江苏省灌南高级中学高三英语一轮复习《虚拟语气》学案 译林牛津版.doc

高考英语 专题突破题型通关篇 16套语法授课内容虚拟语气：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。例如：i wish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。if i had more money, i would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。教学步骤part one: lead in1.if条件从句所述情况if 从句主句与现在相反过去式/be werewould/could/might/should do与过去相反had donewould/could/might/shouldhave done与将来相反did /were to /shouldwould/could/might/should dopart two: discovery and practice2. 错综时间条件句和省略if的条件句有时候，条件和结果不是指同一个时间，这时，应根据上面谈到的几种情况，使用相应的形式，这种虚拟语气形式被称为错综虚拟语气。例) if it were christmas day today, i would have bought some presents last weekend.1.总结: 条件从句的动作和主句的动作时间不一致时, 动词的形式要作相应的调整.假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。you much better now if you my advice.要不是你误了公共汽车的话，我们现在正在听音乐会呢if you_ the bus, we _ the concert now. 2.若从句中有were, had, should,可把if 省略，而把_ _ _放在主语前，从句部分形成倒装结构。例如： 要是我了解电脑程序，会节省大量的时间和能量had i known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_ . 如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消球赛。should it rain tomorrow, we would have to_.3.含蓄式条件句有时为了表达的需要，虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他介词,介词短语或副词等来替代。如：without, with，but for, or (else), otherwise ，under，in等。1) we couldnt have succeeded without your help. (= if we hadnt received your help.)2）with his help (= if i had her help), i would do the experiment well. 3）under the leadership of a less experienced person (= if there had been the leadership of a lessexperienced person), the experiment would have failed. 4）i would have lost my head in that position ( = if i had been in that position).5) but for the rain, we would have finished the work. = if it _.6) he telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or (else)i would have known nothing about it.= if he _,7) i was ill that day. otherwise, i would have taken part in the sports meeting = if i _.4. i wish that /if only/as if/though表现在: _表过去: _表将来: _ i wish it were spring all the year round. we wish we had arrived two hours earlier. i wish you could go with us. if only that i were not so thin. if only i had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好了if only i could speak several foreign languages . she acts as if/though she were a beauty.he treated the dog as if it had been his old friend. it looks as if it is going to rain (注意：是事实就不虚拟)5. would rather表现在或将来:_表过去: _1. i would rather he came tomorrow than today2. i would rather you paid me now.3. i would rather they had gone with me that day.6.it is（about/high）time that_ it is high time that people learned english./should learn english.下列名词性从句中用: sb + (should) + do sth表示建议,命令,要求,惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等7.宾语从句:表建议,命令,要求的动词 （一坚持insist二命令order, command三 建议：suggest, propose, advise四 要求：desire, demand, require，request，urge）1. he ordered that we (should) set a dead line for it. 2. i suggest that we (should) set off at once.3. i insisted that we (should) decide what to do with him.注意:当suggest 作“暗示、表明”解时;insist表示“坚持说、坚持认为”解时不用虚拟！he insisted that he didnt steal the money and that the teacher (should) apologize to him.8. it is (was) + 上述动词的过去分词 + that +主语从句1. it is demanded that he (should) leave at once.2. it is requested that she (should) give a performance .9.上述动词对应的名词order,proposal，advice用于表语从句及同位语从句1. his request is that you (should) give him more time.2. do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?10. it is necessary / strange /natural / a pity / no wonder + that +主语从句1. it is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.2. it is a pity that he (should) have failed in the exam.3. it is important that everybody (should) be told the facts.part three: exercises1. if we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.a. take b. had taken c. took d. have taken2. this printer is of good quality. if it break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.a. would b. should c. could d. might5. teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. a. not allow b. do not allow c. mustnt allow d. couldnt allow6. i forget where i read the article, or i _ it to you now. a. will showb. would show c. am going to show d. am showing7. “mary looks hot and dry” “so _ you if you had so high a fever.” a. dob. are c. will d. would8. “he will come tomorrow.” “but id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.” a. will comeb. is coming c. came d. had come9. all the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once. a. should be; be operated on b. were; must be operated on c. was; should be operated d. was; be operated on 10. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. a. was he given upb. had he given up c. did he gived. if he gave up11. “isnt it about time you _ to do morning exercises？” “yes, it is. would you like to join us？” a. beginb. have begun c. begand. had begun12. if only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. a. lies b. lay c. had lain d. should lie13. you didnt let me drive. if we _ in turn, you _ so tired now.a. drove; didnt get b. drove; wouldnt get c. were driving; wouldnt get d. had driven; wouldnt get14. sorry，i am too busy now. if i _ time, i would certainly go for an outing with you.a. have had b. had had c. have d. had 15. maybe if i science, and not literature then, i would be able to give you more help.a. studied b. would study c. had studied d. was studying1012高考英语虚拟语气考点汇编1. -the weather has been very hot and dry. -yes. if it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! and my vegetables a. wouldnt die b. didnt die c. hadnt died d. wouldnt have died2george is going to talk about the geography of his country, but id rather he_ more on its culture.a. focus b. focused c. would focus d. had focused3 - john went to the hospital alone.- if he _ me about it, i would have gone with him.a. should tell b. tells c. told d. had told4. they have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.a .will b. can c. must d. should5.where are the children? the dinners going to be completely ruined.i wish they always late.a. werent b. hadnt been c. wouldnt be d. wouldnt have been6. i _ sooner but i didnt know that they were waiting for me.a. had come b. was coming c. would come d. would have come7.pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.i it, but i was busy preparing for a job interview.a. attended b. had attended c. would attend d .would have attended8. i_ through that bitter period without your generous help. a. couldnt have gone b. didnt go c. wouldnt go d. hadnt gone9. we _johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.a. will put b. will have put c. would put d. would have put10. we lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.a. visit