初中英语特殊句式归纳.doc

.特殊句式一、概说 特殊句式包含倒装、强调句型、反意疑问句等。 二、部分倒装 即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有：1.含否定意义的词(如never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：Hardly had she begun speaking when there was a knock on the door. 她刚开始说话就听到了敲门声。Little do we know his life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。2.only加状语（副词/介词短语/从句）放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。如： Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时他才知道出了什么事。3.so (neither, nor)表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so (neither, nor) + 助动词 + 主语”这样的倒装句式。如： He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。He didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。She is very beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很漂亮，她妈妈年轻时也很漂亮。4.当虚拟条件句含有were, should, had时，可省略if, 将were，should, had置干句首。如： Were I Tom(= If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝。Had I realized that(= If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点，我可能会采取某种行动。5.so. that结构中，将SO + adj. (adv. )置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序。如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好待在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。三、完全倒装 即将谓语移到主语前。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有：1.以here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头的句子，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。Then came a new difficulty. 然后又产生了一个新的困难。The door opened and in came Mr Li. 门开了，李先生走了进来。注：若主语为代词，则不用完全倒装。如：The door opened and in she came. 门开了，她走了进来。2.将表语和地点状语（多为介词短语）置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒装语序。如： Among them was my friend Jim. 他们当中就有我的朋友吉姆。Around the lake are some tall trees. 湖的四周有些高树。注：在表语置于句首的倒装结中，要注意其中的谓语动词的数应与其后主语的数保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。四、it的基本用法 it的基本用法包括：指事物，指动物或婴儿，指上文提到的情况，指身份不明的人，指时间、距离、环境、天气等自然现象，笼统地谈论某情况等。如：Its still raining. 还在下雨。Its two miles to the beach. 到海边有两英里。It was very quiet in the cafe. 咖啡馆里很安静。They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子，很可爱。Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人来过。但我们不知道是谁。五、用作形式主语或形式宾语 1.形式主语：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如： Did it take you such a long time to recite this short passage? 你背诵这么一小段文章花了这么长时间？Its no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用了。Its not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。2.形式宾语：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如： I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。They havent made it known where they are to hold the conference. 他们还没宣布会议在哪里召开。六、几种特殊用法的it 1.enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后接if从句或when从句通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如： She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。I hate it if you say such things in public. 我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。2.用于以下特殊句型中： It doesnt matter (if). 没关系It seems (appears) that (as if). （看起来）似乎It happens that. 碰巧Its. since. 自以来有多久了。七、强调句型 1.强调句的基本结构：It + be + 被强调成分 + that(who)。如： It was in the office that he was arrested. 他就是在这间办公室被捕的。It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。注：当强调人时，可用who代替其中的that, 但当强调时间和地点时，不能用when和where代替that。2.被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如 ：It is he who is late .就是他迟到了。 It is they that were late .是他们迟到了。八、祈使句 1.祈使句主要用于提出请求，发出邀请，给予指示、忠告或警告，也可用于发出命令等。 2.祈使句的特点是：一般不出现主语(you)，但有时为了指明向谁发出请求或命令，也可以说出主语；谓语动词一律用原形；否定式一律在动词前面加dont。如： Come this way, madam. 这边走，夫人。Dont lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。Someone fetch a pail of water. 谁去打一桶水来。九、感叹句 感叹句的基本结构特点是：What + a(n)+adj + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 动词）! What + adj. + 不可数名词或复数可数名词！How + adj. (adv. )（+ 主语 + 动词）! How + adj. + a(n) + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 动词）! 如：What a lovely day it is! 多好的天气！What a good heart you have! 你的心真好！What interesting stories hes told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣！How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明！How clever a boy he is! 他这孩子真聪明！十、反意疑问句 反意疑问句的涉及面很广，可能涉及的考点有：1.若陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, nothing, nowhere等否定词或半否定词，其反意疑问部分要用肯定式。如： Dick rarely got drunk, did he? 迪克很少喝醉，是吗？He seldom comes to see you, does he? 他很少来看你，是吗？但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，反意疑问部分仍用否定式。如：It is unfair，isnt it? 这不公平，不是吗？It is impossible, isnt it? 那是不可能的，不是吗？2.