职称英语考试真题.pdf

1 2008 职称英语全真模拟题 理工类职称英语全真模拟题 理工类 B 级第二套级第二套 第一部分 词汇选择 第 1 15 题 每题 1 分 共 15 分 下面共有 15 句子 每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线 请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语 答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上 1 We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly A decrease B cease C continue D keep 2 The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known A location B view C event D landscape 3 She has been the subject of massive media coverage A extensive B negative C expensive D active 4 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links A rejected B investigated C proposed D postponed 5 The sea was calm and still A quite B quiet C yet D rough 6 In a bullfight it is the movement not the color of objects that arouses the bull A confuses B excites C scares D satisfies 7 The committee comprises five persons A absorbs B concerns A excludes D involves 8 All the people assembled at Mary s house A collected B fixed C asserted D assist 9 We derive knowledge mainly from books A deprive B obtain C descend D trace 10 We all consider him a man of dynamic personalities A dangerous B doubtful C active D easy 11 We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only A convince B satisfy C comfort D benefit 12 We should contemplated the problem from all sides A deliberated B thought C described D designed 13 His health had deteriorated while he was in prison A became better B became worse C became stronger D became weaker 14 I meant to give you this book today but I forgot A intended to B tended to C extended to D pretended to 15 As a matter of fact I love soft music more than popular music A basically B probably C actually D accurately 第二部分 阅读判断 每题 1 分 共七分 阅读下面这篇短文 短文后列出了七个句子 请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断 如果该句提供的是 正确信息 请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑 如果该句提供的是错误信息 请在答题卡上把 B 涂黑 如果该句的信 息文章中没有提及 请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑 El Nino 厄尔尼诺现象 While some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance the Columbia University researchers say their method call predict large E1 Nino events up to two years in advance That would be good news for governments farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that El Nino can produce in various parts of the world Using a computer the researchers matched sea surface temperatures to later El Nino occurrences 2 between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to1857 using prior sea surface temperatures The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature The researchers say their method is not perfect but Bryan C Weare a meteorologist at the University of California Davis who was not involved in the work said it suggests E1 Nino is indeed predictable This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods said Weare He added that the new method makes it possible to predict El Nino at 1ong lead times Other models also use sea surface temperatures but they have not looked as far back because they need other data which is only available for recent decades Weare said The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacitic is of immense importance The 1997 El Nino for example caused an estimated 20 billion in damage worldwide offset by beneficial effects in other areas said David Anderson of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts in Reading England The 1877 El Nino meanwhile coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China prompting the development of seasonal forecasting Anderson said When El Nino hit in 199 1 and 1997 200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone according to a 2002 United Nations report While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky the ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February The warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years The new forecasting method does not predict any major El Nino events in the next two years although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible E1 Nino n 厄尔尼诺现象 Equatorial adj 赤道的 Occurrence n 发生 Meteorologist n 气象学家 Offset v 抵销 Lead adj 提前的 Monsoon n 季风 Tricky adj 难以捉摸的 练习 1 The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E1 Nino a few months in advance A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2 The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past EI Nino occurrences and sea surface temperatures A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3 The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4 Weare s contribution in predicting E1 Nino was highly praised by other meteorologists A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5 According to a Chinese report the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1 99 1 and 1 997 affected 200 million Chinese people A right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6 It takes about eight months for El Nino to reach its peak A right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7 A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3 第三部分 概括大意与完成句子 每题 1 分 共 8 分 阅读下面这篇短文 短文后有 2 项测试任务 1 1 4 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2 5 段每段选 择 1 个正确的小标题 2 第 5 8 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确的选项 分别完成每个句子 请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上 Soot and Snow a Hot Combination l New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow According to a computer simulation black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century 2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth where ice is more common absorbs more of the sun s energy and warmth than an icy white background Dark colored black carbon or soot absorbs sunlight while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight 