高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 第三部分 句法篇 专题2 名词性从句课件 外研版.ppt

第三部分句法篇,专题2名词性从句,核心考点精析,名词性从句在高考中的应用,模拟强化练,核心考点精析,名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。,名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中连接词的运用,1.that的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedonthaveenoughmoney.Thereportthattherewillbeaseverestorminthenorthernareaisfalse.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；(B)有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；,(C)介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；(D)当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。Hejudgedthat，becausehewasachild，hedidnotunderstandwine.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.,(3)that和what的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词关系代词”，即常说的“先行词that/which/who”。Itsashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.IwilldowhatIcan(do)tohelphim.,(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。,TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)ThehopethattheyexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句),2.whether和if的用法。(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.(2)后面直接跟ornot时用whether。IdidntknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.,(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。Thankyou，butwhetherIllbefreeImnotsureatthemoment.,(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。Whetherhecomesornot，wewillbeginourpartyontime.,3.“疑问词ever”和“nomatter疑问词”的区别。(1)“疑问词ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.(2)“疑问词ever”还可引导让步状语从句。Whoeverbreakstherule，hemustbepunished.Whateveryoudo，youmustdoitwell.(3)“nomatter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhatyoudo，youmustputyourheartintoit.Nomatterwhocomeslate，hemustbepunished.,4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.(同位语从句)Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.(定语从句),主语从句的核心考点,1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。Thatshewillsucceediscertain.Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.Whatheneedsismoreexperience.,常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句Itiscertainthatmostofthefarmershavebroughtinmoremoneybyallmeans.(2)Itbe名词(短语)(apity，ashame，goodnews，afact，anhonour，awonder，nowonder等)that从句Itsnowonderthatyouveachievedsomuchsuccess.,(3)Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well-known，announced等)that从句Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingouttheexperiment.(4)It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.注意：(1)在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural.that从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should)动词原形”形式。(2)在“Itbesuggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that从句”结构中，that从句谓语应用“(should)动词原形”。,1.动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)可以带宾语从句。Weallexpectthattheywillwin，formembersoftheirteamarestronger.Idontthinkyouareright.Idontsupposehecares，doeshe?(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.,宾语从句的核心考点,(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，seeto等。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfull.,2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。Wecouldseethetemplequiteclearlyfromwherewelived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Yourcompositionisquitegoodexceptthattheorganizationisabitloose.(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。Imsurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.,表语从句的核心考点,1.主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)changeourcourse.2.主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocarelessanddranktoomuch.3.because，asif，asthough，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。Hehaslungdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.,同位语从句的核心考点,同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。1.能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。2.同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.,3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。ThestorygoesthatWilliamTelldidkillthekingwiththatsword.,返回,名词性从句高考中的应用,名词性从句与语法填空,在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，其连接词一般不可省略(宾语从句中的that可省略)。,典题试做1,在空白处填入适当的连接词1.Asnaturalarchitects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlythicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015全国)解析分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。故填how。,how,解析答案,2.Ididntunderstandthiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.(2014广东)解析考查宾语从句中的连接词。“我”不知道/不明白会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导。isimportantisthatweletothersknowwecareaboutthem.(2012湖南)解析设空处引导主语从句且在从句中充当主语，应用what。,why,What,解析答案,4.Overthenextseveralmonths，myprofessortaughtmeonestorywassomuchbetterthantheother.Onewasrichinmetaphor(隐喻)andcharacterdevelopment，whiletheotherwashumorousbuttooshallow.(2011湖南)解析考查宾语从句中的连接词。根据后句可知，“我的教授教给我为什么一个故事比另一个更好的原因”，故填why。5.Foronething，parentshavetimetothinkabouttheywanttosaybeforetheywrite.(2010湖南)解析考查宾语从句中的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句且在从句中作say的宾语，故填what。,why,what,解析答案,应对策略1,若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，若其中一个分句作另一个句子的成分，注意根据成分关系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何成分确定连接词。,名词性从句与短文改错,短文改错中对于名词性从句的考查主要涉及连接词使用不当，缺少连接词以及what与that、which混用等。