人教版高中英语选修7第2单元第2课时language points PPT课件.ppt

Languagepoints,Doyouthinkitispossibleforarobottohaveitsownneedsanddesires?(P10)你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求吗？desirevt.渴望，希望，要求n.愿望，要求，欲望，向往的东西desiresth.=haveadesireforsth.渴望得到某事desiretodosth.=haveadesiretodo希望/渴望做某物,desiresb.todosth.=desirethatsb.(should)do希望某人做某事(have)thedesireforsth./todosth.渴望得到某事/希望做某事meet/satisfyonesdesire满足某人的愿望atonesdesire照某人的希望,Wealldesirehappinessandhealth.我们都希望幸福健康。Everyonehasadesireforsuccess,butnoteveryonedesirestogetrich.每个人都渴望成功,但并非人人都渴望有钱。Hedesiresyoutogotoseehimatonce.=Hedesiresthatyou(should)gotoseehimatonce.他要求你马上去见他。,desire/wish/hope/expect/wantdesire强调主观愿望的热切性，含有“强烈希望做或得到某物”，用于正式场合或文章中。hope表示实现的可能较大的希望。want表示想要。expect侧重表示“期待,预期,指望”。,表示“希望做某事/得到某物”有多种表达：desire(for)sth./todosthhopeforsth./todosthwishforsth./todosthwantsth./todosthexpectsth./todosthwant/wish/expectsb.todosth.(但不能用hope)希望某人做某事,2.testoutsth.=putsth.tothetest对新试做的物品或新产生的理论进行“试用”或“检验考验”,检验其试用的程度或有效性,以便加以改进。e.g.Theirtheoryisgoingtobetestedout.,3.Clairedidntwanttherobotinherhouse,especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeabsentforthreeweeks,butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldntharmherorallowhertobeharmed.克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里,特别是在她丈夫离家三周的这个期间。但是克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说,机器人不会伤害她,也不会让别人来伤害她。,点拨该句是一个由but连接的并列句。第一个分句包含一个as引导的原因状语从句,说明克莱尔不愿让机器人留在家里的原因;but之后的句子的主干为Larrypersuadedher。persuade后面是双宾语:her充当间接宾语,that引导的宾语从句充当直接宾语。还要注意在该宾语从句中的not.or.的意思是“既不也不”。,辨析:especially和speciallyespeciallyadv.强调尤其、特别地、格外地speciallyadv.强调专门地、特意地Iboughtapresentspeciallyforyou.Theringisofespecialimportancetotheirmarriage.,1)especiallyadv.inparticular特别地Ilovethecountry,especiallyinsummer.,2)absentadj.缺席的,不在场的(+from)Threemembersoftheclasswereabsentthismorning.今天早晨该班有三人缺席。Heisabsentonbusiness.他因事缺席。HeisabsentfromHongKong.他不在香港。,缺少的,不存在的Snowisabsentinhiscountry.他的国家不下雪。茫茫然的,心不在焉的Helookedatmeinanabsentway.他茫然地望着我。Hehadanabsentlookonhisface.他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。,vt.不在;缺席Whydidyouabsentyourselffromschoolyesterday?昨天你为何不到校？absent的反义词是present出席的,在场的Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting?到会的有多少人?,3)persuadesb.todosth.=odoingsth.说服某人做某事persuade若用于过去式，是指劝说成功,若劝说不成功，就不应用persuaded，而应用triedtopersuade或advised.,Shetriedtopersuade/advisedhishusbandtogiveupsmoking,butfailed.她曾劝说她丈夫戒烟,但失败了。,Hewaspersuadedtogiveupsmokingatlast.他最终被说服戒烟了4.alarmn.警报，惊慌Thefirecausedmuchalarm.火灾引起很大的恐慌相关短语：givethealarmto发警报给.takealarmat对.感到吃惊afirealarm火警afalsealarm虚惊一场,vt.使警觉,使惊慌Idontwanttoalarmyou,butthereisastrangemaninyourgarden.我不想吓唬你,不过你花园里有个陌生人。相关短语：bealarmedat被吓了一跳Iwasalarmedathisenteringthehome.bealarmedfor对放心不下Iwasalarmedforhersafety.,5.Hiswastallandhandsomewithsmoothhairandadeepvoice.他的头发又黑又滑，声音低沉浑厚。smoothadj.平坦的，平滑的，顺利的vt.使光滑、平坦或顺利haveasmoothtemper性格温和Thecourseoftrueloveneverdidrunsmooth.好事多磨。,smoothaway/overdifficulties/problems.排除/解决困难等smooththewayfor.为铺平道路/排除障碍6.Shefeltembarrassedandquicklytoldhimtogo.她感到有点儿不好意思，赶紧叫他离开。embarrassvt.使困窘，使局促不安embarrassedadj.尴尬的,害羞的embarrassingadj.使人尴尬/难堪的,embarrasssb.withsth./bydoingsth.做使某人尴尬/害羞/窘迫Becarefulnottoembarrassothersbyaskingembarrassingquestions.注意不要问令人尴尬的问题,那样会使人难堪。LittleJamesseemedembarrassedinthepresenceoftheguests.