八年级英语下册-1-12单元语法复习要点-北师大版.doc

八年级下units 1-10的复习要点Unit 1 Will people have robots?1. see sb. do sth. 看见sb.做某事（的全过程）;see sb. doing sth. 看见sb.正在做某事（片断）2. 没有具体的数目用“hundreds of+名词（复数） ” 表示“数以百计的” 有具体的数目时，用“基数词+hundred+名词（复数）”，hundred后不能有s，也不能用介词 of。（类似的词还有thousands of; millions of）3. 一段时间 + from now （从现在起）之后; from now on = in the future 今后eg. twenty years from now 今后20年4. 肯定句：I think (that). 否定句： I dont think (that).一般疑问句：Do you think ? 特殊疑问句：What do you think.?4. study at home on computer 辨析：on，in和with. on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等； in：使用语言文字等媒介； with：借助具体的手段或工具。 Eg. I dont want to talk about it on the phone. Can you speak it in English? Dont write it with a red pen.3. Will people use money in 100 years? “in+时间”结构常与一般将来时连用，对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词how soon.4. before 可用于任何时态 ago 与过去时连用5. fewer people更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）less free time更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定） 6. in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）7. live alone单独居住；feel lonely感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely。8. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪 。9. no more=not anymore不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）no longer=not any longer不再（强调状态不再发生）10.besides（除之外还，包括）；except =but（除之外，不包括）11.be able to=can 能、会（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；12.have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态。例如：1）I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can） 2） had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）13. over and over again 一次又一次 be in different shapes 形状不同 14. 形容词最高级表示“最。之一”时，可用“ one of the + 最高级+复数名词”15.一般将来时的三种基本结构： will +V. be going to +V. be + Ving 一般将来时的时间状语：in + 时间，in the future，next + 时间，与tomorrow 相关的时间，this + 时间，from now on，right now，some day16. 比较be going to 与will:a)be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.b) be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.c) be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.d)在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.Unit 2 What should I do?1.call up sb.“ 给某人打电话”（sb.是代词的话，代词放中间） call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.2.borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借入某物 （= borrow sbs sth.）borrow from从.借( 借进来) lendto 把借给（借出去）You can keep the book for a week你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow或lend）3.pay for sth. 为某物付（钱）4.need to do sth. （某人）需要做某事5.the same + n. + as 与一样的 6.get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽 （get on =get along）7.have a fight with sb. 与某人争吵,与某人打架 (=fight with sb.) 8. take part in 加入 (=jion)9.plan sth. for sb. “为某人计划某事” plan to do sth. “计划做某事”10.as much as possible 尽可能多的11.Sb. pay for sth. 某人为某物花了钱。Sth. cost sb. 某物花了某人钱。 Sb. spend on sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）在某事上。 (in) doing sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）做某事。 It takes/took sb. to do sth. 花了某人（时间、金钱）做某事。12. not until 直到才 （主句动词是短暂性动词） until 一直到 （主句中使用延续性动词）13. leave sth.（+in/at 地点） 遗忘或落了某物（在某地）; forget 忘记某事14.write sb a letter=write to sb.给某人写信15. be surprised at 对感到吃惊; to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是.surprise sb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）have a surprise party 举办一个惊喜派对16. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵 17.return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人18.enough money足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) 19.a ticket to/for a ball game一张球赛的门票注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格19.表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed(说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）eg.I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.20.情态动词a) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化；b) 情态动词不能直接做谓语，必须和一个动词原形同时使用；c) 大多数情态动词没有时态的变化；d)情态动词加上be，通常表示猜测的语气。Unit3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1. in front of - behide 在的前面 - 在的后面in the front of - at the back of 在的前部 - 在的后部（包含在内）2.follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事3.shout at 训斥、责备; shout to 向喊叫4. What happen？ 发生什么事了？ happen = take place 发生take place发生（强调必然性）；happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性）What has happened to you?=Whats the matter with you?=Whats wrong with you?5.have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣 have difficult time doing sth干某事有困难6.have meaning to sb. 对sb.有意义 （注意用介词to）7.at the doctors “在诊所” 在这里用名词所有格表示在那个地方8.in the tree在树上 （外物在树上） on the tree在树上（树上有的，如花，果子）9.on Sunday evening在星期日晚上注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）10.过去进行时: 用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。谓语结构：be ( was, were )+ Ving时间状语：at that time/moment; at + 点钟 + yesterday/last night from +点钟 + to +点钟 + yesterday; this time yesterday ; just then when he came in, .（when引导的时间状语从句是过去时，并且动词是短暂性动词时，主句使用过去进行时）11when与while都是从属连词，都有“当时”的意思。when 可与一个点的时间或表示一段的时间连用，从句动词可以是短暂性或延续性动词；while 只指一段时间，不能指一点时间。因此while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.1. be mad at sb.因为某事对某人发火（=get mad at/be angry with/be annoyed with）2. pass ( on ) sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人; pass on （代词放中间）3. be supposed to = should 应该4.have a hard time with sth. 