第五部分 补全短文.doc

第五部分 补全短文 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。第一篇 Weight Worries May Start Early for Slim Women There is a range of reasons why thin women think theyre too heavy，but the distorted body image may often have its roots in chilmloodthe results of a new study suggest ReSearchers found that among more than 2，400 thin women they surveyed，nearly 10 percent thought they were too heavy_1_ According to the study authors，1ed by DrSusanne Kruger Kjaer of the Danish Cancer Society，Copenhagen，societys “ideal”female body is moving toward an underweight physique_2_ To investigate body image among thin women，the researchers gave questionnaires to 2,443 women ages 27 to 38 whose body mass index was at the low end of normal_3_。 Overall，almost 10 percent of the women thought they Were too heavyThose who reported certain“severe life events”in childhood or adolescence，such as having a parent become ill orhaving their educational hopes dashed，were more likely than others to have a distorted body image_4_ In contrast，traumatic events in adulthood，such as serious illness or significant marital problems，were not related to poor body image，也e researchers report_5_词汇：distort vt扭曲，歪曲Danish adj.丹麦的underweight adj.重量不足的physique n体形 questionnaire n.调查表dash vt.使(希望、计划等)破灭，挫败traumatic adj使人不快的，令人痛苦而难忘的adulthood n成年marital adj婚姻的；夫妇间的注释：1a range of reasons：一系列原因2body mass index：体质指数3at the low end of normal：正常值的下限4The same was true of：也同样如此练习： A The same was true ofwomen who started having sex or drinking alcohol when they were younger than 1 5 years oldB Experiences in childhood，including having an ill parent，or starting to drink or have sex at a particularly young age，were among the risk factors for having a distorted body imageC “Our results indicate that the risk of being dissatisfied with(ones)own body weight may be established early in life，”Kjaer and her colleagues writeD Research suggests that many normalweight wome1 wish to weigh lessE If worries have altered your appetite or weight，it will help to talk to someone about it。F The women were asked about factors ranging from childhood experiences to current exercise habits答案与题解：1B文章的第一段已经提到，使身体瘦削的女性自认为身体肥胖的原因有很多，但一项新的研究表明，对身体形象所存有的不正确的态度有可能与儿时的经历有关。文章的第二段是对第一段内容的进一步展开与细化。 2D本空的前一句讲到，体重不达标逐渐被普遍视为“理想的”女性身材。因此，“研究者指出，许多体重正常的女性希望体重再轻些”作为接下来的一句是十分合适的。3F本空之前的一句提到，调查是以问卷形式进行的。因此，接下来的一句应涉及问卷的内容。4A文章的第二段已经提到，对身体形象存有不正确的态度是与儿时的经历有关的；其中包括：父亲或者母亲生病，或是年幼时便开始酗酒或是过性生活。空格之前的一句提到了儿时经历父亲或是母亲生病，接下来的句子肯定涉及年幼时便开始酗酒或是过性生活的经历。5C文章的最后一句是对研究结果的重述。第二篇 Bedwetting Millions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single nightIts so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do itMost kids dont tell their friends，SO itS easy to feel kind of alone，like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed_1_ The fancy name for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families.This means that if you urinate，or pee，while you are asleep，thereS a good ch，ance that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid_2_ The most important thing to remember is that no one wets the bed on purposeIt doesnt mean that youre lazy or a slob_3_ For some reason，kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladder is full and dont wake up to pee in the toiletSometimes akid who wets the bed will have a realistic dream that hes in the bathroom peeingonly to wake up later and discover hes all wet. Many kids who wet the bed are very deep sleepers._4_ Some kids who wet the bed do it every single nightOthers wet some nights and are dry on othersA lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friendS or a relatives house_5_ So the brain may be thinking，“Hey，you!Dont wet someone elses bed!” This can help you stay dry even if youre not aware of it词汇：bedwetting n尿床nocturnal adj.夜间发生的enuresis n遗尿urinate vi排尿，撒尿，小便pee vi撒尿，小便mom n. 妈妈slob n衣冠不整举止粗鲁的人bladder n膀胱log n原木注释：1kind of：有点儿，有几分2Enuresis runs沁families遗尿在一些家族中世代相传。