10篇英文文献摘要学习.doc

ABSTRACT01: Parent-mediated social communication therapy for young children with autism (PACT): long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.01、针对自闭症幼儿的父母介导的社区沟通疗法（PACT）：随机对照试验的长期随访杂志（THE LANCET） 发表年份（2016） 期刊影响因子（53.254）Background: It is not known whether early intervention can improve long-term autism symptom outcomes. We aimed to follow-up the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT), to investigate whether the PACT intervention had a long-term effect on autism symptoms and continued effects on parent and child social interaction.Methods: PACT was a randomised controlled trial of a parent-mediated social communication intervention for children aged 24 years with core autism. Follow-up ascertainment was done at three specialised clinical services centres in the UK (London, Manchester, and Newcastle) at a median of 5.75 years (IQR 5.425.92) from the original trial endpoint. The main blinded outcomes were the comparative severity score (CSS) from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)自闭症诊断观察量表, the Dyadic Communication Assessment Measure (DCMA) of the proportion of child initiatiations when interacting with the parent, and an expressive-receptive language composite. All analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle. Findings: 121 (80%) of the 152 trial participants (59 77% of 77 assigned to PACT intervention vs 62 83% of 75 assigned to treatment as usual) were traced and consented to be assessed between July, 2013, and September, 2014. Mean age at follow-up was 10.5 years (SD 0.8). Group difference in favour of 赞同the PACT intervention based on ADOS CSS of log-odds effect size (ES) was 0.64 (95% CI 007 to 120) at treatment endpoint and ES 0.70 (95% CI 0.05 to 1.47) at follow-up, giving an overall reduction in symptom severity over the course of the whole trial and follow-up period (ES 0.55, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.91, p=0.004). Group difference in DCMA child initiations at follow-up showed a Cohens d ES of 0.29 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.57) and was significant over the course of the study (ES 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.57, p=0.004). There were no group differences in the language composite at follow-up (ES 0.15, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.53).Interpretation: The results are the first to show long-term symptom reduction after a randomised controlled trial of early intervention in autism spectrum disorder. They support the clinical value of the PACT intervention and have implications for developmental theory.02：Burden, risk factors, and comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems in Kenyan children: a population-based study02、肯尼亚儿童的行为和情绪问题的负担、危险因素以及合并症：一项基于人群的研究杂志（LANCET PSYCHIATRY） 发表年份（2017） 期刊影响因子（15.233）背景：Three-quarters of the burden of mental health problems精神卫生问题 occurs in low-and-middle-income countries, but few epidemiological studies of these problems in preschool children from sub-Saharan Africa撒哈拉以南 have been published. Behavioural and emotional problems often start in early childhood, and this might be particularly important in Africa, where the incidence of perinatal 围产期and early risk factors is high. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of behavioural and emotional problems in young children in a rural area on the Kenyan coast.方法：We did a population-based epidemiological study to assess the burden of behavioural and emotional problems in preschool children and comorbidities in the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System 基利菲健康和人口监测系统(KHDSS, a database formed of the population under routine surveillance linked to admissions to Kilifi County Hospital). We used the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL)儿童行为调查表 to assess behavioural and emotional problems. We then determined risk factors and medical comorbidities associated with behavioural and emotional problems. The strength of associations between the risk factors and the behavioural and emotional problems was estimated using generalised linear models, with appropriate distribution and link functions.