小詹姆斯在客人面前显得局促不安。,7.Clairethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.1)tobeoffered是不定式的被动式,在宾语从句中作真正的主语,it是形式主语。不定式的被动式可在句中作多种成分,是高考的热点之一。,考例1ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.(浙江2007)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard点拨struggletodosth.努力做某事，又因I与hear之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以用不定式的被动式，故选A。,考例2Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness_.(江西2006)A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade点拨根据“Ittakes/took(sb.)+一段时间+todosth.”可排除C、D,再根据make与connection构成动宾关系,所以用不定式的被动式,故选B。,考例3Energydrinksarenotallowed_inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(上海2006)A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.tohavebeenmadeD.tobemaking点拨allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事,又因make与energydrinks构成动宾关系,用不定式的被动式;再根据句意说的是一般情况,无完成含义,故选B。,2)sympathy同情心，同感expresssympathyfor对表示慰问aletterofsympathy慰问信feel/havesympathyfor同情Ifeltmuchsympathyfortheblind.beinsympathywith赞同,8.elegant优雅的，高雅的anelegantvase别致的花瓶anelegantgentleman举止文雅的绅士9.pile堆apileof=pilesof=alotof堆积如山的Ihaveapileofworktodothisevening.今晚我有一大堆工作要做。10.orrather或者说，准确地说WhatIwantisthetruth,orratheraseriesoftruth.我需要的是事实,准确地说是一系列事实。,11.absurd荒谬的,可笑的anabsurdopinion谬论Dontbeabsurd！别胡闹！,12.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops.因为克莱尔不让托尼陪她去商店accompanyvt.陪伴，陪同，同时存在或发生，为伴奏,accompanysb.toaplace陪伴某人去accompanysth.with/bysth.与某事物同进存在或发生keepsbcompany陪伴某人，和某人做伴inthecompanyofsb.在某人陪同下,Heaccompaniedthefrightenedgirltoherhouseandkepthercompanyuntilshecalmeddown.他陪那个受惊的女孩回家，并陪着她直到她镇静下来。Thundersaccompaniedbyheavyraininthisseasonareverycommon.这个季节，雷鸣常常伴有大雨。,13.ringsb.up=callsb.up=givesb.acall/ring=callsb.onthetelephone=phonesb打电话给某人ringoffthetelephone挂断电话callback=ringback回电话,14.Assheturnedaround,therestoodGladysClaffern.当她转过身去时,格拉雷斯克拉芬站在那里。turnaround同turnround转过身1)与turn有关的短语:turnback折回,翻回,turnin上交turndown拒绝,调小/低turnout结果是;生产turnon开(灯等)turnoff关(灯等)turnup出现;到达,2008全国卷-Whatareyoureading,Tom?-Imnotreallyreading,just_thepages.A.turningoffB.turningaroundC.turningoverD.turningup,解析：C本题考查动词短评辨析。turnover意为“翻动”，“把反过来”；turnoverthepages即“翻动书页”，符合搭配。,2)therestood.此句为存在结构,常用于这种结构的动词有stand,seemtobe,happentobe,belikelytobe,live,come,enter,lie等Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.,15.Bytheamusedandsurprisedlookonherface,ChaireknewthatGladysthoughtshewashavinganaffair.Afterall,sheknewClaireshusbandsnamewasLarry,notTony.从她脸上惊奇的表情判断,克莱尔知道拉迪斯认为她有外遇,毕竟她知道她丈夫的名字是拉里,而不是托尼。,1)byprep.此处相当于accordingto根据,按照Bymywatchitistwooclock.by的用法：“到.时为止”,其后若跟过去时间,时态多用过去完成时;若跟将来时间,时态多用将来完成时。,Bytheageof15,hehadtaughthimselfadvancedmaths.到15岁时,他就自学完了高等数学。表示时间时,还有“在期间,不迟于”的意思。Ihavenoideawhyheoftensleepsbyday.我不知道他为什么常在白天睡觉。,Bytomorrowhewillbehere.他明天就到这儿。by作为介词和副词,意思还有“在附近,在旁边,经,由,依据,通过,用,以方式”等。Thereisamalltablebythebed.在床边有一张小桌子。Pleaseletmeby.请让我进去。,2)affair暖昧关系,事情,私通Dontmindonesownaffaires/business.别管闲事！haveanaffairwithsb.跟某人有不正当的男女关系Shewashavinganaffairwithsomeonewhohasawife(有妇之夫).Itsnotmyaffair.这不关我的事。,3).afterall毕竟,别忘了Youshouldbeproudofhim,afterall,heisjustachild.,16.TonytoldherandsuggestedthatsheinviteGladysandherfriendstothehousethenightbeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn.点拨该句是一个由and(第一个and)连接的并列句。第二个分句包含一个that引导的宾语从句,thenightbefore.在句中作时间状语。