若陈述部分的主语为somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, nobody, no one等复合不定代词，其反意疑问部分的主语在正式文体中用he，在口语或非正式文体中通常用they。如： Nobody was hurt, were they? 没有一个人受伤，是吗？当陈述部分的主语是something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，其反意疑问部分的主语要用it。如：Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的，是吗？Everything was going well, wasnt it? 一切都很顺利，不是吗？3.若陈述部分含有动词have, 则应注意：若为助动词，反意疑问部分也用have; 若表示“所有”，反意疑问部分可以用have，也可以用do; 若表示“吃”、“玩”等意思，反意疑问部分要用do, 不能用have; 若用于have to，则通常用助动词do的形式，不过有时也可用have（尤其是表示特定行为时）。如： He has a lot of money, hasnt doesnt he? 他有许多钱，不是吗？He doesnt have any money, does he? 他没有钱，是吗？He has supper at five, doesnt he? 他5点吃晚餐，是吗？He often has to get up early, doesnt he? 他经常要早起，是吗？4.若陈述部分含有情态动词，则情况比较复杂：在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，反意疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词；若含有must, 则反意疑问部分可能用mustnt或neednt （表示“必须”或“有必要”时），也可能根据must后的动词形式来确定（当must表示推测时）。如： The boy can read and write, cant he? 这男孩会读写，是吗？You must leave at once, mustnt neednt you? 你必须（有必要）马上离开，是吗？He must be tired, isnt he? 他一定累了，是吗？He must have read it, hasnt didnt he? 他一定读过，是吗？5.若陈述部分为祈使句，则其反意疑问部分通常用will you, wont you, would you等，但若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问部分只用will you。如： Try to be back by two, wont you? 尽量两点之前回来，好吗？Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 别忘了寄信，好吗？注：当祈使句为Lets时，反意疑问部分要用shall we，但是当祈使句为Let us. 时，则要分两种情况：即表示请求时，反意疑问部分用will you; 表示建议时，反意疑问句用shall we。如：Lets phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话，好吗？Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗？Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳，好吗？6.若陈述部分为主从复合句，其反意疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致，但陈述部分为I think (believe, suppose, etc. ) that时，反意疑问部分通常与从句保持一致（注意否定的转移）。如： She said that I did it, didnt she? 她说是我干的，是吗？I think that he is wrong, isnt he? 我认为他错了，是吗（他错了吗）? I dont suppose he will come, will he? 我想他不会来了，是吗？7.几种特殊情况的反意疑问句：若陈述部分是Im. ，反意疑问句通常用arent I；若陈述部分是I wish. ，则反意疑问部分通常用may I。如： Im older than you, arent I? 我年纪比你大，对不对？I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去，可以吗？诊断测试( )1. Look ! _. A Here the bus comes B Here comes the bus C Comes here the bus D The bus comes here( ) 2. _ expensive the trousers are! A What B What a C How D What an( )3. -Dont forget to turn off the light when you leave. -Dont worry. I_. A dont B wont C cant D havent( )4. My mother can hardly ride a bike , and _. A so cant my father B cant my father either C my father cant too D neither can my father( )5 Its sundy today .Lets go and climb the hill, _? A wont we B will you C dont we D shall we( )6 -Sorry , Im late for the meeting . -_ dont matter this time . Please come earlier next time。 A this B that C It D One( ) 7 _ was important for Tom to pass the exam. A It B He C This D That( )8 _great day October 1, 2009 was! A How a B What a C How D What( )9 - You found your keys in the office , didnt you . -No , It was _I found them . A in the classroom B in the classroom that C in the classroom where D the classroom where ( )10 Youve dropped your mobile phon ._please. A Pick up it B Pick it up C Take up it D Bring it up经典真题（ ）1 -I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday . -_, and _ . A So she did ; so did I B So did she ; so I did C So she was ;so I was D So was she ; so I was（ ）2 -Two Evening Papers , please !-Only one copy left . Would you like _, sir? A one B it C this D that ( )3 Mary got good grades in school . _ excited she is ! A What B What a C How D How a( ) 4 _sleep too late . Its bad for your health . A Do B Not C Dont D Please not ( )5 Email is very popular today . People seldom write letters now ,_ ? A did they B do they C didnt they D dont they ( ) 6 Our hometown is more beautiful than before , _-? A isnt it B is it C doesnt it D does it ( ) 7 -Millions of people know about Susan now , _? -_ , she becomes well-known because of her success on Britains Got Talent .A do they ; No B do they ; Yes C dont they ; Yes D dont they ; Yes 8 Dont forget to put the book back on the shelf ,_? A do you B dont you C will you D wont you9 You havent been to Beijing , have you ? - _ . How I wish to go there。 A Yes , I have B No , I havent C Yes I havent D No , I have 10 I dont think he can drive a car ,_? A do you B can he C cant he D dont you11 It was at the bus stop _he gave me the dictionary yesterday. A that B what C which D when 12 Marys mother often tells her that she should keep her room tidy , but _dont help . A he B which C she D it13 -You wont leave the baby at home alone , will you ? -_