高中英语语法被动语态详解课件 PPT课件.ppt

被动语态,PassiveVoice,Warmingup,LoveToBeLovedByYou是一首旋律优美的英文歌曲，演唱者是美国流行歌手马克特伦茨（MarcTerenzi）。2005年，Marc与德国歌手莎拉寇娜（SarahConnor）结婚时，将这首歌作为爱的礼物献给妻子。,Task1Filltheblankbythesong,Baby,tellmehowcanItellyouThatIyoumorethanlifeShowmehowcanIshowyouThatImbyyourlightWhenyoutouchmeIcantouchyouTofindoutthedreamistrueItobelovedIneedtobeItobebyyou,love,blinded,love,loved,love,loved,Summary:主动or被动？,主动,被动,ThatIloveyoumorethanlifeThatImblindedbyyourlightIlovetobelovedIneedtobelovedIlovetobelovedbyyou,(一)语态分类,(六)总结：被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化,(四)常见的八种时态中的被动语态,(五)含有情态动词的被动语态：,(二)被动语态的使用,(三)主动语态变被动语态的方法,(一)语态分类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。,被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般过去将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：过去完成时：将来完成时：过去将来完成时：注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。,am/is/are+donewas/were+doneshall/will+bedoneshould/would+bedoneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+being+donehave/has+been+donehad+been+doneshall/will+havebeen+doneshould/would+havebeen+done,常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesntallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.,.Ifhe_enoughtime,hewillcomeupwithanidea.A.givesB.willgiveC.isgivenD.willbegiven.Anewfilmisgoingto_thisSunday.A.showB.showingC.beshownD.beshowing,summary,主动语态S（主语）+v(动词),S(主语)+am/is/are+过去分词(done),一般现在时(simplepresent)：,Task3GroupWork,1一般过去时：一般将来时:情态动词:,?,S+was/were+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+can/may/must/shoud+be+P.P.,(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态2.一般过去时：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidntforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.,(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态3.一般将来时：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.,.Ipromisethatthematterwill_.(NMET)A.betadencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof析：takecareof是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。,(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态4.过去将来时：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.,(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态5.现在进行时：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.,.Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?Notyet.Wevebeentoldthatthepapers_.A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarkedC.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked此题答案应为B。,.Wecantusethebridgenow,becauseit_.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired,(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态6.过去进行时：(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.,(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态7.现在完成时：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.,2019/12/16,21,可编辑,(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态8.过去完成时：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.,Alotofnewroads_builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have.Hiscar_tomorrow.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired,(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.,Askandanswer,watereverydayathomemygrandma,A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.,A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.,A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.,A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.,A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.,A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.,A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.,A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.,A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.,A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.,A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.,A:Whenaretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.,A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.,WhenWhereWho,sweeponweekendsinthekitchenmymother,Whenwherewho,(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法,Iboughtacomputerlastterm,Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.,宾(受动者),主,谓,Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.,Task4,语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.,保留宾语,注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.,3.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.,6.并不是所有动词都有被动语态1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：误GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.正GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.,2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：误Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.正Thedoorhasopenedofitself.,8.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.,9.一些特殊动词,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。如：,Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?,10.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说Itissaidthat据报导Itisreportedthat据推测Itissupposedthat希望Iti