were a bird, i would fly to beijing. 如果我是一只小鸟，我愿意飞去北京。 2) if he were here now, we could turn to him for help. 如果你刚才在这里，我们可以向他求救。注意下列句型： it is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该了”，eg. it is time you went to bed.你该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事”eg. id rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。the past continuous tense1. 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。常与at that time , the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening等连用。eg. 1) what was he doing this time yesterday? 他昨天这个时候在干什么？ 2) in 2001, she was studying in a university. 2001年，她在大学学习。2. 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。1) my brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我弟弟在骑车的时候跌倒受伤了。2) it was raining when they left the station. 当他们离开车站的时候正在下雨。the past perfect tense1. 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 1) by the end of last year we had built five new houses. 到去年底，我们一家盖好了5栋新房子。 2) i had learnt 5000 words before i entered the university. 在我上大学前，我已经学习了5000个单词。2）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。eg. 1) before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 他连续工作了12个小时才睡觉。 2) he had been in this college for five years before i came here. 在我来这之前，他已经在这个学校待了5年。3）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。eg. she said (that) she had never been to paris. 她曾说她从没去过巴黎。4）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。eg. when the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 当警察到的时候，小偷已经跑掉了。5）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”eg. we had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 我们曾希望你可以来，但是你没有。6）过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。eg. by the time he was twelve, edison had began to make a living by himself. 当爱迪生12岁的时候，他开始靠自己生活。practice 1一、用动词的适当形式填空。1. ihaveseenthefilm“titanic” already. when_you_it？ (see)thedaybeforeyesterday. 2. he told me that mrblack_inbeijing sincefive years ago.( live)3.we_treeslastsunday. sofarwe_over3，000treesthere. (plant)4. did you see a man in black pass by just now? no, sir. i _ a newspaper. (read)5. did alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? yes, he did. he _ his old friends for a long time. (not see)6. i _ there little more than a week when i set to work with the scientist. (be)7. is there any thing wrong, bob? you look sad. oh, nothing much. in fact i _ my friends back home. (think of )二、句子翻译。1. 我上周去看爷爷和奶奶了。2. 你告诉我之前，我已经看过这部电影。3. 妈妈昨晚没看电视，她去阿姨家了4. 昨天这个时候,我们班的同学在操场上踢足球.future tensesthe simple future tense一般将来时the future continuous tense将来进行时the future in the past过去将来时the future perfect tense将来完成时the simple future tense1. shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。eg. 1) which paragraph shall i read first？ 我应该先读哪一段？ 2) will you be at home at seven this evening? 你今晚七点会在家吗？2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。what are you going to do tomorrow?你明天打算干什么？ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。the play is going to be finished next month.话剧将在下个月完成。 c. 有迹象要发生的事look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看乌云，将会有一场暴风雨。3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。we are to discuss the report next saturday. 我们要在下周六讨论这个报告。4. be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 he is about to leave for beijing. 他将出发去北京。注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be going to / will的用法之比较： 用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。例：1) if you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你打算旅行，你最好尽快做准备。2) now if you take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.如果你现在脱掉衣服，我们将在镜子前为你穿上新衣服。be to和be going to 的用法之比较：be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。eg. i am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) the future continuous tense1. 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如： eg. 1) this time tomorrow i shall be flying to guangzhou. 明天的这个时候我将飞去广州。 2) what will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? 明天早上八点你会干什么？ 3) well be watching television all evening. 我们今晚将一直看电视。2. 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。 eg. 1) well be having tea after dinner as usual. 我们将照常在饭后喝茶。 2) the leaves will be falling soon. 叶子将要落下。 3) we shall be having a meeting tomorrow morning. 我们明早将要开会。 4) ill be taking my holidays soon. 我很快将休假。3. 将来进行时常用的时间状语: soon, tomorrow, this evening，on sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。1) by this time tomorrow, ill be lying on the beach.到明天的这个时候，我将会躺在沙滩上。注意：将来进行时不用于表示意志，不能说 ill be having a talk with her.the future in the past基本形式： wouldshould动词原形（其中 would 用于各种人称， should 常用于第一人称）。1) they were sure they would win the final victory. 他们确信他们将获得最终的胜利。2) he didnt expect that we should（would）all be there. 他没想到我们都要去那里。过去将来时的一些其它表达形式： 1. wasweregoing to动词原形 he said he was going to try. 他说他将尝试。2. waswereto动词原形 they said the railway was to be opened to traffic on may day. 他们曾说火车将在五一节向公众开放。3. waswere about to动词原形 we were about to go out when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发就下雨了。4. 过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如 go，come， leave，start， open，begin 等）也可用于表示将来。 i didnt know when they were coming again. 我不知道他们什么时候会再来。用法注意点： 1. 在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。 he said he would come to see you when he had time. 他们说如果他有时间将来看你。2. “would动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。不管什么人称，都可用would。 when he was a child, he would get up early. 当他还是个孩子的时候，他起床很早。 the future perfect tense将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。例： 1) by the end of this week, i shall have finished the book. 到本周末，我将看完这本书。