考前高分必读班义二.doc

7考研英语英译汉 在第三章中我们将运用前边讲过的翻译思路、解题步骤及技巧，结合历年翻译真题进行具体分析，介绍解题方法、评分细则，并对当年的真题进行总体评析。一2009年英译汉 7There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. （46）It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. （47）Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the worlds work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.（48）While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. （49）Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. （50 ）We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education - that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. 与他人相处时受到的教育和对年轻人的刻意教育之间有着明显的不同。在前一种情况下，教育是偶然的；这种教育自然而又重要，但却不是教育机构存在的直接原因。（46）也许有人会说，衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是在其丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是其初衷所在。比如，宗教社团的产生是为了确保统治权利的利益、阻挡邪恶势力；家庭生活的开始是源于满足欲望、确保家庭永续；而系统的劳动，在很大程度上是始于对他人的奴役等。（47）机构的这一副产品只是逐渐才被人们注意到，而人们把这种作用视为机构运行的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。即使今天，在我们的工业化生活里，与物质产出相比，除了勤俭和节约等某些价值观之外，人类各种社会机构中的智力和情感反应却极少受到关注，而世界正是在这些社会机构下才得以运转的。但是和年轻人打交道时，交往本身就是一个近人类的事实，这一事实愈发显得重要。（48）虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。培训的必要性过于明显；完成对他们态度和习惯改变的紧迫感如此强烈，乃至我们不能对这些后果置之不理。（49）由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。如果人类有所进展，已经意识到每个机构的终极价值就在于它独特的人的作用，那么我们完全可以认为这一教益很大程度上源于与年轻人的接触。（50）这就使得我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正规的教育形式，即直接讲授或学校教育。在落后的社会群体中，我们几乎看不到正规的教育和培训。这些群体主要依赖于令成年人对其群体保持忠诚的机构去培养年轻人各种必需的品质。第一节 文章结构总体分析 原文讨论的是The Place of Formal Education.（正规教育的地位）试题的具体来源是John Dewey的专著Democracy and Education（麦克米兰公司1916年出版）。09年考研英语翻译试题截取了这本书第一章的部分内容，并做了修改。字数建议时间体裁题材难度系数中心词42220分钟议论文社会经纬正规教育 第二节 答案详解Questions 465046It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.【简要分析】本句属于典型的长句题，篇幅长，结构层叠，意在考察考生分析句子结构的能力。本句的考查重点是并列分句及形式主语结构。 It may be said属形式主语，实际主语从句为that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect ； in enlarging and improving experience为介词短语作后置定语; but this effect is not a part of its original motive为并列分句。【参考译文】虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是在其丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。 【评分细则】 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution /is its effect in enlarging and 0.5分0.5分improving experience；but this effect is not a part of its original motive.1评分要点：词或表达式可接受译法不可接受译法（只出来一词不给分）1. It may be said人们可能认为; 也许有人会说可能据说2. social institution社会组织社会体制；社会制度；社会院校；社会设施；社会学派；社会情况3. its effect它的影响它的利益；有效地（扩大-）；举措3. enlarging and improving experience扩大经验传播及改进经验;丰富和提升经验4. original motive原始动力；最初动力; 早先设想的；原始动机；本来目的整句实例：0分：它可能是说任何社会情况的价值测量，是它在扩大和提高的经验的影响下的。句意混乱不得分。0.5分：第1部分“衡量一个社会机构的价值是由其影响决定的”句意正确，得0.5分。其他部分不得分。1分：第1、2部分“社会体制、经验的增加和警示”：均不得分；第3部分得1分。1.5分：第1部分“社会院校”不可接受，扣0.5分，其余得1.5分2分：“或许可以说，对任何一个社会组织的价值的评价是它对丰富和提升经验的影响。但是这种影响并不是它的最初动机。”句意正确，可以接受，得2分。47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.【简要分析】本句的考查重点是并列句及两个倒装结构。Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, 属于倒装结构；and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution呈递进关系的两个被强调部分的倒装结构属并列句。【参考译文】人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这一副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运行的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。 