江苏省常州市西夏墅中学高中英语 Unit2 The Universal Language重点词汇讲解 牛津译林版选修8.doc

重点词汇讲解1. universal adj. 共通的、广泛的、全球的、公认的；普遍的、一般的；l there was universal agreement as to who should become chairman.谁该当主席，大家的意见是一致的。l this is a subject of universal interest.这是一个普遍关心的问题。l football is a universal game. 足球是一项全球化的体育运动。2. witness vt. 亲眼目睹l did you really witness the accident that happened near our school?你真的亲眼目睹了发生在我们学校附近的那场事故？l several journalists witnessed the incident in which eight people were injured.几名记者目睹了那场事故，事故中八人受伤。witness n. 目击者；证人l mr. green was asked to act as a witness to the agreement between his two friends.格林先生被叫去在他的两位朋友达成的协议上签名作证。l he will appear as a witness for the defence.他将作为被告的证人出庭。阅读下列各句，辨别witness的词性和含义。1) police have appealed for witnesses to the accident. （n. 目击者）2) his good health is a witness to the success of the treatment. （n. 为提供证据)3) recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. （vt. 见证）4) she witnessed to having seen the man enter the building. （vi. 作证说）3. cast vt. 分派某人扮演角色；为选演员；（其过去式和过去分词均为cast）l the director cast me as a mad scientist.导演分派我演一个发狂的科学家。l john was cast as hamlet and mary as ophelia in the film.在这部戏中，约翰扮演哈姆雷特，马莉扮演奥菲利亚。阅读下列各句，辨别cast的词性和含义。1) the fishermen cast their nets into the sea. （vt. 抛、撒）2) to cast aside the salesgirls doubts, he emptied all his pockets. （vt. 打消）3) she cast a glance in his direction. （vt. 把投向）4) we were cast away on an island without food or water. （vt. 使漂流）5) now that the warmer weather has come, we cast off our winter clothing. （vt. 脱掉、不再穿）6) the film has a strong cast that includes several famous names. （n. 演员阵容）4. set vt. 以为背景；发生在l the book is set in 17th century spain.这本书以十七世纪的西班牙为背景。l the play is set in venice.这部剧发生在威尼斯。阅读下列各句，辨别set的含义。1) could you please help me set the table? （摆放）2) i opened the cage and set the birds free. （使处于状态）3) your remarks set me thinking. （使开始）4) she set the alarm for 6:30 a.m. （调整好）5) he set a new land speed record. （创设）6) in winter, the sun set early in the west.（落、下沉）7) we set about clearing up the mess.（开始做）8) she set aside a little money each week.（节省）9) they set off/set out in search of the lost child. （出发）10)the bomb could be set off by the slightest vibration.（使爆炸）5. potential adj. 将来有可能成为，潜在的l he is seen as a potential leader of our political party.他将来有可能成为我们政党的领袖。l always on the lookout for the potential dangers.时刻警惕潜在的危险。阅读下列各句，注意potential的词性变化和含义。1) he has acting potential, but he needs training.（n. 潜力）2) she is potentially our best tennis player, but she needs to practice much harder.（adv. 有可能成为）3) such a forceful person may have great potentialities for either good or evil.（n. 潜在可能性）6. imagine vt. 想像；设想、认为l you can imagine my surprise when they told me the news.你能想像得出他们在把那则消息告诉我时我是多么的惊讶。l you can imagine how surprised i was. 你能想像得出我是多么的惊讶。l try to imagine that you are all alone on a desert island.试想一下你孤身一人在一个荒岛上。l its hard to imagine living in a place where there are no cars.生活在一个没有汽车的地方是不可思议的。l can you imagine george cooking the dinner?你能想像乔治烧饭吗？l she imagines that people dont like her, but they do. 她认为人们都不喜欢她，但他们是喜欢她的。7. 否定词never/no/not/nothing等与比较级连用，往往表达最高级含义。l 世上没有比那些书更有价值的东西了。nothing in the world is more valuable than those books.=those books are the most valuable in the world.l he said he had never watched a more exciting game before.=he said the game was the most exciting one he had ever watched.8. decorate vt. 装饰 / 修饰decorate with 用饰品装饰 / 修饰；类似短语还有：furnish with 为（房间或房屋）配备（家具） equip with 用（仪器、设备等）装备（工厂、车间、实验室等） 对应名词分别为decoration（装饰，装饰品）; furniture（家具）; equipment（装备，设备，器材）l her living-room is furnished with a comfortable new sofa.l the workshop is equipped with many modern machines. (it is a well/fully equipped workshop.)l they always decorate their classroom with balloons and flowers when christmas comes.9. fall vi.（不知不觉地或突然地）进入状态 （过去式为fell, 过去分词为fallen）l he fell ill. 他病了。l she fell into a deep sleep.她睡熟了。l they have fallen in love.他们正热恋着。l he fell victim to her charm.他被她的美所倾倒。10. marry vt. & vi.（与）结婚；娶；嫁l he married late in life.他很晚才结婚。l will you marry me?你愿意嫁给我吗？阅读下列各句，注意marry 的用法和含义。1) they got married last april, and they have been married for a year.2) the bishop married them. 3) she wants to marry her daughter to a rich man.11. take on （无被动式）呈现出面貌、特征等l the temple takes on a golden color when the sun sinks in the west. l his voice takes on a more serious tone. 阅读下列各句，写出take on 的含义。1) she is not in good health these days, and cannot take on more work.