2) the children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home. 当我们到家的时候，孩子们将已经睡觉了。注意：使用这种时态时，多会涉及两个动作或状态，一个在前，一个在后；叙述前面的动作或状态，动词要用将来完成时；叙述后面的动作或状态，动词要用一般现在时。3) we will have completed the work before you come. 在你到之前我们将完成工作。4) we will have played ball when you come. 在你到的时候我们将已经打完球。（或 when you come, we will have played ball.）5) he says that he will have graduated from a university before you return home. 他说在你到家之前，他将从大学毕业。practice 2:1. there _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.a. will be going to b. will going to be c. is going to be d. will go to be2. charlie _ here next month.a. isnt working b. doesnt working c. isnt going to working d. wont work3. he _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.a. will be; is b. is; is c. will be; will be d. is; will be4. the train _ at 11.a. going to arrive b. will be arrive c. is going to d. is arriving5. 他说他将在大门口等我的。6. 我们打算明天去冲浪。7. 明天这个时候我们正在上英语课。exercises：1. look! how wonderful my car is! oh, jack. what are you thinking about? dont you like it? im sorry i _ any remark about it in time. i certainly think its smart.a. wasnt making b. dont makec. wont make d. didnt make2. to find the street where i lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.a. is changing b. has changedc. will have changed d. will change3. he _ quite well, but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.a. will swim b. have swum c. swam d. swims4. jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he _by now.a. hasnt turned up b. doesnt turn upc. wont turn up d. hadnt turned up5. im terribly sorry for being late, but i _ the wrong bus.a. catch b. had caughtc. caughtd. catching6. the truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.a. was to walk b. had been walking c. walked d. was walking7. i really dont think rose will be upset, but i will go and see her in case she _.a. is b. does c. will bed. has been8. the computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.a. were playingb. were to playc. had played d. played9. kate is in hospital. oh, really? i _. _ visit her.a. didnt know; ill go and b. dont know; ill go andc. dont know; im going tod. didnt know; im going to10. where _ the guidebook? i cant see it anywhere. i _ it right here, but now its gone.a. did you put; have putb. had you put; have putc. have you put; putd. were you putting; put11. do you live in this city? no, we _ it for holidays.a. just visit b. just visited c. are just visiting d. have visited12. how is the old man now? sorry, he _ though they did all they could to save him.a. was deadb. had died c. has been dead d. died13. the lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.a. will be taken b. are takenc. were taken d. had been taken 14. im afraid it will be two months _.a. when i come back b. when ill come backc. before i come backd. before ill come back15. the workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.a. had worked, had left b. were working; had left c. working; had left d. had worked; left16. the notice _ “no smoking”.a. is told b. readsc. tells d. is read17. the old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. a. died b. would die c. had died d. has died 18. old mcdonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. a. returned b. returns c. was returning d. had returned 19. i _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. a. hoped; would become b. had hoped; would become c. had hoped; will become d. hope; will become 20. i _ to take a good holiday this year, but i wasnt able to get away. a. hope b. have hoped c. had hoped d. hoped 21. helen _ _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. a. has left; comes b. left; had come c. had left; came d. had left; would come 22. he stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in the forms. a. sitting b. to sit c. sat d. having it23. she said she would telephone but we _from her so far. a. havent heard b. didnt hear c. hadnt heard d. wont hear24. when i got to the cinema, the film_ _for ten minutes. a. has begun b. had begun c. had been on d. was25. ill go with you as soon as i _ my homework. a. will finish b. finish c. am finishing d. finished26. if it _ tomorrow, i wont go to the cinema. a. will rain b. rains c. is raining d. rained27. she is going to be a nurse when she _ up. a. is going to grow b. grows c. growing d. grew28. “这本书我已经买了三个月了。” which is wrong？ a. i have had this book for three months. b. i have bought this book for three months. c. i bought this book three months ago. d. it is three months since i bought this book.29. come in, peter, i want to show you something. oh, how nice of you! i _ you _ to bring me a gift. a. never think; are going b. never thought; were going c. didnt think; were going d. hadnt thought; were going30. when i was at college i _ three foreign languages, but i _ all except for a few words of each. a. spoke; had forgotten b. spoke; have forgotten c. had spoken; had forgotten d. had spoken; have forgotten31. the police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. a. has broken into; has been stolen b. had broken into; had been stolen c. has been broken into; stolen d. had been broken into; stolen32. the volleyball match will be put off if it_. a. will rain b. rains c. rained d. is raining33. mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. a. made b. is making c. was making d. makes34. the students _ busily when miss brown went to get a book she _ in the office. a. had written; left b. were writing; has left c. had written; had left d. were writing; had left35. have you moved into the new house? no yet, the rooms _, a. are being painted b. are painting c. are painted d. are being painting3