（英语语言文学专业论文）语篇视点理论关照下“Vanity+Fair”两种中译本比较研究.pdf

ii内容摘要内容摘要 改革开放三十年来，文学翻译在中国的发展越来越繁荣。大量新的外国文学作品不断涌入中国， 不仅如此，一些经典作品也被译界学者纷纷拿来重译， 名利场就是其中一部，被国内多名学者拿来重译。本文作者搜集整理后发现，到目前为止已经有 19 种名利场中译本出现在国内市场上。而作者选择杨必和贾文浩、贾文渊的译本进行对比研究缘于以下原因：一是由于二者都是全译本。在这 19 个译本中，有的是摘译，有的是编译，还有的是全译。笔者认为只有全译才能使读者更好地欣赏原文的写作风格以及充分体现作者的翻译水平与技巧； 二是由于在译界广泛推崇杨必的译文堪称是名利场意译的典范的情况下，贾文浩与贾文渊却在 21 世纪主张直译这一经典名著。因此，本文作者力求发现其原因以及对这两种采用不同翻译主张的译文的质量作出评价。回顾以往学者对名利场译本的研究作者发现，之前的翻译批评的标准都较片面，并没有把翻译视作一种交际过程。换言之，就是没有全面考虑原作者、译者、译文读者以及翻译情境因素。因此，为了克服以往研究中的不足，本文作者提出了以语篇视点理论为基础的翻译标准来评价名利场的中译本。这一方法评价者需考虑三个系统，源语语篇系统、译语语篇系统和翻译情境系统，以期能对译文作出客观的评价。 这篇文章采用对比分析方法，选取了名利场译文中上册（共两册）的译例进行了研究。作者在对语篇层级性概念理解的基础上，即语篇可分为操作级层和决策级层，提出了语篇视点翻译标准，要求评论者需要根据特定的翻译情境对原文以及译文的各种价值进行平衡。本文作者认为译文应从三个方面来考虑，包括语篇内因素（语篇连贯和语篇结构） ，语篇外因素（语域和语篇功能）和翻译情境因素。而翻译情境因素主要讨论译者的社会文化因素（文学思潮）以及译者的动机，这两个因素对翻译策略的选择具有重大影响。另外，在谈到两篇译文的连贯问题时，作者引用了语言学中的视点理论来解释连贯。通过分析五种视点，即时空视点、观念视点、记叙视点、知觉视点以及衔接与连贯视点， 译者能够理解文本连贯的内在因素尤其是复杂句的连贯本质，避免产生歧义，从而理解原文作者的真正意图。由于英汉语在对视点问题的认知上存在差异， 作者着重分析了五种视点中存在的对于原文信息的理解以及译文的表达与连贯上有影响的视点问题， 并比较分析两种译文对于这些差异性的处理。 随后，作者选取了两篇译文中前三十章的的 36 个译例进行了详细的对比分析研究。在语篇视点理论的基础上，作者不仅分析了原文中的信息焦点，而且分析了此信息焦点在译文中的表达方式问题。通过分析比较，在句或句群层级上再现原文视点方面，杨必的 iii译文中有 36 例优于贾文浩的译文。除此之外，作者还运用视点理论对比了两篇译文对于决策级层即次篇章层级上的连贯问题处理，比较发现，杨必的译文在次篇章连贯处理上优于贾译文。从而，作者认为在名利场上册连贯问题上，杨必的译文优于贾文浩的译文。除此之外，本文还从语篇结构，语域和语篇功能方面对两篇译文进行了比较，结果发现在这三方面两篇译文均与原文一致。最后这篇文章还从译者的社会因素和翻译动机方面分析了两篇译文。作者发现在杨必的时代，国内的文学思潮影响着杨必对原文中五种视点的理解与重视，而对于贾文浩与贾文渊生活的时代，新世纪的文学思潮提倡保存原作的风格及语言特点，导致对视点问题的忽视。综上所述，从语篇视点翻译批评角度，对于名利场上册部分的翻译，杨必的译文要优于贾文浩与贾文渊的译文。 本文一共由四部分组成。 前言部分主要介绍了本研究的意义及目的， 目前对于 名利场翻译研究在中国的现状，本篇研究的优势以及所采用的研究方法。第二部分是理论阐释部分，主要分析了视点理论的分类以及对翻译研究的意义。另外，作者还讨论了视点研究对解释语篇连贯的认知心理基础以及对英汉翻译的影响。 最后作者提出了用语篇视点翻译方法去评价名利场的两个译文。第三部分是本文的核心部分。作者分别比较分析了两种译文对五种视点问题的处理，以及分析了译文的语篇结构，语域，语篇功能和翻译情境。最后一部分是结论部分。作者总结了此项研究的主要成果并且对于进一步研究提出了一些建议。同时，文章还提出语篇视点理论可以作为翻译原则去指导译者的翻译实践活动。 关键词：语篇视点关键词：语篇视点 语篇层级性语篇层级性 翻译情境翻译情境 语篇外因素语篇外因素 语篇内因素语篇内因素 ivabstract ever since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented three decades ago, literary translation activities have been flourishing in china. apart from the fact that many new literary works have been introduced to chinese, some world classic literary works have been retranslated, and vanity fair is a case in being retranslated by many translators in china. about nineteen chinese versions of vanity fair have been found in the market. however, the reason for the author just chooses yang bis and jia wenhao & jia wenyuans versions in that: firstly, the two versions belong to full translation. of these nineteen versions, five are extract translation, ten are edited translation or with pictures matched, and four are full translation, in which original authors writing style or detailed description can be presented completely and translators skill and strategy may be investigated sufficiently; secondly, many critics claimed yang bis version is the model of free translation of vanity fair, while in the new century jia wenhao & jia wenyuan proposes literal translation in vanity fair. the author in this thesis intends to explore the reason why jia employed literal translation to retranslate vanity fair as well as to evaluate the translation quality of these two versions. looking into the previous study on translation of vanity fair, the author finds that the translation criteria are partial not viewing translation as a communicative process, i.e. translator, original author and target readers as well as translation situation should be considered altogether. therefore, the present study proposes discoursal point of view translation criterion, with the chief aim to give an objective assessment to target versions. the present study is based on the comparative analytical case-study of examples extracted from the first volume of two chinese versions of vanity fair. for discoursal point of view translation criterion in this thesis is based on the concept of textual hierarchy, i.e. operational ranks and strategic decision-making ranks, the author of this thesis maintains that target text should be considered from three perspectives, i.e. extra-textual factors(register, function), intra-textual(coherence, textual structure) factors and translation situation in the evaluation. with regard to translation situation factors, it can be studied from the translators social literary thought factors as well as translators intention, which has a great influence on translators choice of strategy. besides, referring to the coherence of two versions, the present study has employed point of view theory in vdiscourse so as