人教新课标版选修8uint2Reading课件.ppt

,人教课标版高二选修8Unit2,Cloning:Whereisitleadingus?,Inpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-made.Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.,Warmingup,Dollythesheep,Itsthemostfamoussheepintheworld.DoyouknowhowDollyisdifferentfromothersheep?,Shewasclonedwhiletheotherswerebornnaturally.Itisthecopyofanothersheep.,man-madeclones,Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?,Icanseeastrawberryplantproducingrunnersinanaturalformofcloning.,naturalclones,Whocutthestem(茎；树干)offtheplant?,Agardener.Andthegardenerisgoingtoputitintoapottoproduceanotherplant.Heisactuallymakingacopyoftheplant.,man-madeclones,Whatdoyouknowabouttwins?,Therearetwinsofthesamesexandthoseofdifferentsexes.Thetwinshereareidentical(一样的)insexandappearanceandaregoodexamplesofnaturalclones.,naturalclones,In5000B.C.(谷物选种)HumanBeingsbegantochoosethebestseedsfromsomekindsofcrops.Thatwasthebeginningofcontrollinglifeaccordingtohumanswill.,In1952:Cloningtadpole(克隆蝌蚪)TheAmericanscientistscreatedacopyoftadpolebymeansofusingatadpolecell.Thistinytadpolehasbecomethefirstkindofcloninganimal.,In1978:Thefirstcaseoftubeinfant(试管婴儿)appeared.ABritishdoctorusedthesperm（精液）ofamanandfertilized(受精)itinatesttube(试管).Thentransplanted(移植)theembryo(胚胎)intothewomb(子宫)ofahealthymother.ThefirsttubeinfantcalledLouisappeared.,In1996,thefamoussheep“Dolley”wasclonedsuccessfully,DolleyandtheFatherofDolleyLanwilmut(伊恩.威尔姆),In1998Aseriesofthingswerecloned.ThescientistsinHawaiiUniversityclonedover50mice.Someprivateinstitutions(协会)successfullyclonedlittleoxen.,In2002,thescientistsofA&MUniversityinUSAhasbred(繁殖)thefirstclonedcatintheworld.,Nowadays:Cloneddog,mouse,rabbit,goat,ox,pigappeared.Chinabecometheseventhcountrythathastheabilitytoclonepigs.Chinahassucceededinusingembryonic（胚胎的）celltoclonemanyanimals.,Pre-reading,Questionsaboutcloning:,1.Whatisaclone?,Acloneisananimalorplantproducednaturallyorartificially(人为地)fromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.,2.Howisacloneproduced?,Thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy.Itcanbedonebytakingcuttings(man-madecloning)orlettingtheplantproduceitsownrunners(naturalcloning).Thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.Itwasnotachieveduntil1996andisfullyexplainedinthefirstreading.,3.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning?,1)Medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnesses(suchasParkinsonsdisease帕金森症orAlzheimersdisease老年痴呆症).2)Itcanhelpinfertile(不孕的)peoplehavebabies.,4.Whatproblemsmayarise(出现)whenhumansarecloned?,1)Peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever.2)Peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren.3)Peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavoritepets.,Comprehending,I.Findthemainideaofeachparagraph.,1)Cloninghastwomajoruses.2)Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalandplant.3)TheeffectofDolly.4)ThebirthanddeathofDolly.5)Itisforbiddentoclonehumanbeings.,Para1.Para2.Para3.Para4.Para5.,.ListentothetapethenfinishReadingTasksinEnglishWeekly.,1).ThecloningofDollythesheepsucceededbecause_.A.itseasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsB.thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatienceC.thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyD.manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailed,III.Choosethebestanswer.,2).Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataclonedanimal.usuallylivesaslongastheoriginaloneB.usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginaloneC.usuallydiesearlierthantheoriginaloneD.isusuallyashealthyastheoriginalone,3).WhichofthefollowisNOTaproblemordangerofcloningmentionedinthetext?A.Evilleadersmaywanttoclonethemselves.B.Animalclonesmaydeveloptheillnessofolderanimalsandmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals.C.Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.D.Toomuchcloningmayleadtothedestructionofthebalanceofnature.,4).Whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofcloning?Cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes.B.Largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning.C.Famouspersonswhohavepassedawaycanbecloned.D.Cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct.,5).Inthesecondparagraph,theword“straightforward”means_.A.uncomplicatedB.honestC.frankD.difficult,6).Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat_.A.cloningwillcometoanendbecauseoftheobjectionsB.clonedhumanbeingswillbeproducedinthenearfutureC.manycountrieswillusecloninginawisewayD.alltheresearchintohumanbeingswillbeforbidden,Lookatthesepictures,anddiscussthisquestionwithyourpartner.,Iscloningpeopleagoodthingorabadthing?,Discussion,1.克隆技术现在还不成熟,克隆人可能有很多先天性生理缺陷。2.克隆人的身份难以认定,他们与被克隆者之间的关系无法纳入现有的伦理体系。,反对克隆人,3.克隆技术有可能被滥用,成为恐怖分子的工具。4.从生物多样性上来说,大量基因结构完全相同的克隆人,可能诱发新型疾病的广泛传播,对人类的生存不利。,1.“不让我们克隆人,就是不让我们修正我们的错误,人类历史难道能够这样构造吗？”纽约时报书评2.“当然应该克隆人,如果谁第一个掌握了这个技术,他就是我真正的、也是唯一的竞争对手。”比尔盖茨,支持克隆人,3.“克隆人绝对是科学上了不起的进步,克隆技术必将创造21世纪的辉煌。”麻省理工学院生命工程教授约翰布洛克4.“人体商业化是人类经济活动中无与伦比的成就,毫无疑问,克隆技术的出现将为世人创