还要注意的是suggest意为“建议”,后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”。,考点wastoleave和wastoreturn是过去将来时，表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。考例Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty_,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.(湖南2006)A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld解析根据“someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable”可知聚会尚未举行,要用将来时,又因整个句子用了过去时,故选A。,17.firm稳固的,坚实的asfirmasarock坚如磐石afirmfaith坚定的信念afirmfoundation牢固的基础,18.Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidntwanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她大叫一声“托尼”,然后听到托尼一本正经地说,第二天他不想离开她,而且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。点拨该句的主句包含两个并列的谓语,即cried和heard。declare后接两个that引导的宾语从句,其中第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略。,declarevt.1)宣布,宣告;声明+(that)tomakeknownformallyorofficially.ThenewCongressdeclaredastateofwarwithGermany.新的国会向德国宣战了。,2)宣称;断言+(that)Theaccusedmandeclaredhimselfinnocent.被告声称他是无罪的。Shedeclaredthatshedidntwanttoseehimagain.她宣称再也不愿见他了。,IdeclaredatthemeetingthatIdidnotsupporthim.我在会上声明我不支持他。3)申报(纳税品等)Ihavenothingtodeclare.我没什么要申报的。,Iwouldliketodeclaremyloveforyou.AlotofuseonValentinesDay,dontwe?announce:宣布totellalotofpeople.IfIhaveabirthdayparty,Iwanttoannounceittomyfriends.,declaren.:宣告,宣布awayofexpressingoneself,辨析:declare与announce,morethan1).后面跟名词,意为“不只是,不仅仅是”。Katewasmorethanateacher.Shealsodidwhatshecouldtotakecareofherpupils.凯特不仅仅是位教师,她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。,Thinkandcompare.,Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。MytriptoBeijingismorethansightseeing.我去北京不仅仅是观光。,2)morethan与数词连用,意思是“多于,大于,超过”。Ihaveknownhimformorethantwentyyears.我认识他已超过二十年了。Morethantenpolicementurnedupatthespotwheretheaccidenthappened.十多位警察出现在出事地点。,3)morethan与形容词和分词连用,表示“非常、十分”。Theyweremorethanhappytoseeuscomebackfromtheexpedition.看到我们远征而归,他们异常高兴。,Iammorethanhappytoacceptyourinvitation.我很高兴接受你的邀请。,4).morethan与动词连用,对动词起着加强语气的作用。Repeatedadvertisingwillmorethanincreaseproductsales.多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。,5)morethan和含有情态动词的句子连用,有否定意义,表示“是难以”或“超过了所能”之义。ThebeautyofthevillageismorethanIcandescribe.我难以描述那个山村的美丽。,Thisproblemismorethanachildcansettle.这一问题超出了小孩的解决能力。,6)nomorethan意思是“仅仅,不过,只是”。Allhiseducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。Theirnewflathasnomorethan60squaremeters.他们的新居只有60平方米。,7).notmorethan表示“至多,不超过”Lyingonthegroundwasaschoolboyofnotmorethanseventeen.躺在地上的那个男学生最多十七岁。,19.envy嫉妒，羡慕HowIenvyyou!youhaveahappyfamily!envysb.sth.嫉妒羡慕某人某事begreenwithenvy非常妒忌beinenvyofonessuccess羡慕某人的成功outofenvy出于妒忌/羡慕,20.leavesb./sth.alone=letsb./sthalone随他去,不干涉,不管,让其独自待着Leavemybookalone.别动我的书。DontthinkIwillleavehimalone.别以为我会让他自由自在。letalone连用译为“更不用说”A1year-year-oldchildcantevenspeak,letalonerecitepoems.,21.Youcannothavewomenfallinginlovewithmachines.你不能让妇女爱上机器吧。现在分词作宾语补足语的用法:现在分词作宾语补足语表示的是一个正在持续或进行的主动动作,即句中的宾语和现在分词之间是主动关系,分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,且分词表示的动作处于持续状态。常用的可以用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有两类：1)表示感觉的动词,如see,hear,watch,find,feel,smell,observe,notice,lookat,listento等。,2)部分使役动词,如have,keep,get,catch,leave,set等Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.,注意:现在分词主动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的主动动作,不定式主动式作宾补表示动作的全过程或即将发生的主动动作。