GPS模块使用手册.doc_第1页
GPS模块使用手册.doc_第2页
GPS模块使用手册.doc_第3页
GPS模块使用手册.doc_第4页
GPS模块使用手册.doc_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩4页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

GPS模块使用手册一、GPS模块的几个重要指标1.卫星轨迹全球有24颗GPS卫星沿6条轨道绕地球运行(每4个一组),GPS接收模块就是靠接收这些卫星来进行定位的。但一般在地球的同一边不会超过12颗卫星,所以一般选择可以跟踪12颗卫星以下的器件就可以了。当然,所能跟踪的卫星数越多,性能越好。大多数GPS接收器可以追踪812颗卫星。计算2维坐标至少需要3颗卫星,4颗卫星可以计算3维坐标。2.并行通道由于最多可能有12颗卫星是可见的,GPS接收器必须按顺序访问每一颗卫星来获取每颗卫星的信息,所以市面上的GPS接收器大多数是12并行通道型的,这允许它们连续追踪每一颗卫星的信息。12通道接收器的优点包括快速冷启动和初始化卫星的信息,而且在森林地区可以有更好的接收效果。一般12通道接收器不需要外置天线,除非是在封闭的空间,如船舱或车厢中。3.定位时间定位时间是指重启GPS接收器时,确定现在位置所需的时间。对于12通道接收器,冷启动时的定位时间一般为35 min,热启动时为1530 s。4.定位精度普通GPS接收器的水平位置定位精度在510 m内。5.DGPS功能DGPS是一个固定的GPS接收器,用于接收卫星的信号。DGPS可以准确地计算出理论上卫星信号传送到的精确时间,然后将它与实际传送时间相比较,并计算出差值。DGPS将这个差值发送出去,其它GPS接收器就可以利用这个差值得到一个更精确的位置读数(510 m或者更少的误差)。许多GPS设备提供商在一些地区设置了DGPS发送机,供客户免费使用,只要客户所购买的GPS接收器有DGPS功能即可。6.信号干扰要获得一个很好的定位信号,GPS接收器必须至少能接收到35颗卫星。如果是在峡谷中或两边高楼林立的街道上,或者是在茂密的丛林里,有可能接收不到足够的卫星,无法定位或者只能得到二维坐标。同样,如果在一个建筑里面,有可能无法更新位置。一些GPS接收器有单独的天线可以贴在挡风玻璃上,或者将一个外置天线放在车顶上,这有助于接收器收到更多的卫星信号。二、HOLUX M-89 GPS模块特性我们选用的是台湾生产的HOLUX M-89 GPS模块,并为其配备了PCB板,以方便与单片机进行连接,下面与反面如下图所示, HOLUX M-89 GPS接收卫星信号时一般还需要配备天线,如下图所示:HOLUX M-89 GPS模块主要特性如下:产品特征通 道:并行32通道频 率:L1 1575.42MHzC/A码(1.023MHZ码片速率)跟踪灵敏度:-159dB动态性能速 度:515米/秒加速度:4g颠 簸:20米/秒捕获时间重获取时间:0.1秒热启动时间:1秒温启动时间:33秒冷启动时间:36秒精度定位: 10米(2D RMS) 1-5米 (DGPS)速度: 0.1米/秒时间: 1ms数据特性I/O信息:1个全双工串行TTL接口数据传输速率: 480038400 (标准:9600)格式: SiRF二进制和NMEA-0183(v3.01)GGA,GLL,GSA,GSV,RMC,VTGDGPS协议:RTCM SC-104,类型1,2和9脉冲延时: 100ms电气特性输入电压: 3.35VDC后备电源: 直流3V输入电流: 80mA物理特性尺寸: 25.4mm(D)25.4mm(W)3mm(H)重量: 7g环境特性操作温度: -30+85存贮范围: -40+85三、12864显示GPS数据实验1.HOLUX M-89 GPS模块与DD-900实验开发板的连接HOLUX M-89 GPS模块安装在一块PCB板上,板上引出有6针间距为2.54mm的插针,可方便地与顶顶电子开发的DD-900实验开发板进行连接,各插针管脚功能及其与DD-900实验开发板的连接方法如下:1脚:指示灯,通电常亮,接收到卫星开始闪烁,模块板上带有LED灯,实验时可不接。2脚:外部复位输入,模块内部有复位电路,实验时可不接。3脚:模块串口数据输出。接DD-900实验开发板MCU的RXD脚(P30脚)。4脚:模块串口数据输入。接DD-900实验开发板MCU的TXD脚(P31脚)。5脚:GND。接DD-900实验开发板的地端。6脚:电源输入,电压范围:3.3-5V,接DD-900实验开发板的3.3V或5V端。2.GPS源程序实验步骤(1)打开STC下载软件,将“12864液晶屏显示GPS数据C51源程序”中的“GPS_12864.hex”目标文件下载到DD-900实验开发板上。(2)取一只12864液晶显示屏,将其插到DD-900实验开发板上。(3)将GPS模块与天线连接好。(4)找四根杜邦线,将GPS模块与DD-900实验开发板的连接好。断开232与单片机的短接插针。使单片机只能与GPS模块进行通信。(5)打开DD-900实验开发板电源,约几十秒后,在12864液晶屏上即可显示出经度、纬度、时间、海拔高度等信息,如下图所示:以上信息的意思为:东经120度23.7285分,北纬36度17.3538分,时间为15点10分52秒,海拔高度为145.6米。需要注意的是,实验时,要将GPS模块和天线放置在室外,以便接收到卫星信号,另外,GPS启动时需要一定的启动时间,GPS启动后才能接收到并计算出正确的数据。另外,如果你没有采用DD-900实验开发板,而是采用其它实验板,需要将单片机晶振频率设置为11.0592MHz,以保证GPS模块与单片机按照9600的波特率进行通信。四、用串口调试助手查看GPS数据1.GPS模块与DD-900的连接(1)GPS模块通过DD-900实验开发板串口,可以方便地与PC机进行连接,连接方法如下:(2)GPS模块的3脚(模块串口数据输出)接DD-900实验开发板MCU的TXD脚(P31脚),注意,与上个实验不同。(3)GPS模块的4脚(模块串口数据输入)接DD-900实验开发板MCU的RXD脚(P30脚),注意,与上个实验不同。(4)GPS模块5脚(GND)接DD-900实验开发板的地端。(5)GPS模块6脚(电源输入)接DD-900实验开发板的3.3V或5V端。(6)取下DD-900的MCU。2.实验方法 连接完成后,打开顶顶串口调试助手,选择好串口(一般为串口1,如果采用USB转串口,要选择虚拟串口号,本例采用的是USB转串口,虚拟串口号为COM5)。波特率选择为9600,校验位为NINE,数据位为8,停止位为1。以上设置完成后,打开串口,即可在接收窗口中接收到有关的GPS数据,如图所示:五、其它1.GPS模块与PC机的通信模组可以直接采用电平转换电路MAX232,将GPS模块的串口和PC机的串口连接,用串口调试工具和GPS模块调试软件监控模块输出的数据,注意:模块的默认波特率为9600,PC机串口波特率必须设置成9600。