to the original information can be understood exactly, including temporal-spatio pov, ideological pov, narrative pov, perceptual pov and cohesive and coherent pov. by analyzing the differences of cognitive basis of point of view between english and chinese, the present study mainly focuses on the specific points respectively in the five points of view that may influence the understanding of original information and the coherence and readability of target text. accordingly, a detailed analysis of 36 cases is carried out in the thesis. on the perspective of point of view theory, the author not only analyzes the focus information in st, but also points out the differences of expressive form in chinese. consequently, through comparative analysis, there are 36 cases of yangs version is better in reproducing original point of view in tt than jias. besides, the present study still compares the coherence of sub-text of two versions, and finds out that yangs version is better than jias too. thereby, the author declares that owing to the space limitation of this thesis, within the first 30 chapters of vanity fair, yangs version is better than jias on the coherence perspective of tt. furthermore, the present study has probed into the textual structure, register and function of the two target text, the result is yangs and jias version both correspondent with the original one. finally, this thesis has taken the two translators social factors and their intentions into consideration, the author finds out that in yang bis era, the domestic literary trend has made great impact on mrs yangs understanding and paying more attention on the five points of view in the original text, but as to jias era, in the new century the literary trend advocates preserving the original style and features in the target text, leading to ignore the five points of view in the text. in summary, based on the discoursal point of view translation criteria, as to the first volume of vanity fair, yang bis version is better than jia wenhao & jia wenyuans. the present study is composed of 4 parts. the introduction gives a general introduction to the significance and aims of the study, current research on chinese versions of vanity fair in china, necessity of the present study as well as the research methodology. chapter two is the theoretical explanation of the present study, including the definition and categories of discoursal point of view theory as well as its significance to translation. besides, the author even discusses the cognitive basis of pov on explaining the textual coherence and its influence to e-c translation. finally, the author proposes the discoursal point of view translation criterion in evaluating the two versions of vanity fair. chapter three is the focus of the present study. five points of view has been applied to compare two versions, the textual structure, register, function as well as the translation situation are viwithin the research range. chapter four is the conclusion part. the major contributions have been summarized in this research and some suggestions have also been offered for the further study. along with them, the discoursal point of view as the translation principle to guide the translators practice is also put forward. key words: discoursal point of view; textual hierarchy; translation situation; extra-textual; intra-textual i三峡大学学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。 对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明，本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名： 日 期： 11. introduction this study is undertaken to appreciate and compare yang bis and jia wenhao & jia wenyuans translation versions of vanity fair. the research questions are 1) what are the translation criteria of evaluating the two versions? 2) which version is more acceptable? 1.1 the significance of comparing two versions of vanity fair ever since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented three decades ago, literary translation activities have been flourishing in china. apart from the fact that many new literary works have been introduced to china, some world classic literary works have been retranslated, and vanity fair is a case that has been retranslated several times in domestic translation field. based on the authors collection and classification, there are at least 19 chinese versions of vanity fair published in the domestic market and the form of tt is various. some are full translation which is to reproduce the whole of