必修5unit3基础知识.docx

Book 5 Unit3 Life in the future基础知识部分 词形变化1. press v. 按；压；逼迫 pressure n. 压, 压力, 2. require v. 需要；要求；命令 requirement n. 需要；要求；命令 重点3. constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的constantly adv.不断地4. previous adj.在前的；早先的previously adv.以前，先前5. uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的certain adj.确定的；确信的；无疑的6. surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n周围的事物；环境surround v. 包围, 围绕7. desert n沙漠；荒原；vt.舍弃；遗弃；离开deserted adj.空寂无人的；荒芜的；被遗弃的8. instant n瞬间；片刻；adj.立即的；立刻的instantly(the instant)一就9. representative n代表；典型人物；adj.典型的；有代表性的represent vt.代表10. settlement n定居；解决settle vt.解决；使镇定，使平静；vi.定居11. motivation n动机motivate vt.激发；激励；促进；成为做事的动机重点词汇1. private adj. 1)私人的；个人的 2)私下的, 保密的;When children grow up, they are eager to get private rooms for themselves. I wish to have a private talk with you. 我想私底下和你谈谈。 Teachers should allow children to have their private opinion.老师应该允许孩子具有自己的观点。 They reached a satisfying agreement after the private discussion.私下讨论后，他们达成令人满意的协议2. settlement n. 1) 定居点C 2)（解决纷争的）协议C 3) 解决，处理U settle v.定居 The Indians often attacked the settlements of the colonist. 印地安人经常袭击殖民者的定居点。The strikers and the employers have reached a settlement over new working conditions. 罢工者已经与顾主就新的工作条件达成了协议。After the settlement of our differences, we became friends. 消除分歧后，我们成了朋友。He settled down as a farmer with a family.他与一家人安顿下来务农 After the death of her husband, she settled her family in Ohio.她丈夫死后，她定居俄亥俄come to a settlement解决; 决定; 和解settle in Canada. 定居加拿大settle down安顿下来：过稳定有序的生活：3. impression n.印；印痕；印记；印象；意念；概念 impress v.留下印象 Your performance gave me a strong impression你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。What I said made no impression on him我的话对他不起作用。impress sthonupon ones mind 把.牢记在心上have an impression of sthdoing sththat.make an impression on sb 给某人留下印象make no impression on 对.无影响效果give sba favorable impression给某人以好印象an impression of sbs foot某人的脚印 I have the impression that we have met once before.我隐约记得我们以前曾经见过面 Whats your impression of him?你对他的印象如何? (他给你的印象怎样?) My father impressed on me the value of hard work.我父亲让我铭记艰苦劳动的价值。4. remind v.提醒；使想起remind sbof sth=remind sbabout. 提醒某人某事； The picture reminds me of my college days这张照片使我想起了大学里的日子。 Remind me to write to father请提醒我给父亲写信。 Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。5. previous adj.先的, 前的; 事前的; 以前的 previous to 在.之前He did better in his previous study.他在预习方面做得好。His previous attempt was successful. Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter. 在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题.Do you have any previous experience of this kind of job?你以前有过这种工作经验吗？Previous to coming here, I prepared all the documents for you.来这里之前,我为你准备了文件.6. lack vt.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺的东西lack sth.(wisdomcommon sensemoney缺乏智慧常识/金钱)be lacking in (couragedetermination to do.) 缺乏做某事的勇气决心athe lack of. .的缺乏for lack of 因缺乏.have no lack of 不缺乏You will not be lacking in support from me. 你将得到我的帮助 I lacked for nothing. 我不需要任何东西 Lack of rest makes her look tired.Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to university He completely lacked conscience She is lacking in responsibility.7. require v.需要；要求；命令 require+ n./ pron. /doing sth./ to do sth/that-clause1) This suggestion will require careful thought. 这建议需要仔细考虑。 2) To carry out this plan would require increasing our staff by 50 执行这-计划需要增加50的人员。 8. assist vt.vi帮助；援助订参与，出席assist sb in/with sth辅助(某人)某事 assist sbin doing sth 辅助(某人)做某事assist sbto do sth 辅助(某人)做某事 assist with 帮助(照料，做)；在.上给予帮助I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity有机会我愿随时帮你。Im afraid I cant assist you，you have to go and see the manager我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free有空时校长帮忙做了很多事。You will be required to assist MrsSmith in preparing a report你将要帮助史密斯夫人准备一份报告。 重点词组1. take up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力、等)；继续This table takes up too much room这张桌子太占地方。 She has taken up a job as a teacher她当上老师了。This chapter takes up where the last one off 本章继续上一章的内容。