句子成分学习.doc

第一课时句子成分授课老师：黄会一、主语、谓语考 一 考指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1The_teachers are_having a meeting.2At five oclock, they left.3 Put_up your hand if you have any questions.4Drinking does harm to your health.5Who told you the truth?6The_earthquake struck Nepal.7The_rich should_help the poor.8 This weekend, some of us are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers.学 一 学Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。只要含有主语和谓语的语言片段就构成句子，这是英语的一大特点。1主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词以及动词ing形式等充当。The students are listening to me carefully. They want to learn English well. But learning English well isnt as hard as you think.同学们在认真听我讲课。他们想学好英语，但是，学好英语不像你想的那么难。2谓语(Predicate)：谓语用来说明主语的状态或行为动作。由于谓语部分在英语中的形式多种多样，不同于汉语中的谓语，要准确无误地灵活运用英语，就必须攻克谓语关。(1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He runs every morning.他每天早上跑步。(2)复合谓语：由情态动词、be动词或其他助动词加动词原形或动词的其他形式构成。You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可借两周。The students are playing basketball.学生们在打篮球。由系动词加表语构成。We are students.我们是学生。练 一 练指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1 He has_become more and more interested in English.2 The_living should_go_on_with his work.3 The_child has_been_brought_up by his grandmother.4To_see is_to_believe.5It is_necessary to_help_him_out.6Four_plus_Five is_nine.7He can_swim very well.8 Playing_football in the street is_dangerous.二、宾语、表语考 一 考指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1They visited an_exhibition yesterday.2 The heavy rain prevented me from arriving_at_school_on_time.3 How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.4I like listening_to_popular_music.5She looks unhappy today.6His job is to_teach_English.7Time is up. The class is over.8He remained in_poor_health all those years.学 一 学1.宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词(短语)和介词后面。He is going to buy a dictionary.(动词的宾语)他打算买本字典。We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。(介词的宾语)宾语种类：(1)双宾语：间接宾语直接宾语，间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指物。Lend me your book, please.把你的书借给我用一用。(2)复合宾语：宾语宾补。We elected him monitor.我们选他为班长。2表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及从句充当。Our teacher of English is an American.我们的英语老师是美国人。Is it yours?那是你的吗？The weather has turned cold.天气已变冷。练 一 练改正下列句子中的错误1His job is train swimmers._2He seems interesting in the plan._3He handed I the newspaper._4 He knew the true._5I enjoy paint._6 The cake smells nicely._三、定语、状语、补语考 一 考指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1 China is a developing country, while America is a developed country.2 He is reading an article about_how_to_learn_English.3 The boy who_is_singing_there is her brother.4Light travels most_quickly.5He has lived in the city for_ten_years.6He goes to school by_bus.7 In_order_to_catch_up_with_the_others,_I must work harder.8Dont leave the door open.9I heard him go_out.10His father called him Li_Ming.学 一 学1.定语(Attribute)：定语起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。Dalian is a beautiful city.大连是一个美丽的城市。Is there any difference between spoken English and written English?英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗？I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多作业要做。2状语(Adverbial)：状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等。Im very pleased to see you.见到你我非常高兴。Ill be back in a while.我一会儿就回来。We go home twice a month.我们每月回家两次。3宾语补足语(Object Complement)：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等)宾语宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词(短语)等充当。They painted their boat white.他们把船涂成白色。Let the fresh air in.让新鲜空气进来。You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.你绝不可强迫他借钱给你。We saw her entering the room.我们看见她进入了房间。We found everything in the lab in good order.我们发现实验室里的东西都井然有序。练 一 练指出下列句中的定语、状语和宾语补足语(画线部分)1He is a lovely boy.2 There are many women teachers in our school.3 Our monitor is always the first to_enter_the_classroom.4He is playing there happily.5I shall go there if_it_doesnt_