结果：3539 families were randomly selected from the KHDSS. Of these, 3273 children were assessed with CBCL. The prevalence of total behavioural and emotional problems was 13% (95% CI 1214), for externalising problems 外化问题was 10% (911), and for internalising problems was 22% (2124). The most common CBCL syndrome was somatic problems 躯体问题(21%, 2023), whereas the most common DSM-IV-oriented scale 基于精神疾病诊断准则手册（第四版）was anxiety problems (13%, 1214). Factors associated with total problems included consumption of cassava (risk ratio 568, 95% CI 3221003), perinatal complications (434, 321581), seizure disorders (290, 224377), and house status (011, 008014). Seizure disorders癫痫, burn marks烧伤, and respiratory problems呼吸道疾病 were important comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems.理解：Behavioural and emotional problems are common in preschool children in this Kenyan rural area and are associated with preventable risk factors. Behavioural and emotional problems and associated comorbidities should be identified and addressed in young children.03：Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial03、孕妇补碘对儿童神经发育的影响：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验杂志（Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology） 发表年份（2017） 期刊影响因子（19.313）Background：Iodine deficiency during pregnancy might be associated with reduced intelligence quotient (IQ) score in offspring. We assessed the effect of iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women 轻度碘缺乏孕妇on neurodevelopment of their offspring in areas where schoolchildren were iodine sufficient.Methods：In this randomised, placebo-controlled trial, pregnant women in Bangalore班加罗尔, India, and Bangkok曼谷, Thailand, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 200 g iodine orally once a day or placebo until delivery. Randomisation was done with a computer-generated sequence and stratified by site. Co-primary outcomes主要结果 were verbal and performance IQ scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 韦氏学前和小学儿童智力量表Third Edition (WPPSI-III) and the global executive composite score from the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) in the children at age 56 years. The trial was double-blinded; some unmasking揭盲 took place at age 2 years for an interim analysis中间分析, but participants and nearly all investigators remained masked to group assignment until age 56 years. Analysis was by intention to treat using mixed-effects models. Findings：Between Nov 18, 2008, and March 12, 2011, 832 women entered the trial at a mean gestational age of 10.7 weeks (SD 2.7); median urinary iodine concentration was 131 g/L (IQR 81213). Mean compliance with supplementation was 87%, assessed by monthly tablet counts. 313 children (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=154) were analysed for verbal and performance IQ with WPPSI-III and 315 (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=156) for overall executive function with BRIEF-P. Mean WPPSI-III scores for verbal IQ were 89.5 (SD 98) in the iodine group and 90.2 (98) in the placebo group (difference 07, 95% CI 29 to 15; p=077), and for performance IQ were 97.5 (125) in the iodine group and 99.1 (134) in the placebo group (difference 16, 45 to 13; p=044). The mean BRIEF-P global executive composite score was 90.6 (262) in the iodine group and 91.5 (270) in the placebo group (difference 09, 68 to 50; p=074). The frequency of adverse events did not differ between groups during gestation or at delivery: 24 women in the iodine group and 28 in the placebo group reported adverse events (iodine group: abortion, n=20; blighted ovum, and n=2; intrauterine death, n=2; placebo group: abortion, n=22; blighted ovum, n=1; intrauterine death, n=2; early neonatal death, n=1; and neonatal death, n=2).Interpretation：Daily iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women had no effect on child neurodevelopment at age 56 years.04：Incidence of and Factors Associated With Myopia and High Myopia in Chinese Children, Based on Refraction Without Cycloplegia.04、基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国儿童近视和高度近视的发生率及相关因素杂志（JAMA Ophthalmol） 发表年份（2018） 期刊影响因子（6.669）IMPORTANCE: Myopia has reached epidemic levels among children in regions of East and Southeast Asia. High myopia高度近视 is associated with myopic macular degeneration近视性黄斑变性, glaucoma青光眼, and retinal detachment视网膜脱落.OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of myopia and high myopia based on refraction without cycloplegia among children in primary and junior high schools in China.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This observational cohort study was completed in Guangzhou, China. It consisted of a cohort from 19 primary schools, who were followed up from 2010 to 2015, and a cohort from 22 junior high schools, who were followed up from 2010 to 2012. All schools were randomly chosen at rates proportional to the number of schools in each of the citys 11 districts所有学校都是按照与学校数量成比例的随机选择的. Students with or without myopia in grade 1 (primary school) or grade 7 (junior high school) were eligible for inclusion. Data analysis occurred from February 2017 to October 2017.