take off脱掉（衣服等）；起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：take over接管：获得对.的控制或管理take apart拆开：分开后将.分成许多部分 take for把.视作：误认为 take .for granted认为.是理所当然take down写下,记下take back收回(诺言);2.be similar to 与.相似1) His views are similar to mine.他的观点与我的很相似.2) They are similar to each other in appearance.他们在长相上非常相似。be familiar to .对某人来说是熟悉的 be familiar with 某人对.很熟悉 in a similar way以与.相似的方式练习 汉译英1) 如果我们总是以相似的方法去思考,我们几乎不能跳出这个圈子。2) 在经济发展方面,印度和中国很相似。Key: 1) We can hardly escape the circle if we still think in a similar way. 2) India is very similar to China in the development of economy.3.lose sight of/ catch sight of不再看见./ 瞥见.gethave(a)sight of 看见，发现 at(the)sight of 一看见 at first sight 乍一见 out of sight 不被看见，在视线之外 out of sight of 在.看不见的地方 inwithin sight 被见到，在视线内 inwithin sight of在.看得见的地方练习 汉译英 1) 他一直挥手直至火车消失在视线中.2) 尽管忙于家务，那个母亲也能让孩子不走出她的视线。 3) 一看到这幅画,教授就被深深地吸引住了。Keys: 1)He waved until the train was out of sight. 2)Though busy with housework, the mother still can keep her child in sight. 3)At the sight of the painting, the professor was attracted deeply.4.sweep up打扫；横扫sweep aside放堆到一边, 不予理会 sweep away扫清, 迅速消灭, 肃清, 冲走sweep off扫清; 吹走; 大量清除 sweep out扫掉; 清除 sweep over将.一扫而光.重点句子1What problems do you think people in the future will have overcome? 你认为未来的人们将克服什么问题?解释 此句为复杂疑问句，其句式结构为：疑问词+do you think+其余部分(其余部分为陈述语序),do you think 为插入成分。能用于此句型的动词有：think，believe，suppose，imagine，suggest，expect等。典例1)Who do you think is the tallest in your class?你认为在你们班谁最高?2)What do you believe matters when we take up the work?你认为我们从事这项工作什么东西最要紧?3)Who do you suppose will win the game?你认为谁会赢得这比赛?注意1)如果此句型的动词后面的从句里有否定意义，往往要把否定前置。如：I dont think its right to do so我想这样做是不对的。2)该句型变反意疑问句，主句主语是第一人称且是现在时态时，反问部分与从句一致，否则与主句一致。如:I think that he has been to Beijing，hasnt he?He thinks that their team are sure to win the game，doesnt he?练习 汉译英1)你觉得我们什么时候见面好?_2)我想他们马上就到._Keys: 1)when do you think is convenient for us to have a meeting?2)I believe they will arrive shortly. 2. This is similar to the jet lag you get when flying, .这与你在飞行过程中的时差反应是相类似的。解释 When flying是when you are flying的省略形式。在有些表时间、条件、方式或让步的从句中，如果谓语包含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，就常常可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略。典例1) When asked wheres the toilet, the waitress showed the way politely to the guest.当被问及厕所在哪时，服务员非常有礼貌地给客人带路。2) Until finishing the homework, the child was allowed to watch the cartoon film.直至完成作业，小孩才允许看卡通片。3) If necessary, you can call help from the police.有必要时，你可以求助警察局。练习 汉译英1) 即使被打致死，他依然保守秘密。_2）可能的话，到机场来接我。_3）过马路时，孩子们被要求停下观望再手牵手通过。_Keys: 1) Though beaten to death, he still kept the secret. 2) If possible, please come to meet me at the airport. 3) When crossing the road, the children are required to stop to look around and walk hand in hand.ly, he worked hard to earn as much money as possible.课文要点（模块）课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：注意分词的用法：Li Qiang took up a prize 1 he won last year and traveled to the 2 AD 3008. Although he 3 （遭受）time lag，he was transported 4 (safe) into the future in a time capsule. 5 (混淆) by the new 6 （环境）, he was hit by a lack of fresh air and his head ached. He had to put on a mask to get enough oxygen. Then he flew behind Wang Ping in a hovering carriage. 7 (arrive) at Wang Ping s home, Li Qiang 8 (show) into a large room with a wall 9 （make）of trees, a brown floor and soft lighting. 10 (exhaust), Li Qiang slid into bed and fell fast asleep.答案：1. that 2. year 3. suffered from 4. safely 5. Confused 6. surroundings 7. Arriving 8. was shown 9. made 10. Exhausted课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语。本文显示了李强对未来公元3008生活的印象，和他如何被安全的运到未来世界，如何使用新的装置抵达汪平家的以及他在那儿所见所为。The passage shows _答案： The passage shows Li Qiangs impressions of the future life in AD 3008 and how he was transported safely into the future and how he used the new equipments to get to Wang Pings home . And what he saw and did there.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1 【原句】The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, which made us sleepy, our eyes closed