3Just like you may have inherited your moms blue eyes or your uncleS long legs，you probably inherited bedwetting，too正如你那双蓝眼睛有可能遗传自你的母亲，或是你那两条长腿遗传自你的叔叔，你尿床也可能是遗传所致。4on purpose：故意地 5It，s something you cant help doing这是件身不由己的事情。6Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic dream that heS in the bathroom peelngonlv to wake up later and discover hes all wet有时尿床的孩子会梦见自己真的在卫生间撒尿，只是等醒来时才发现自己已经湿透了。 7That，s because kids who，are anxious about wetting the bed may not sleep much or only very lightly这是因为他们因担心尿床而睡得不多或是睡得不熟。练习： A The good news is that almost all kids who wet the bed eventually stop. B Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a logthey Just stay asleep C It，s something you cant help doing D Just like vOu may have inherited your moms blue eyes or your uncles long legs，you probably inherited bedwetting，too E That，s because kids who are anxious about wetting the bed may not sleep much or only very lightlyF But you are not alone答案与题解:1.F 文章一段主要讲全世界每晚尿床的孩享不计其数,但大多数孩子对自己尿床的事儿都闭口不言。因此你要是尿床的话，很容易感到你是独自一人，好像全世界只有你一个人尿,但事实并非如此.2D此段主要讲尿床在家族中遗传，也就是说，如果你有尿床的毛病，很可能你的近亲近人中小的时候也尿床。因此说尿床是遗传所致。3C此句之前的两句话已经说明没有人会故意尿床，可见这是一件身不由己的事情。4B前一句讲，许多尿床的孩子都睡得很沉，因此接下来自然要说想叫醒爱尿床的孩子是件很难的事.5E前一句讲，许多尿床的孩子说，在朋友或者亲戚家中过夜时，他们似乎不会尿床，接下来就应该讲明其原因。 第三篇 What Makes Me the Weight I Am? There，s no easy answer to this questionYour genetic makeup，the physical traits that get passed down to you from your parents，plays a big part in determining your size and weight. _1_But if your parents are smaller than average，you may want to rethink that professional basketball careerI. The same goes for your body typeHave you ever heard someone say a person is “big boned”? Its a way of saying the person has a large frame，or skeletonBig bones usually weighmore than small bones_2_ Like your height or body typeyour genes have a lot to say about what your weight will be. But that，s Onlv part of the storyBeing overweight Can run in someones family，but it may not be because of their genes_3_And even though some kids gain weight more easily than otherswhen they eat right and exercise，most kids can be a healthy and happy weight thats fight for themItS truethe way you live Can change the way you look How much you Weigh is a balance between the calories you eat and thecalories you use_4_If y00 spend your free time watching TV,your body wont use as many calories as itplayed basketball，skated，or went for a walkIf you are in balance，your weight will stay right for you as you grow.But if you eat more and exercise less，you may become overweight_5_词汇：genetic adj遗传(性)的；基因的makeup n组成；构造trait n特征，特点，特性rethink vi再想，重新思考professional adj.职业的，专业的skeleton n骨骼overweight adj超重的；过重的calorie n卡路里(热量单位)skate vi.滑冰注释:1get passed down：被遗传下来2But if your parents are smaller than average，you may want tO rethink that professional basketball career !但皂如果你的父母比一般人的个头矮小的话，你也许会重新考虑是否还要当职业篮球运动员。 3The same goes for your body type你的体型也是如此。4big boned：骨骼大的，宽肩膀的 5That，s whv it，s possible for two kids with the same height，but different weights，to both be the right weight正因为这样，两个身高相同、体重不同的孩子却有可能体重均正常。6have a lot to say：起很大作用7 Being overweight can run in someones family，but it may not be because of their genes身体超重有可能在家族中代代相传，但这也许并非基因所致。8lose weight：体重减轻，变瘦练习:A That，s whv its possible for two kids with the same height，but different weights，to both be the right weightB Ifyou eat more calories than your body needs to use，you will gain too much weightC Poor eating and exercise habits also run in families and this may be the reason the members of a family are overweight.D Howevermany overweight people have difficulty reaching their healthy body weight.E On the other hand，if you eat less and exercise more，you may lose weightF If both your parents are tall，there is a good chance youll be tall答案与题解:表明，一个人的基因栖舭I】父母遗传给他的身体1.F文章开头表明，一个人的基因构成，即父母遗传给他的身体特特征，很大程度上决定了他的身高和体重。接下来的句子应是对此论点的具体阐释：说明父母高矮与你的关系.2A前两句表明，人的骨骼有大小之分，而大骨骼通常比小骨骼要重，因此才有可能出现这种现象，即身高相同、体重不同的两个孩子体重均正常。3C 前一句讲，身体超重有可能在家族中代代相传，但又不是基因遗传所致，接下来的句子就应说明其原因，即不良的饮食习惯与运动习惯也代代相传，而这正可能是家族成员普遍超重的原因.4. B前一句讲,一个人的体重体现的是所摄入热量与所消耗热量之间的平衡。由此可以推断，摄人的热量如果超过了身体的需要，就会超重。