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER)等效球镜度数 of -0.50 diopters (D) or less, as measured by subjective refraction主觉验光 without cycloplegia睫状肌麻痹; high myopia was defined as a SER of -6.0 D or less. Annual incidences were defined as the proportion of participants each year found to have myopia or high myopia who did not previously have the condition. Height, weight, axial length (AL)轴长, corneal radius of curvature (CRC) 角膜曲率半径, and AL/CRC ratio were examined to assess if these measures were associated with future myopia or high myopia.RESULTS: A total of 4741 students with or without myopia in either grade 1 for the primary school cohort (mean SD age 7.2 0.4 years; 932 of 1975 47.2% female) or grade 7 for the junior high school cohort (mean SD age 13.2 0.5 years; 1254 of 2670 47.0% female) were included. Baseline mean (SD) SER was 0.31 (0.86) D among 1975 students in grade 1 vs -1.60 (2.00) D among 2670 students in grade 7. Baseline prevalence of myopia was 12.0% in grade 1 students (n=237 of 1969) and 67.4% in grade 7 students (n=1795 of 2663). The incidence of myopia was 20% to 30% each year throughout both cohorts. The incidence of high myopia was initially less than 1% in the primary school cohort (grade 1: n=2 of 1825; 0.1% 95% CI, 0.0%-0.3%), but incidence exceeded 2% in the junior high school cohort (in grade 9: n=48 of 2044; 2.3% 95% CI, 1.0%-3.7%).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The incidence of myopia among Chinese students based on refraction without cycloplegia is among the highest of any cultural or ethnic group. If confirmed with cycloplegic refraction, interventions to prevent myopia onset in Chinese populations should be initiated in primary schools. 基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国学生近视发生率是所有文化或民族中最高的。 如果确认睫状肌麻痹屈光，应在小学开始干预中国人群中预防近视发作。05：Infant wake after sleep onset serves as a marker for different trajectories in cognitive development.05、入睡开始后婴儿的醒来作为认知发展中不同轨迹的标志杂志（J Child Psychol Psychiatry） 发表年份（2018） 期刊影响因子（6.486）BACKGROUND: Sleep variables have been linked to improved functioning of learning and memory throughout life睡眠变量与改善学习和记忆功能有关, with most studies focusing on older children and adults. Since infancy is a time of outstanding plasticity可塑性, sleep variables could be particularly important for cognitive development in that age group. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study collecting data from 40 infants at four different time points of 4, 6, 8 and 10months. Sleep variables were assessed using actigraphy体动记录仪 for a week, as well as a sleep questionnaire. Eye-tracking was employed to examine developmental cognitive trajectories. Infants had to remember the location of a toy that had previously been linked to a sound and an eye-tracker recorded whether they were searching the correct location upon hearing the sound. 眼动追踪用于检查发育认知轨迹，婴儿必须记住先前与声音相关的玩具的位置，并且记录他们是否在听到声音时搜索正确的位置。RESULTS: Based on their trajectories between 4 and 10months, infants were divided into two groups who shifted their response strategies at different time points. Those two groups also differed in other aspects of their looking patterns and scored increasingly differently in the Ages & Stages Questionnaire over time. Time spent awake in the night early in life was reduced in the group who changed their strategy earlier. 根据他们在4到10个月之间的轨迹，婴儿被分成两组，他们在不同的时间点改变他们的反应策略。 这两个群体在其外观模式的其他方面也存在差异，并且随着时间的推移在年龄和阶段问卷中得分越来越不同。CONCLUSIONS: While previous research examined the relation of infant sleep and cognitive functioning measured once, this paper provides first evidence that night wake time can serve as a marker for different cognitive trajectories. 虽然之前的研究一度检验了婴儿睡眠和认知功能的关系，但本文提供了第一个证据，即夜间唤醒时间可以作为不同认知轨迹的标记。