语法：高中英语虚拟语气课件.ppt

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气,1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.虚拟语气定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，与事实相反，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气,通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达,条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是如果的意思。Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.,Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains.,真实条件句主句为将来时，从句常用一般现在时。,时间,If从句,主句,现在,过去,将来,were/did,haddone,Would/could/should/might+do,Would/could/should/might+havedone,were/did2.shoulddo3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+do,虚拟条件句1）可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，主从句谓语时态如下：,1.IfI_onemilliondollars,I_theplane.(have,buy)2.IfI_you,I_AIDSpatientahug.(be,give)3.Ifyou_earlier,you_heryesterday.(come,see),与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,had,wouldbuy,were,wouldgive,hadcome,wouldhaveseen,5.Ifit_tomorrow,they_foranouting.(rain,notgo)6.Ifwe_threedaysoff,we_averyhappylife.(have,enjoy),与将来事实相反,shouldrain/rained,wouldntgo,weretohave,wouldenjoy,2)错综条件虚拟语气：,假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气或混合条件句，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youwouldntbeinthehospitalnow.,IfIwereyou（现在）,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice（过去）.,3）条件虚拟句的省略和倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.,Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.,Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldnthavegotoverthedifficulties.,IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?,HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.,Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?,4）由without或butfor等词构成的含蓄条件虚拟。（有时为了表达需要,并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句.）Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.,=Iftherewere/shouldbenowater,itwouldbeImpossibletoliveinthedesert.,1.Iwasillthatday.0therwise,I_(take)partinthesportsmeet.2.I_(give)youmorehelp,butIwastoobusy.3.Iwouldwritetohim,butI_hisaddress.(know)4.Iwouldhavewrittentohim,butI_hisaddress.5.Butforthefactthatit_,wewouldhaveenjoyedourselvesthatday.(rain),wouldhavetaken,mighthavegiven,dontknow,didntknow,rained,二.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气,一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose(advice,suggestion,proposal)4.demand,require,request,desire这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用(should)+动词原形,:主语从句,Itisinsisted/ordered/commanded/advised/suggested/proposed/recommended/demanded/required/requested/desiredthatsb/sth(should)do,:宾语从句,sbinsist/order/command/advise/suggest/propose/recommend/demand/require/request/desirethatsb/sth(should)do,D:同位语从句,theinsistence/order/command/advice/suggestion/proposal/recommendation/demand/requirement/request/desirethatsb/sth(should)do,:表语从句,theinsistence/order/command/advice/suggestion/proposal/recommendation/demand/requirement/request/desireisthatsb/sth(should)do,Itssuggestedthattheplan(should)becarriedout.Heorderedthatthebooks(should)beplacedintheshelf.Mydemandisthatshe(should)cometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory(should)becloseddown.,注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明”“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。,1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.,obey,was,besent,have,was,WishAsif/thoughIfonly,现在：过去：未来：,were/did,haddone,would/could/mightdo,三：虚拟语气特殊句型：,IwishI_abird.(be)IwishI_inHongKonglastyear.(be)Wewishourparents_us.(notpunish)4.Itseemsasif/thoughit_summer.(be)5.whentheymetforthefirsttime,theytalkedasif/thoughthey_friendsforyears.(be)6.IfonlyI_himagain!(see)7.IfonlyI_thepapercarefullyintheexam.(examine)8.IfonlyI_hisname!(know),were,hadbeen,wouldntpunish,were,hadbeen,couldsee,hadexamined,knew,2.Wouldratherthat,1.Iwouldratheryou_menow.,2.Iwouldratheryou_lastnight,too.,3.Dontcometoday.Iwouldratheryou_tomorrow.,did(现在，将来),haddone（过去）,paid,（现在）,hadgone,（过去）,came,（将来）,3.Its(about/high)time+that-,shoulddo,did,你该走了。Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,4.在句型Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)thatsb/sthshoulddoItisapity(surpise/shame/wonder)thatsb/sthshoulddo例句1)Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2)Itsnaturalthatsheshou