Iheardhimplayingthepianointhenextroom.Nowletmehearyouplaythepianoasecondtime.,重点单词拼写,1.Nearlyallthestudentsinourclasshavegotfullmarksinthemathstest.Ourmathsteachersmiledwiths_.,atisfaction,2.Iwasa_fromthemeetingthismorningbecauseoftheterriblesandstorm.,bsent,练习,3.Dontforgettos_downtheboardbeforeyoupaintit.,mooth,4.Theoldladywasa_byherdaughtertogotothehospitaltohavehereyesexamined.,ccompanied,5.Ana_trafficaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon,whichclaimedseventeenpeople,includingthreechildren.,wful,6.Manypeopled_betterworkingconditionsandmoreeducationfortheirchildren.,esire,7.Agooddictionaryisthee_ofallstudents.,nvy,8.Thelittlegirldoesntlikemakingspeechesinpublic;shethinksite_her.,mbarrasses,9.Ifeelmuch_(同情)forthosehomelesspeopleonthestreet.10.Ourhotelofferssome_(高雅的)roomsequippedwithfromairconditionerstoTVswithfreemovies.11.Idontunderstandwhytheboypaintedhis_(手指甲)brightred.,sympathy,elegant,fingernails,12.Ofcourseitisnottrue.Whatana_idea!,bsurd,13.Whenheenteredthechurchhefoundmanypeoplekneelingonthe_(垫子)topray.,cushions,14.ThePrimeMinisterspendsmosttimedealingwitha_ofstate.15.Ourschoolfootballteamhashadthreev_thismonthagainstotherschools.16.Ihavealways_(羡慕)yourgoodluck.,ffairs,ictories,envied,重点词词形变换,1.Wehada_mealtogetherlastSunday.Alltheguestsarevery_.(satisfy),satisfying,satisfied,2.Outof_forthehomelesschildrenhegavethemshelterforthenight.Peoplesayhewas_.(sympathy),sympathy,sympathetic,3.Shehasalwaysbeen_fromworkrecently.Herbossisveryangrywithher_andwantstodismissher.(absence),absent,absence,4.Makingspeechesinpublicalways_theactress.Shefeels_whenthereportersaskherpersonalquestions.(embarrass),embarrassed,embarrasses,5.Iwassleepingsoundlyinthemorningwhenatelephone_meawake.Iwaseven_tohearthealarmingnewsthatanotherbombinghadhitLondon.(alarm),alarmed,alarmed,6.Theescalatordidntoperate_.WhatcanIdoto_awaytheproblem?(smooth),smoothly,smooth,根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。,1.我们还不准备投入生产,因为机器还没有完全检验完。(testout)Wearenotreadytogointoproductionyet,becausethemachineshavenotbeenfullytestedout.,2.请稍等一会,我立刻给经理打电话看看他是否在办公室。(ringup)Pleasewaitamoment;Iwillringupthemanagerimmediatelytoseeifheisintheoffice.,3.李平听到身后有响声,便转过身来,但什么也没发现。(turnaround)LiPingturnedaroundwhenheheardanoisebehindhimbutfoundnothing.,4.一宣布运动会开幕,全校师生欢呼雀跃。(declare)Themomentthesportsmeetwasdeclaredopen,thewholeschoolcheered.,5.为什么你只管你自己的事而不管我啊?(leave.alone)Whydoyoujustmindyourownbusinessandleavemealone?,6.等公共汽车的时候,我习惯浏览一下报纸。(scan)IamusedtoscanningthenewspaperwhenIamwaitingforthebus.,7.这些天,装满垃圾的塑料袋在街上逐渐堆了起来。(pileup)Plasticbagsfullofrubbishhavebeenpiledupinthestreetgraduallythesedays.,8.为了让别人听见,海伦不得不大声喊以使自己的声音超过音乐声。(makeoneself+宾补)Tomakeherselfheard,Helenhadtoshoutsothathersoundwasabovethesoundofthemusic.,9.我向他提议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。(suggest)Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)dealwiththeprobleminanotherway.,每空填一词,使该句与所给句子的意思相同或相近。,1.Jackisangryatpresentandwedbetternotdisturbhim.Jackisangryatpresentandwedbetter_him_.,leave,alone,2.Dontbenervous.Itwillnotdoharmtoanyoneatall.Takeiteasyanditwill_nooneatall.,harm,3.Iintendedtocallyouyesterdaybutmycellphonewasoutoforder.Iintendedto_you_yesterday,butmycellphonewasoutoforder.,ring,up,4.Thelocalgovernmenthast