06：Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Infant Development.06、母亲的不良童年经历和婴儿发育杂志（Pediatrics） 发表年份（2018） 期刊影响因子（5.515）OBJECTIVES: To examine the prenatal and postnatal mechanisms by which maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)儿童期不良经历 predict the early development of their offspring, specifically via biological (maternal health risk in pregnancy, infant health risk at birth) and psychosocial risk (maternal stress during and after pregnancy, as well as hostile behavior in early infancy).METHODS: Participants were 1994 women (mean age = 31 years) and their infants, who were recruited in pregnancy as part of a prospective longitudinal cohort from 2008 to 2010. Pregnant women completed self-report questionnaires in pregnancy and postpartum related to psychosocial risk and a questionnaire about hostile behavior when their infant was 4 months of age. Health risk in pregnancy and infant health risk at birth were obtained from health records. Mothers completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire when infants were 12 months of age.RESULTS: Path analysis revealed that the association between maternal ACEs and infant development outcomes at 12 months operated through 2 indirect pathways: biological health risk (pregnancy health risk and infant health risk at birth) and psychosocial risk (maternal psychosocial risk in pregnancy and maternal hostile behavior in infancy).CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial risks in pregnancy, but not in early infancy, contribute to the transmission of vulnerability from maternal ACEs to child development outcomes in infancy via maternal behavior. Maternal health risk in pregnancy indirectly confers risk from maternal ACEs to child development outcomes at 12 months of age through infant health risk. Maternal health and psychosocial well-being in pregnancy may be key targets for intervention.07: Maternal diet during pregnancy is related with the infant stool microbiome in a delivery mode-dependent manner.07、怀孕期间的母亲饮食与婴儿粪便微生物组以递送模式依赖性方式相关杂志（Microbiome） 发表年份（2018） 期刊影响因子（9.133）Background：The gut microbiome has an important role in infant health and immune development and may be affected by early-life exposures. Maternal diet may influence the infant gut microbiome through vertical transfer 垂直迁移of maternal microbes to infants during vaginal delivery阴道分娩 and breastfeeding. We aimed to examine the association of maternal diet during pregnancy with the infant gut microbiome 6 weeks post-delivery in mother-infant dyads enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. Infant stool samples were collected from 145 infants, and maternal prenatal diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. We used targeted sequencing靶向测序 of the 16S rRNA V4-V5 hypervariable region to characterize infant gut microbiota. To account for differences in baseline and trajectories of infant gut microbial profiles, we stratified analyses by delivery mode.Results：We identified three infant gut microbiome clusters, characterized by increased abundance of Bifidobacterium双歧杆菌, Streptococcus链球菌 and Clostridium梭菌, and Bacteroides拟杆菌, respectively, overall and in the vaginally delivered infant stratum. In the analyses stratified to infants born vaginally and adjusted for other potential confounders, maternal fruit intake was associated with infant gut microbial community structure (PERMANOVA, p0.05). In multinomial logistic regression analyses, increased fruit intake was associated with an increased odds of belonging to the high Streptococcus/Clostridium group among infants born vaginally (OR (95% CI)=2.73 (1.36, 5.46). In infants delivered by Cesarean section, we identified three clusters that differed slightly from vaginally delivered infants, which were characterized by a high abundance of Bifidobacterium, high Clostridium and low Streptococcus and Ruminococcus genera, and high abundance of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Maternal dairy intake was associated with an increased odds of infants belonging to the high Clostridium cluster in infants born by Cesarean section (OR (95% CI)=2.36 (1.05, 5.30). Linear models suggested additional associations between maternal diet and infant intestinal microbes in both delivery mode strata.Conclusions：Our data indicate that maternal diet influences the infant gut microbiome and that these effects differ by delivery mode.08：Parental Obesity and Early Childhood Development.08、父母肥胖与儿童早期发育杂志（Pediatrics） 发表年份（2017） 期刊影响因子（5.515）BACKGROUND: Previous studies identified associations between maternal obesity and childhood neurodevelopment, but few examined paternal obesity despite potentially distinct genetic/epigenetic effects related to developmental programming.METHODS: Upstate KIDS (2008-2010) recruited mothers from New York State (excluding New York City) at 4 months postpartum. Parents completed the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) when their children were 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of age corrected for gestation. The ASQ is validated to screen for delays in 5 developmental domains (ie, fine motor, gros