5E前一句表明，如果一个人吃得多而运动得少，就有可能超重l。“反之亦然”，即“吃得少而运动得多，体重就会减轻”，这显然应该是下一句所表达的意思。 第四篇How One Simple Movement Can Let Slip the Secrets of the Mind Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all!It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 per cent of what we really mean while words themselves only express 7 per centSo，while your mouth is closed，just what is your body saying. Arms_1_ If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back，this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way_2_ If someone upsets you，just cross your arms to show youre unhappy! HeadWhen you want to appear confident，keep your head levelIf you are monitor in class，you Can aIsotake 0n this position when you want your words to be taken seriously_3_ LegsYour legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling liesIf you are at interviews，try to keep them still! PostureA good posture makes you feel better about yourself_4_ This makes breathing more difficult，which in turn Can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable MouthWhen you are thinking，you often purse your lipsYou might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you dont wish to show_5_词汇：confident adj.自信的posture n姿势purse vt皱缩；皱拢inwards adv向内outgoing adj.开朗的receptive adj善于接受的；能接纳的注释：1body language：身势语，一个人用来与他人达到非言语交流的手势、体态或面部表情。2take on：(1)接受，承担。例如：She took too much on and made herself i11(2)具有，呈现(某种性质、特征等)。例如：Her face took on a haunted quality 3come sb.s way：被某人碰到。例如：If a chance of travelling abroad came Johns wayhe would be delighted4might：用以提出建议或客气地指出一种可能性。例如：I thought you might like to join me for dinner 5down：形容词，意为“情绪低落的”、“沮丧的”。例如：He is feeling down today练习：A If you are feeling down。，you normally dont sit straight，with your shoulders inwardsB If you are pleasedyou usually open your eyes wide and people can noticethisC Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements，while quieter people keep them close to their bodies D How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meetE However，it will probably still be noticed，and people will know youre not pleasedF However，to be friendly in listening or speaking，you must move your head a little to one side答案与题解： 1D本段讲的是手臂的动作。已知的两个句子是对手臂在具体情况下具体动作的描述。从所处的位置上看，用以补充的句子应该是对手臂动作的概括性描述。D符合条件。 2C这个位置的前后两个句子都是对手臂在具体情况下具体动作的描述。用以补充的句子也应该如此。c讲的是开朗的人和沉默寡言的人手臂的动作，符合条件。 3F本段前两句讲在哪种情况下不能歪头。F讲的是应该歪一点头的情况，恰好与前面构成对比。4A本段讲身体姿势。填充句后一个句子提到This(这)会使呼吸更加困难，This显然指的是一种不太好的身体姿势，A与此相吻合。 5E本段讲嘴的动作。填充句的上一个句子谈到，如果想要抑制自己，使自己不发火，可以将嘴唇收拢。但事实上，这样做别人仍能看出你不高兴，也就是E的内容。 第五篇 Chest Compressions：Most Important 0f CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitationor CPR，can save the life of someone whose heart has stoppedThe condition is called cardiac arrest。The heart stops pumping bloodThe person stops breathingWithout lifesaving measm：esthe brain starts to die wimin four to six minutesCPR combines breathing into the victimS mouth and repeated presses on the chest_1_ However，a new Japanese study questions the usefulness of mouthtomouth breathingThe study was published in the British medical magazine，The Lancet。Doctors in Tokyo led theresearchIt examined more than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrestIn all the cases，witnesses saw the event happen More than one thousand of the victims received some kind of medical assistance from witnessesSeven hundred and twelve received CPRFour hundred and thirtynine received chest presses only_2_The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of the patients survivalBut，they said those people treated with only chest presses suffered less brain damageTwenty-two percent survived with good brain ability_3_The American Heart Association。