3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change Als0 if snow and ice covered areas begin melting the warming effect increases as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface This provides a positive feedback as glaciers and ice sheet smelt they tend to get even dirtier said Dr James Hansen a researcher at NASA s Goddard Institute for Space Studies NewYork 4 Hansen found soot s effect on snow albedo solar energy reflected back to space which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere such as thinning Arctic sea ice melting glaciers and permafrost Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land 5 Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon Hansen said Soot s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world s climate This forcing is unusually effective causing twice as much global warming as a carbon dioxide forcing of the same magnitude Hansen noted 6 Hansen cautioned although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing f10r 也 e rest of this century 7 The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was 1arge in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes These observations were consistent with the researchers climate model simulations which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight 词汇 soot n 煤烟 煤灰 emission n 释放 散发 排放 simulation v 模拟 latitude n 纬度 glacier n 冰川 冰河 albedo n 反照率 permafrost n 永冻层 forcing n 温室作用 dioxide n 二氧化物 magnitude n 量 大小 练习 1 Paragraph 3 2 Paragraph 4 3 Paragraph 6 4 Paragraph 7 5 In the twentieth century soot 6 Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases 7 Black soot covered snow and ice 8 A soot forcing is unusually effective which 4 第四部分 阅读理解 每题 3 分 共 45 分 下面有 3 篇短文 每篇短文后有 5 道题 每道题后面有 4 个选项 请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面 的问题 从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上 第 1 篇 Common cold Sense You can t beat it but you don t have to join it Maybe it got the name common cold because it s more common in winter The fact is though being cold doesn t have anything to do with getting one 3 Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses and at least SO far medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults because they have more colds than adults an average of about eight per year Why do kids seem SO much more easily to get colds than their parents Simple They haven t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses There are more than 1 50 different cold viruses and you never have the same one twice Being infected by one makes you immune to it but only it Colds are usually spread by direct contact not sneezing or coughing From another person s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy although the viruses Can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces Hygiene is your best defense Wash your hands frequently preferably with a disinfectant soap especially when children in your household have colds But even careful hygiene won t ward off every cold So what works when a coughing sneezing runny nose strikes The old prescription of two aspirins lots of water and bed rest is a good place to start But you 11 also find some of the folk remedies worth Wing Hot mixtures of sugar or honey lemon and water have real benefits 词汇 rhinovirus n 鼻病毒 virus n 病毒 immune adj 免疫的 有免疫力的 preferably adv 更可取地 更好地 disinfectant n 消毒剂 杀菌剂 prescription n 1 诀窍 2 处方 药方 infect vt 传染 侵染 感染 sneeze vi 打喷嚏 remedy n 治疗 治疗法 药品 thumbnail n 拇指甲 1 Accordingtothe essay you may have a cold because A the weather is too cold B the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected C another person s coughing passes the cold to you D you wash your hands too often 2 The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is A to keep yourself clean B to use a disinfectant soap C to take two aspirins every day D to drink lots of water 3 Children have more colds because A they are usually infected about eight times each year B they are not immune to many cold viruses yet C they never wash their hands So that their thumbnails are dirty D they don t 1ike eating lemon 4 When you are having a cold A it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time B it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time C it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time 5 D it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time 5 When one is having a cold he may often have a11 the following symptoms EXCEPT A coughing B having a sore throat C having a runny nose D having a stomachache 第 2 篇 Urban Rainforest On the west side of the island of Manhattan in New Y0rk City tree by tree leaf by leaf a 2 500 square foot sector of the Central African Republic s Dzanga Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to or recreated at the American Museum of Natural History s new hall of biodiversity When the hall opens this May visitors will visit one of the world s biggest and most accurate reproduction of one of nature s most threatened creations To bring the rainforest to New Y0rk a team of nearly two dozen scientists the largest collecting expedition the museum has ever organised for an exhibit spent five weeks in the African rainforest collecting soil plants and leaves recording and documenting species studying trees shooting videotape and still photos and interviewing local people This area has been explored very little says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum will eventually collect 150 to 180 mammals more than 300 species of birds hundreds of butterflies and hundreds of thousands if not 111illions of organisms The exhibition may even have produced a special prize scientists suspect they have uncovered several new species To give the forest a sense of realness the