,典题试做2,单句改错(每小题1处错误)1.Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.(2015全国)解析句意为：他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知宾语从句句意完整，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。答案去掉where或wherethat2.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo？(2015四川)解析考查宾语从句中疑问词的选择。本句中do之后缺少宾语，故用what。答案HowWhat,解析答案,3.Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingorhurt，tellyourteacherimmediately.(2014四川)解析考查宾语从句中连接词。that后为陈述式的宾语从句，作notice的宾语。答案去掉when4.“Hehasruinedhishealth.Weareworriedabouthim.”Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.(2013辽宁)解析考查表语从句中的连接词。what作say的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。答案whichwhat,解析答案,5.ThisishowIneedtoimproveinthefuture.(2013大纲全国),答案howwhat/where,解析答案,应对策略2,对于名词性从句中连接词的考查，注意首先判断两个单句之间是否有连接词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连接词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系进行判定是何从句，再根据连接词在句中作何成分，判断正误；(2)注意which与that，which与what，whether与if以及其他wh连接词的用法区别。,书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦,1.语序问题(误)Thesepicturesshowyouwhatdoesourvillagelooklike.(正)Thesepicturesshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.此处宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误)Doyouthinkwhichoftheseisthemostusefulinvention?(正)Whichofthesedoyouthinkisthemostusefulinvention?在疑问语气中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。,2.what和that的运用(误)Americawasthatwasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.(正)Americawaswhatwasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外，我们可以把what解释为：the名词that/which。3.whether和if的运用(误)Ifwellholdthepartyhasnotbeendecidedyet.(正)Whetherwellholdthepartyhasnotbeendecidedyet.whether适用于任何情况；if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。,4.连接词的使用易受汉语干扰(误)ThereasonwhyIwaslateisbecauseIwastrappedinthetrafficjam.(正)ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwastrappedinthetrafficjam.通过提取简化可得出：Thereasonisbecause.在英语中这显然造成了重复现象。,返回,模拟强化练,.单句语法填空1.weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.解析分析句子结构可知“weunderstandthings”为主语从句，主语从句中主谓宾成分齐全，结合句意可知，此处缺少方式状语。故填how。,How,解析答案,2.Ashipinharborissafe，butthatsnotshipsarebuiltfor.解析thatsnot后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。what在句中既作表语从句的连接词又作从句中for的宾语。故填what。3.IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?Yeah，butIhavenoideahedidit；thatsoneofhisfavoriteuniversities.解析答句句意为：是的，但我不知道他为什么那样做，那是他最喜欢的大学之一。hedidit作idea的同位语，由句意可知表示原因，故填why。,what,why,解析答案,4.Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswonderedtheboywoulddo.解析设空处既作宾语从句的连接词又作从句中do的宾语，故填what。5.Itdoesntmatteryouturnrightorleftatthecrossingbothroadsleadtothepark.解析句意为：你在十字路口往右拐还是往左拐都无关紧要两条路都通往公园。考查主语从句。根据句意及or可知此处用whether构成固定搭配whether.or.(是还是)。if一般不引导主语从句。,what,whether,解析答案,6.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided，andyouarefreetochoosesuitsyoubest.解析句意为：这里有五门课程供你选择，你可以自由选择任何一门最适合你的。本题考查宾语从句。从句中缺少主语成分。且题干中已给出选择的范围asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided，故用whichever。7.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelthecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.解析句意为：Jerry并不后悔作了点评，只是觉得他本可以用不同的方式表达出来。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句句子完整，不缺少句子成分，故用that引导。,whichever,that,解析答案,8.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthemeetingwouldbepostponed.解析句意为：下午2点左右，有人通知说会议要推迟了。本题考查同位语从句。camearoundtwointheafternoon把名词notice与其同位语从句分隔开来，增加了题目的难度。同位语从句结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用连接词that引导。9.Afarmeronceorganizedacompetitionbetweenhisdogandhisrabbit.Hedugaholeinoneofhisbiggestfields，andhidacarrotandaboneinit.Hewantedtoseeanimalwouldfindthemfirst.解析农夫想看看狗和兔子哪一个先找到胡萝卜和骨头。,that,which,解析答案,10.Itcanbereallyupsettryingtoaskforsomethinginastoreortotellthetaxidriveryouaregoing.解析此处where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。,where,解析答案,.单句改错(每小题1处错误)1.ThatBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.答案ThatWhat2.Itwasneverclearwhetherthemanhadntreportedtheaccidentsooner.答案whetherwhy3.Itisstillunderdiscussioniftheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.答案ifwhether,答案,4.Theshockingnewsmademerealizehowterribleproblemswewouldface.答案howwhat5.Thevillagershavealreadyknownwhichwelldoistorebuildthebridge.答案whichwhat6.Whatheshoulddoishestaysathomeandwaitsforhismotherfromwork.答案is之后加that7.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasbecausehisbikewentwrong.答案becausethat,答案,8.IdliketostartmyownbusinessthatshowIddoifIhadthemoney.答案howwhat9.Hecamelate.Thatwashegotuplate.答案was之后加because10.Thequestionthatwhysomanypeoplewouldchoosetoliveinthecountrysidebuttoworkinthecityisstillunderdiscussion.答案去掉that,答案,.语法填空A(名词性从句专练)1.worriesmyclassmateMaryalotthesedaysis2.sheputsontoomuchweightandsheisfrequentlyill.Shehassomedoubts3.sheeatstoomuchfastfoodhighinfatorsugar.Also，withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching，shebecomesmorestressfulandshecantsleepwellthesedays.Maybethisis4.shebecomesfatterthesedays，shethinks.5.shebecomesslimmerandhealthierhasbeenhermaintask.,What,that,whether,why,How,答案,Soshewantstoconsultsomeexpertsandgainsomeinstructions.Butwhereshecouldgetbettersuggestionsand6.willgiveherbetteradvicealsopuzzleher.Itisherparentssuggestion7.sheshouldconsultPro