changed its guidelines for CPR chest presses in 2005_4_Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in TucsonHe wrote a report that appeared with the studyDoctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed againHe said the heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelinesHe argues that more witnesses to cardiac arrests wouldprovide treatment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPRHe says this would save lives_5_ Cardiac arrest kills more than 300000 people in the United States every yearThe American Heart Association says about ninetyfive percent of victims die before they get to a medical center词汇：chest n.胸，胸廓 compression n压迫；JJn压pump n泵；vt压出lifesaving adj救生的；n救生(法)press vt&n压，按Tokyo n东京(日本)Witness n目击者，证人；秽见证，作证Rescue vt&n救援，营救Guildline n方针，准则注释：1CPR(cardiopulmanory resuscitation)：心肺复苏(术)2cardiac(ka：dIek)arrest(=heart arrest)：心动停止，心搏停止3The Lancet：柳叶刀(英国一家外科学杂志的名称，lancet原义是一种外科手术刀的名称)4American Heart Association(AHA：美国心脏协会)练习：A So far,we have not known exactly yet whether mouth-tomouth breathing is really useless in CPRB Only ten percent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain abilityC CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brainD His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-mouth breathing on a stranger for fear of getting a diseaseE It said people should increase the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths givenF No mouthtomouth rescue breaths were given tQ them答案与题解：1C本空白处的前一句是介绍CPR是什么，而六个选项中，C项也是介绍CPR的，因此放在一起是恰当的。2F本空白处的前一句说“439位病人仅仅接受了胸腔按压”，而第一段说过，“CPR包括胸部按压和口对口呼吸”，可见F项说“没做口对口呼吸的急救措施是补充说明前一句的。 3B本空白处的前面两句说到，只用胸部按压抢救过来的人大脑受损比较小，存活下来的人中有22大脑功能良好，接下来这一句肯定是要与传统的两种方法结合的抢救模式作对比，选项B正好是这样的内容。4E本空白处的前一句是说美国心脏协会于2005年修改了CPR中胸部按压的指导准则，空白处的后面又没有提到如何修改，选项E正好填补了这个内容。而且还要注意，选项E中的，It said只能适用于American Heart Association，其他空白处均不合适。5D 这一段都是叙述心脏疾病医生Gordon Ewy的观点，在其他地方都没有提到他，选项D实际上已经为我们提供了答题的线索，内容也能前后衔接。 第六篇 Why Do people Shrink? Did you ever see the movie Honey,I Shrunk the kids? Its about a wacky dad(whos also a scientist、who accidentally shrinks his kids with his homemade miniaturizing inventionOops!_1 For older people，shrinking isnt that dramatic or sudden at a11It takes place over years and may add up to only an，inch or so off of their adult height2(maybe a little more，maybe less)And this kind of shrinking cant be magically reversed，although there are things that can be done to stop it or slow it down_2 There are a few reasonsAs people get older，they generally lose some muscle and fat from their bodies as part of the natural aging processGravity(the force that keeps your feet on the ground)takes hold，and the bones in the spine，called vertebrae，may break down。or degenerate，and start to collapse into one another. _3_ But perhaps the most common reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis Osteoporosis occurs when too much spongy bone tissue(which is found inside of most bones) is broken down and not enough new bone material is made_4_Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injuredOlder peopleespecially women，who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with 一are more likely to develop osteoporosisAs years go by，a person with osteoporosis shrinks a little bit Did you know that every day you do a shrinking act。too?You arent as tall at the end of the day as you ate at the beginningThats because as the day goes on，water in the disks of the spine gets compressed(squeezed)due to gravity，making you just a tiny bit shorterDont worry，though_5_词汇：shrink v萎缩；缩小；使缩小wacky adj古怪的；疯了似的accidentally adv意外地oops int哎哟magically adv魔术般地muscle n肌肉spine n脊椎gravity n地心引力，重力vertebra n椎骨degenerate vi.退化osteoporosis n骨质疏松spongy adj松软的，不结实的disk n盘，板compress v.压缩；浓缩注释：1The kids spend the rest of the movie as tiny people who ale barely visible while trying to get back to theii；normal size这部电影接下来讲的就是这些小得几乎看不见的孩子们设法恢复原来身高的故事。 2an inch or so off of their adult height：比他们是成年人时的高度缩小一英寸左右3take hold：生根；固定；确立下来；紧抓不放4break down：损坏，坏掉，出毛病 5collapse into one another：萎缩在一起 6end up：结束，告终 7to begin with：原先，本来 练习：A They end up。pressing closer together，which makeS a person lose a little height and become shorter B Once you get a good nightS rest，your body recovers，and the next morning，youre standing tall again!C Over time，bone is said to be lost because itS not being replacedD Luck