【评分细则】 Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, /and only more gradually still 分 was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.分评分要点：词或表达式可接受译法不可接受译法（只出来一词不给分）1. only gradually 只是逐渐地仅毕业生; 渐渐作用2. by-product附属产物 副作用;半成品；其它社会作用;次产品3. was - noted得到重视标注的；期望的；标志；被强调；指明的4. more gradually经过更长时间更多的逐渐方式; 更加成熟；(负产品) 逐渐增多5still更加依然; 仍然整句实例：0分 ：句意混乱，不得分。0.5分：“伴随这些机构而出现的其他社会作用x开始被注意到”，虽句意不确切，但可以得0.5分。1分：前半部分不得分，后一部分可得1分。1.5分：“只有慢慢的，这些组织的副作用才会表现x出来”得0.5分，后半部分得1分。2分：句意正确，表达可接受，得2分。48. While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.【简要分析】本句的考查重点是While引导的让步状语从句及形式主语。it is easy 是形式主语，to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition是实际主语。it is not so easy as in dealing with adults 为平级比较结构。【参考译文】虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。 【评分细则】 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them /the effect of our acts upon their disposition, /0.5分0.5分 it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. 1分 评分要点：词或表达式可接受译法不可接受译法（只出来一词不给分）1. it is easy to ignore 容易忽略轻易地忽视2in our contact with them在与他们（年轻人）的交往中 ;在于他们的联系中 ;在和他们打交道的时候 ;在与他们的交流中在与他们的对比中 ;在于他们的竞争中3. the effect of our acts upon their disposition我们自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响我们的行为对他们定位的影响4.it is not so easy as in dealing with adults在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生对成人来说，这不是如此的简单 这不像与成人交流那样轻松 在对待成年人时，这并不容易整句实例： 0分：句意混乱，不得分。0.5分：“也许忽视我们与他们的接触很容易”不得分；“忽视我们的行动对他们的行为造成的影响很容易”综合得0.5分；后一句不得分。1分：前两部分得1分，后半部分句意不正确，不得分。1.5分：前两部分得1分，后半部分句意不确切，得0.5分。2分：句意正确，表达可接受，得2分。49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.【简要分析】本句属于长句题。本句的考查重点是从句的翻译。Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 是原因状语从句；we cannot help considering 主句；whether or not we are forming the powers为whether引导的宾语从句；which will secure this ability是限定性定语从句。【参考译文】由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。 【评分细则】 Since our chief business with them / is to enable them to share in a common life /0.5分0.5分 we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers / which will secure this ability.0.5分0.5分评分要点：词或表达式可接受译法不可接受译法（只出来一词不给分）1. chief business最重要的事务；主/首要的事情/任务/工作/职责主要的业务 ；主要的商业活动2.to share in a common life在平常/日常/普通生活中（懂得/学会）分享分享一种普通/平凡的生活；享有正常的生活3. forming the powers形成能力形成权力/权利4.secure this ability确保具备这种能力；确保这种能力保持/保护/拥有/保障这种能力整句实例： 0 分：“在普通生活中，我们不能帮人考虑或者我们爱莫能助，因为我们的商品机密是不能被分享的。”句意混乱，不得分。0.5分：“虽然我们和他们互动的主要目的是使他们在普通生活中与别人分享0.5，但我们不确立我们是否能获得这种结果的能力。”此句非让步关系。第1部分不得分；第2部分得0.5分；第3、4部分句意不正确，不得分。1分：第1、2部分各得0.5分，第3、4部分句意错误，不得分。1.5分：第1、2、3部分各得0.5分，第4部分句意错误，不得分。2分：句意正确，表达可接受，得2分。50. We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education - that of direct tuition or schooling.【简要分析】本句的得分重点是插入语和定语从句。We are thus led to distinguish为主句；within the broad educational process为插入语，其中which we have been so far considering是定语从句；a more formal kind of education为主句的宾语；that of direct tuition or schooling是宾语的同位语。【参考译文】这就使得我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式，即直接讲授或学校教育。【评分细则】 We are thus led to distinguish, / within the broad educational process / which we have been so far 0.5分0.5分0.5分considering, / a more formal kind of education- that of direct tuition