如果没有接GPS天线或收不到卫星信号。模组上的LED灯一直常亮,如果收到有效的卫星信号LED开始闪烁。2.GPS的数据协议GPS数据格式支持 NMEA0183 V 3.01 数据协议。格式 NMEA0183 V3.01: GPGGA(1 次1 秒)、GPGSA(1 次5 秒)、GPGSV(1 次5 秒)、GPRMC(1 次1 秒)、GPVTG(1 次1 秒)。下面是调试模组用串口监控到的数据:无卫星状态:$GPGGA,000355.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*44$GPGSA,A,1,*1E$GPGSV,1,1,00*79$GPRMC,000355.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*79$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000356.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*47$GPRMC,000356.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*7A$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000357.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*46$GPRMC,000357.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*7B$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000358.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*49$GPRMC,000358.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*74$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000359.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*48$GPRMC,000359.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*75$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000400.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*43$GPGSA,A,1,*1E$GPGSV,1,1,00*79$GPRMC,000400.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*7E$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000401.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*42$GPRMC,000401.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*7F$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000402.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*41$GPRMC,000402.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*7C$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000403.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*40$GPRMC,000403.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*7D$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000404.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*47$GPRMC,000404.026,V,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0.00,0.00,060180,N*7A$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,N*32$GPGGA,000405.026,8960.0000,N,00000.0000,E,0,0,137.0,M,13.0,M,*46$GPGSA,A,1,*1E有卫星状态:$GPGGA,090113.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6454,E,1,8,1.00,67.6,M,-6.7,M,*78$GPRMC,090113.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6454,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*60$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090114.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6456,E,1,8,1.00,67.7,M,-6.7,M,*7C$GPRMC,090114.