original state to the readers, such as yang bis(1957), jia wenhaos(2006), xie lings(1997), sun jingyuans(2002); some are extract translation which intends to transfer the general information to the readers and always as the teaching material on students textbook, such as peng changjiangs(2002), and others are edited translation that is to make the readers understand easily and popularize this world literary work in china extensively, like zhou min(1997), rong rude(2000), fan xiaoqing(2004) etc, in which many pictures have been correlated to make the story interesting and impressive. in view of so many versions published in the market and their various styles, inevitably there are some less-qualified or low-readability versions in the market. therefore the author intends to evaluate the translation quality of these versions. to the authors part, the translation version should be of research significance in the academic circle, including its language and style or other literary element. by comparing the former varieties of vanity fair, this thesis will focus on the full translation. in addition, yang bis version has been taken as the model of adaptation translation of vanity fair, but in jia wenhao & jia wenyuans version literal translation has been employed to retranslate it in the new century, thus it is necessary for researchers to study the background situations inhabited in the two translation versions. as to xie lings version published in 1997, with its correspondent translation strategy to 2yangs and its mere difference in the refreshed language form, it is useless to have a research on it. in sun jingyuans version, she points out in the preface that her version intends to meet middle school students reading needs, so the language of tt is more simple and interesting, in other words, the register between st and tt is somehow different. so it is not worthy either carrying out a research on suns version. to sum up, the present study will employ yang bis and jia wenhao & jia wenyuans version to compare, which are both full translations, but differring in translation strategies. thus it is necessary to conduct a research to appreciate these two versions and evaluate the translation quality of them. 1.2 general review on different approaches to the study of the translation versions of vanity fair through searching on the internet or database as well as academic journals, the author notices that by now there are about 63 articles involving several dissertations on studying translation versions of vanity fair in china. in order to make clear the viewpoints declared in the previous studies, then four aspects has been categorized as follows by the author: 1) linguistic-based approach. the research is mainly conducted on the basis of linguistic theories, such as grices cooperative principle and conversational implicature, relevance theory, information theory and stylistics. the representative authors include pei fenhong(2006); hu changzhi(2007); zhuang xiyan(2008); hong yuting(2009) and lu huan(2006). 2) functionalism-based approach. xu xiaomei(2004) aims at taking translation as a dynamic activity in light of functionalism theory, i.e. translation criteria is text-typology oriented, employing a comparative case study on two chinese versions of vanity fair. 3) philosophy-based approach. this approach has totally subscribed to the viewpoints of gadamers hermeneutics and advocates translators subjectivity in the translation process. the author has combined the theory with the case study on the translation version of vanity fair. the researchers include lin xiaoping(2007), xu xiangcai(2005). 4) feminism-based approach. this kind of approach mainly discusses that translators gender may exert an influence on translators understanding of original authors intention in the st and also his decision of translation strategy in the tt. the main researchers involved du ying(2007) and han yunxia(2007). apart from the four categories related to the study of translation versions of vanity fair, there are also some 3articles related to the study of translation skills by employing some examples in vanity fair, the authors like tao youlan(1997), wang haiyan & zhang lingjing(2008) , wu ling(2007) etc. however, of the previous study, there are still some limitations. firstly, as to cp(conversational principle) theory and relevance theory referred in the previous study, they declare that the implied meaning should be expressed in tt, which may lead to the loss of