人教版高中英语必修四 Unit 3 A taste of English humour grammar PPT课件.ppt

-ing形式作定语,宾语补足语和表语的用法,Theingformastheattributive,predicativeandobjectcomplement,一、动词-ing形式作表语动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)现在分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。Ourgreatesthappinessisservingthepeople.（动名词）我们的任务是建设社会主义。Ourtaskisbuildingsocialism.（动名词）,我们昨晚看的电影十分动人。Thefilmwesawlastnightisquitemoving.（现在分词）他的话很鼓舞人。Hiswordsareencouraging.（现在分词）,常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。全析提示：（1）动名词作表语和主语是等值关系，两者有时可以互换，句子意思不变；动名词后面可以接宾语、状语。（2）现在分词作表语和主语不是对等关系，现在分词后面不能接宾语，但它前面可以有修饰性的副词，如very,rather等。,2、-ing形式作定语如：buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking饮用水areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室1).说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，,这些表名词的作用和用途的-ing是动名词,另外：tiringmusic=musicthatistiring烦人的音乐asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果2).说明被修饰名词的特征，特性,又如：正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。Thestudentmakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。Wecanseetherisingsun.3).表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作,这些说明被修饰名词的特征，特性或表示正在进行的动作的-ing是现在分词，即现在分词相当于所修饰名词的谓语。,判断下列是动名词还是现在分词：,adevelopingcountryAsleepingcarawalkingstick=astickforwalkinganexcitingfootballmatcharunningmananoperatingtable,现在分词,动名词,动名词,现在分词,现在分词,动名词,1)单个-ing形式作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之前,-ing形式短语作状语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。=ThemanstandingthereisPetersfather.ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPetersfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。Thestudentmakingtheexperimentisourmonitor.=Thestudentwhoismakingtheexperimentisourmonitor分词短语可以与定语从句互换,但是：动名词短语不能作定语，单个的动名词可以用作定语，但仅作前置定语。如workingmethod=methodforworking工作方法,3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。,Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。,三、动词-ing形式作宾补动名词不能作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾补表示的是正在发生的动作。例如：我看见他正在上楼。Isawhimgoingupstairs.我们看着她在过大街。Wewatchedhercrossingthestreet.我们听见她在房间里唱歌。Weheardhersinginginherroom。,3).能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:a.感官动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,等。如：Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypattingmeontheshoulder.Canyousmellanythingburning?Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.Listentothebirdssinging.Ididntnoticehimwaiting.,b.使役动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwonthaveyoudoingthat.Thissetmethinking.Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Icantgettheclockgoingagain.Youwontcatchmedoingthatagain.,2）当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.,3.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用-ing形式和不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）,前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:,Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）,Canyousmellanythingburning?(宾语)2.Wewonthaveyoudoingthat.(宾语)3.Nooneisallowedtospeakinthereadingroom.4.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitinglong.(宾语)5.IhaveafriendlivinginLondon.6.Myhobbyisswimming.,宾补,宾补,表语,定语,宾补,定语,从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。,1.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun,2.Johnsbadhabitis_withoutthoroughunderstanding.A.readB.beingreadC.tobereadD.reading,3.TellMarythattheressomeone_forheratthedoor.A.waitingB.waitedC.waitsD.towait,4.The_waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”A.smilingB.smiledC.smileD.tosmile,5.Aphonecallsenthim_tothehospital.A.hurryB.hurryingC.tohurryD.hurried,6.Doyouknowtheboy_underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying,7.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed,8.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired,9.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_byhiswife.A.flying;tosleepB.flying;sleepingC.tofly;tosleepingD.tofly;tosleep,10.Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp_butthedoor_.A.beingon;shutB.burning;shuttingC.burning;shutD.on;shutting,11.Asisknowntousall,travelingis_,butweoftenfeel_whenwearebackfromtravels.A.interesting;tiredB.interested;tiringC.interesting;tiringD.interested;tired,12.Thewomanfounditnogood_herdaughtertoomuchmoney.A.givingB.beinggivenC.givenD.gave,13.Asthestonewastooheavytomove,Ileftit_ontheground.A.layingB.layC.lyingD.lain,1.The_boywaslastseen_nearthebankofthelake.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay解析：missing是形容词，作boy的定语，意思是“失踪的”。waslastseenplaying表示被看见时正在玩。,高考链接,2.MrSmith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring解析：此题考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。tired,moved,interestedexcited等过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受；tiring,moving,interesting,exciting等现在分词叙述的是某一物或事情给予人的感受。句意为“史密斯先生对这个令人厌烦的讲话感受厌倦了，所以开始读起一本小说来”。,3.Whenwewatchedthenationalflag_intheOlympicGamesonTV,weraisedacheer.A.riseB.beingrisenC.raisedD.beingraised解析：本题考查分词作补语，rise是不及物动词，先排除A、B两项，国旗是被人们升起的，应该用分词的被动形式，句意为：当看到电视中奥林匹克运动会上国旗正在被升起时，我们欢呼起来。,4.Hewasinhospitalforsixmonths.Hefeltasifhewas_fromtheoutsideworld.cutoutB.cutoffC.cutupD.cutthrough解析：cutout的意思是“切下；删除”。cutoff意思是“切断；使(人、城镇)孤立”。cutup的意思是“切碎”。cutthrough的意思是“穿越”。本句的意思是：他住院六个月感到似乎与外界隔绝了。,5.Wesatthere,_withwhatwelistenedto.satisfy