（承担工作等）2) great changes have taken place in the city in the past few decades, and now it has taken on a completely new look. （呈现（面貌、特征等）3) were not taking on any new staff at the moment. （雇佣）4) the bus stopped to take on more passengers. （接纳、装载）12. disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的；引起恐慌的l ive had some disturbing experience.我已经够烦的了。l there come again some disturbing reports about the middle east.又有关于中东的令人不安的报道。l it is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. 想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真是令人不安。阅读下列各句，注意disturb的其它用法。1) i was deeply disturbed and depressed by the news. （心烦意乱的）2) dont disturb the papers on my desk. （弄乱）3) she opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping child.（吵醒）4) im sorry to disturb you, but can i talk to you for a moment? （打扰）13. leave vt. 把留交； 交托l you can leave the cooking to me.你可以把做饭的事交给我。l she left her assistant in charge of the company when she was away.她出差在外时，委托她的助手来打理公司事务。阅读下列各句，注意leave的其它用法与含义。l the plane leaves for dallas at 12:55. （飞往）l some children leave school at 16. （毕业离校）l why do you always leave everything until the last moment? （不马上处理）l leave the door open, please. （使处于）l dont leave her waiting outside in the rain. （使处于）l the dog left a trail of destruction behind it. （留下）l britain is being left behind in the race for new markets. （把抛在后面）14. stage vt. 上演；举办； n. l the local theater is staging a production of hamlet.当地剧团正在上演哈姆雷特。l london has bid to stage the 2012 olympic games. 伦敦已申办了2012年的奥运会。15. condemn vt. 判处； 谴责l he was condemned to death for murder and later hanged.他因凶杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死。l she was condemned to hang for killing her husband.她因杀害亲夫被处以绞刑。l we all condemn cruelty to children.我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为。l the government issued a statement condemning the killing. 政府发表声明谴责这起凶杀事件。16. break up 解散；结束；放假；粉碎、破碎；垮掉l their marriage has broken up.他们的婚姻已经破裂。l the meeting broke up at 11 oclock.会议于11点散的。l when do you break up for the may day holiday?你们什么时候放“五一”假？l the ship broke up on the rocks.船触礁撞碎了。l he was breaking up under such strain.过度的劳累使他快跨了。练习：一、单词拼写。1. the fireworks looked very s_ against the dark sky.2. linda held a dinner to a_ her engagement to matt.3. when he asked for her hand in m_, she insisted that he sign a private contract.4. we are going to h_ a new teacher employed at our school to give senior one students extra lessons.5. the researchers c_ that it would use 25% less fuel than current aircraft do.6. every saturday night i a_ with her to watch boring movies when we were on the farm.7. all the small details of the design become e_, as well as the mistakes.8. nowadays, data of all descriptions is easily a_ online.9. he used a small printing machine to p_ a newspaper.10. the governments s_ attitude was a block to further talks.11. p_ against blacks was invisible to most white americans for many years.12. the young b_ will soon be taking a wife.二、用所给动词短语的适当形式填空。give upparticipate inat first sight take onhold upgo crazybreak upbe unwilling tofall in loveget marriedsplit upspring up1. like a man falling in love with his sweetheart _, everything is right.2. how will my house _ in an earthquake? can the government send someone out to evaluate my property?3. the turning point of my life was my decision to _ a promising literature career and begin a business career instead.4. the chairman was blamed for letting his secretary _ too much work last week.5. he has invited the all companions _ his wedding party.6. even if there were a desire to borrow to finance spending, banks might _ meet it.7. the report claims that when women _, they tend to eat more.8. its a beautiful dress; the girls will _ over it!9. with the development of economy, many little towns _ in the west of china.10. barry and anne were always quarreling, and i fear that their marriage is about to _.11. after days battling the rough sea, the ship at last _.12. hal, i know how anxious you are to _ and start a family.三、用括号内的词/短语完成下列句子。1. 即便如此，将会有强大的压力使得奥巴马不违背诺言。(break ones promise) 2. 一位好老师应该帮助学生发展学习爱好而不是迫使他学习。 (develop ones interest) 3. 加利福尼亚人开始要求不再允许中国人进入他们的州。 (demand) 4. 努力抵抗被其他想法、任务分心。(resist doing) 5. 狮子会 (lions club) 会员的平均年龄不断上升，但会员数量在逐渐下降。 (gradual decline) 6. 她的表演为她赢得了奥斯卡最佳女演员奖。 (earn sb. sth) 7. 上周日，92岁的薇拉(vera)成为史上拥有冠军大碟的最年长的在世歌手。（(a number one hit) 8. 最后那三个节目入选参加25日晚的全校汇演。 (be staged) 9. 在有些领域，开始踏入的时候会有连续、快速的工资增长。(start out) 10. 她开始从事清洁工作，发展到经营那家公司。(progress) 参考答案：一、单词拼写 1. splendid 2. announce 3. marriage 4. have 5. claim 6. accompanied 7. evident 8. accessible 9. publish 10. stubborn 11. prejudice 12. bachelor 二、用所给动词短语的适当形式填空 1. at first sight 2. hold up 3. give up 4. take on5