stylistic feature of the original text that is the paramount element in the novel; secondly, information theory mentioned in the previous study requires the manifestation of original authors intention in tt, but the so-called intention in the st is merely from researchers subjective judgment, without rational evidence inferred from the st; thirdly, functionalism-based approach maintains translators should mediate between the senders intention and target receivers expectation under the loyalty principle, which ignores the influence of translators or initiators intention on the choice of translation strategy. besides, the function of novel differs along with the change of the translators era, for instance, the function of the novel created in the war time is to encourage peoples resistance, or express the authors anti-war attitude. if the translator is situated in the same condition as the author, s/he will adopt the evocative function of the novel. however, these works may also be taken as the literary material to be studied or appreciated in the tt when the translator hasnt experienced the war time, so the evocative function decreases and the expressive function has increased; fourthly, hermeneutics perspective has overemphasized translators subjectivity and degraded the paramount position of original text, by which the evaluation will not be called objective and just assessment. in a word, so far the status quo of the research of translation version of vanity fair in domestic translation circle is not good, especially for the study on the retranslation phenomenon of vanity fair, thus it is necessary to push forward the study on vanity fair to a new development stage. 1.3 discoursal point of view approach and translation versions of vanity fair in view of the above-mentioned facets of issues, the author in this thesis will propose the discoursal point of view (thereafter dpov) approach to evaluate the two versions of vanity fair, aiming to avoid those problems mentioned above. discoursal point of view 4approach is a new and developing theory popularized in linguistic field increasingly and the research on it is not adequate so far, let alone the research on combining discoursal point of view theory with translation field. according to statistics made by the researcher of this thesis, the studies that correlate the point of view theory with translation mainly focus on the application of point of view on the translation of classic chinese poetry(zhang, 2005); dpov and the translation of traditional chinese medicine instruction(fu, 2006); dpov and evaluation of zhang guruos translation version of tess of the durbervilles(li, 2009) as well as the application of dpov to guide the composition teaching in english(liu, 2006). this author has enlarged dpov theory on the basis of previous study between dpov and translation and then formed the new translation criteria to evaluate the translation versions of vanity fair. the translation criterion based on dpov proclaims that the critics should take the translation situation as the pivot to balance the value between original text system and target text system. in this thesis, based on the discoursal point of view translation criteria, the author will employ the methodology of comparative analysis to analyze the cases extracted from yang bis version and jia yuanhao & jia wenyuans verison of vanity fair, aiming to find out the better one and give an objective assessment to the two versions. 1.4 the overall structure of this thesis this thesis includes four chapters. the introduction part gives a general description of the study, including research questions, hypotheses, significance and purpose of the present study as well as the research methodology in the thesis. in addition, by retrospection of the previous study on the translation of vanity fair, there are still some problems over the previous studies, such as ignoring the style of the original text or overemphasizing the translators subjectivity etc. accordingly, the author proposes the translation criteria of this thesis on the ground of discoursal point of view theory and explains the advantages of this criterion over the previous ones. chapter two has made an elaborate explanation of theoretical basis in this thesis. the author firstly makes a systemic description of her proposal of translation criteria on the basis of discoursal point of view as well as its function on evaluating the two versions of vanity fair. then, the author analyzes the