back wall of the exhibit is an enormous videoscreen sounds will come out from hidden speakers and plans even call for forest smells Computer controls will vary the effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same After the team returned to New York the forest was reproduced with the help of the computer Computer modelling programmes plotted distances and special relationships Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to 1ife Plaster trees were made Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest of the hall Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling The 1ight in the forest one of the exhibit s cleverest re creations will seem real Long tube 1ights will have the correct colour and temperature to produce a natural effect The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally in a perfect balance remove one and the whole is imperfect if not endangered The exhibit is proof to the hope that the world s rainforests will never exist solely as a carefully preserved artifact 词汇 biodiversity n 生物多样性 document v 纪实性地描述 mammal n 哺乳类动物 organism n 微生物 exhibit n 展品 walkthrough n 开拍前的排练 预排 plot v 为 设定 plaster n 熟石膏 artifact n 人工制品 1 What is this passage mainly about A The history of the American Museum of Natural History B The reproduction of the rainforest at a New York museum C Visitors interest in the rainforest reproduction at a New York museum D Saving rainforests in the Central African Republic 2 How did the museum collect the data in the Central African Republic A It sent a large team of scientists there B It cooperated with many African scientists C It recruited local people to collect mammals etc D It sent cameramen to shoot videotapes 3 To give the forest a sense of realness all the following are used EXCEPT that A hidden loudspeakers are used to produce forest sound 6 B a huge videoscreen is put up on the back wall C special equipment is employed to produce forest smells D the forest is surrounded by front and back walls 4 What is the main theme of the last paragraph A The layout of the rainforest exhibition B The balance between animals and plants C The clever design of lighting D Preservation of the rainforest exhibition as an artifact 5 What does the last sentence of the passage most probably mean A The rainforest in the Central African Republic will be preserved forever B The well designed exhibit will be preserved as an artifact C The exhibit reflects the hope that natural rainforests will be well preserved D The exhibit of the rainforest in the museum is the sole one in the world 第 3 篇 Credit Card Only Works When Spoken to A credit card that will not work unless it hears its owner s voice could become an important Weapon in the fight against fraud The card requires users to give a spoken password that it recognizes using a built in voice recognition chip The idea is to prevent thieves using a stolen card or fraudsters using someone else s credit card details to buy goods online A prototype built by engineers at Beepcard in Santa Monica California represents the first attempt to pack a microphone a loud speaker a battery and a voice recognition chip into a standard sized credit card They are not quite there yet the card is the length and width of an ordinary credit card but it is still about three times as thick Alan Sege Beepcard s CEO says the company now plans to use smaller chips to slim it down to normal thickness The voice card is based Oil an earlier Beepcard technology designed to prevent fraud in online transactions This earlier card has no microphone but has a built in loudspeaker that it uses to squawk an acoustic ID signal via a computer s microphone to an online server By verifying that the signal matches the card details the server can establish that the user is not simply keying in a credit card number but actually has the card to hand The ID code changes each time the card is used in a pre ordered sequence that only the server knows This prevents fraudsters recording the beeps noting the card details and then playing back the audible ID when they key in the details later But this earlier technology cannot prevent fraudulent use of stolen cards The new one can The new voice card also identifies itself by its ID squawk but it will not do this until it has verified the legitimate user s spoken password Thieves will be unable to use the card because even if they knew the password they would have to be able to copy the owner s voice with a high degree of accuracy The challenge for Beepcard has been to develop voice recognition and audio circuitry that can be powered by a mini battery embedded in a credit card To maximize battery life the electronics are only switched on when the card is being used Pressing a button on the card s surface prompts it to utter Say your password in female voice If the voice recognition software proves that the password is authentic it sends its ID squawk which the server then identifies allowing the transaction to proceed 词汇 fraudster n 骗子 beep n 电子装置发出的 嘟嘟声 online adj adv 联机的 地 在线的 地 实时操作的 地 legitimate adj 合法的 fraudulent adj 欺骗性的 骗得的 prototype n 原型 样品 circuitry n 电路系统 7 squawk v 粗声叫出 embed v 埋置 嵌入 插入 acoustic adj 声的 用声波操作的 utter v 发出 声音 说出 verify v 证实 核实 1 How Call the credit card recognize the spoken password given by the user A By using a voice recognition chip embedded in the card B By using a voice recognition device built in the server C By fixing a microphone in the card D By fixing a loudspeaker in the card 2 Are the engineers at Beepcard satisfied with the model they have built Why or why not A Yes because the model they have built is a standardized credit card B No because the model they have built is too heavy C No because the model they have built is too thick D Yes because the model they have buil