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6456,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*65$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090115.000,3958.2846,N,11616.6456,E,1,8,1.00,67.7,M,-6.7,M,*7C$GPRMC,090115.000,A,3958.2846,N,11616.6456,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*65$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090116.000,3958.2846,N,11616.6456,E,1,8,1.00,67.8,M,-6.7,M,*70$GPRMC,090116.000,A,3958.2846,N,11616.6456,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*66$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090117.000,3958.2845,N,11616.6457,E,1,8,1.00,67.8,M,-6.7,M,*73$GPGSA,A,3,29,15,10,18,09,21,24,27,1.28,1.00,0.79*08$GPGSV,3,1,10,24,78,302,38,15,77,207,42,29,36,238,48,10,33,073,24*76$GPGSV,3,2,10,21,29,310,39,08,22,054,18,15,276,42,27,14,167,36*7D$GPGSV,3,3,10,09,05,175,35,40,*45$GPRMC,090117.000,A,3958.2845,N,11616.6457,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*65$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090118.000,3958.2846,N,11616.6457,E,1,8,1.00,67.8,M,-6.7,M,*7F$GPRMC,090118.000,A,3958.2846,N,11616.6457,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*69$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090119.000,3958.2846,N,11616.6458,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,*7C$GPRMC,090119.000,A,3958.2846,N,11616.6458,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*67$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090120.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6459,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,*76$GPRMC,090120.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6459,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*6D$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090121.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6460,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,*7D$GPRMC,090121.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6460,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*66$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090122.000,3958.2847,N,11616.6461,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,*7F$GPGSA,A,3,29,15,10,18,09,21,24,08,27,1.14,0.85,0.77*0D$GPGSV,3,1,10,24,78,302,38,15,77,207,42,29,36,238,48,10,33,073,22*70$GPGSV,3,2,10,21,29,310,39,08,22,054,21,18,15,276,42,27,14,167,36*7E$GPGSV,3,3,10,09,05,175,35,43,*46$GPRMC,090122.000,A,3958.2847,N,11616.6461,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*64$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D$GPGGA,090123.000,3958.2848,N,11616.6462,E,1,9,0.85,67.8,M,-6.7,M,*72$GPRMC,090123.000,A,3958.2848,N,11616.6462,E,0.00,0.00,080110,A*69$GPVTG,0.00,T,M,0.00,N,0.00,K,A*3D2.GPS 语句数据格式GPS模块可以输出多种数据格式输出语句,这样,在源程序中,我们通过对这些输出语句进行解析,就可以得到GPS的定位数据。下面重点介绍GPRMC和GPGGA输出语句:(1)GPRMC输出语句其标准格式为:$GPRMC, ,A*hh 例如:$GPRMC,024813.640,A,3158.4608,N,11848.3737,E,10.05,324.27,150706,A*50 标准定位时间(UTC time)格式:时时分分秒秒.秒秒秒(hhmmss.sss)。 定位状态,A = 数据可用,V = 数据不可用。 纬度,格式:度度分分.分分分分(ddmm.mmmm)。 纬度区分,北半球(N)或南半球(S)。 经度,格式:度度分分.分分分分。 经度区分,东(E)半球或西(W)半球。 相对位移速度, 0.0 至 1851.8 knots(节) 相对位移方向,000.0 至 359.9度。实际值。 日期,格式:日日月月年年(ddmmyy)。 磁偏角,(000 - 180)度,前导位数不足则补0 。 磁偏角方向,E=东W=西。A* 语句结束标志符。hh 从$开始的所

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论