在某事上/做某事处境困难 doing sth.5. true 符合客观事实的（人和事）；really 真实存在的（人和事）6. bothand两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则） neither.nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）7. most of+the+名词（复数）绝大多数（作主语） most+名词（复数） 大多数的（作名词的定语）8.take leave a message 捎（留）个口信9. 宾语从句 引导词：that 引导陈述句，在句中可省略； if，whether 引导一般疑问句，可相互替换（从句中出现or not时只能使用whether）； wh-，h- 引导特殊疑问句。主句从句一般现在时各种时态一般过去时相应的过去时态 时态： 注意：从句讲述的是客观真理时，不根据主句改变时态。 语序：引导词后加陈述句语序 “主句 + 引导词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语 + 其他”Direct Speech and Reported Speech直接引语变为间接引子变为宾语从句即可。以下是另需变化的两点 人称和所有格：“ 一主，二宾，三不变 ” 状语与动词的变化Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1.let sb. in/out/by 让某人进来/出去/过去 2.be late for 迟到3.be sorry (that) 感到遗憾 4.organize sth. for 为组织某事5.half (of) the class 半班 6. join = take part in 参加7.take away 把拿走、没收 bring sth. to 把某物带来；take sth. to 把某物带走.； take sth. from 从把某物带走8.be famous for 因而出名 be famous as 因作为而出名9. make a living (by) doing sth. 做某事谋生10. decide to do sth. 决定去做某事 （= decide+that从句）11. in order to do sth. 以便、为了 that + 目的状语从句 = so that in order 整齐、有条理、正常12.too much + 不可数名词 too many + 可数名词 much too + 形容词13.against 反对、与相反、与对抗 argue against 抵制14条件状语从句由if或unless引导，表示如果有从句中的动作发生，就会有主句的动作发生。在条件状语从句中，主句是将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，从句要使用一般现在时表达将来的意思（即：主将从现）。if：如果 ；unless：除非 = if not（从句中出现or not时只能使用whether）；Eg. We will have a meeting tomorrow if Mr. Gao doesnt leave for Shanghai. = We will have a meeting tomorrow unless Mr. Gao leaves for Shanghai.本单元学习的是if 引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子 叫条件状语 从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“ 如果的话”，用法如下：1）、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下： If +句子（一般现在时），+主句（主语will/may/can) +动词）a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play.b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel .2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民 间谚语等，句型是： If + 句子 （一般现在时 ），+ 主句 （ 一般现在时）.例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water .If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft .If a plant dont get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?1. 现在完成进行时(1) 结构：have/has + been + V.ing.(2) 用法：A).表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在且很有可能持续下去； Eg. Ive been doing the cleaning all this morning. B).表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的某一动作刚刚结束； Eg.Youre late again! Ive been waiting here for an hour. C).表示一个一直到说话时为止的一段时间内一再重复的动作。Eg. I have been calling you several times in two days. (3) 时间状语：all the time/this morning, since morning, all night, this week/month, recently 等(4) 对现在完成进行时的时间状语进行提问时使用how long。How long have you been skating?Ive been skating since I was seven years old.Ive been skatingfor 5 years old.2. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时区别：现在完成进行时侧重于动作的持续、运行；而现在完成时强调动作的完成。如：I have written a letter to my father.（到现在信已写完）我给我的父亲写了一封信。I have been writing a letter to my father.（一直在写，现在还在写）我一直在给我的父亲写信。再看：I wrote a letter to my father. 我给我的父亲写过一封信。3. by the way顺便说一下 on the way to.在的路上4. be interested in对感兴趣 (take an interest in) 5. more than=ove超过6. fly kites放风筝 7.listen to music videos 听音乐碟片8.organize a talent show to raise money for charity 为慈善机构捐钱而举办的才艺展示9.have problems with the language 语言方面有问题17.in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格 10.the capital of Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江的省会11.an interesting city with a colorful history 一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城市 12.three and a half years =three years and a half三年半13.a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤How much is a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?= How much does a(this) pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?How much are the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans?= How much do the skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans cost?13.And although I live quite far from Beijing, Im certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008. 尽管我住得离北京很远，但我相信2008年奥运会我一定在这儿。(although=though,但不能与but连用； be certain=be sure 相信，确信。14.the+比较级, the+比较级 ； 比较级+and+比较级 “越,越.” Eg.The more you learn,the clever you are. He ran faster and faster.15. Every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每位学生每溜冰一个小时就能为慈善事业筹到10元钱。every 和each 都表示“每一个”，但every是指整体，each是指每个个体。16. the whole five hours 整整五个小时 (whole前面要有the)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?1. turn down/up 调小/大（音量）turn on/off 打开/关上（电源开关）2. not at all 一点也不 3. right away = in a minute=at once=right now 立刻、马上4. do/wash the dish 洗碗 5.get out of 出来 6.feed the dog 喂狗 keep the dog 养狗7. put on 穿上（动作） wear 穿着（状态） dress sb. 为某人穿衣服8. follow sb. around 跟在某人周围 follow. to do9. get/be mad at sb.= get /be annoy with sb.= get/be angrysb. 对某人感到恼火10. all the time 一直 11. complain about 抱怨12 be polite to sb. 有礼貌地对某人13. try (not) to do sth. 尽力（不去）做某事14. must be 一定是 15. keep down 保持音量16. seem like 看上去像 sound like 听起来像 feel like 感觉像 look like 说外貌17. be allowed 被允许 allow (not) to do sth.允许（不）做某事18. even if/though 尽管、即使19. take care = be careful=look/wacth out小心20. in public places 在公众场合 in public 公开地，当众地21. put out 熄灭 22. drop litter 乱丢垃圾 23. pick up 捡起、拾起24.Would you mind turning down the music? 你介不介意把音乐声关小呢？Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）？= Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做（不做）好吗？25. The pen you bought didnt work. = The pen you bought wasnt broken. = There was something wrong with the pen you bought.= Something was wrong with the pen you bought. 你买的那把笔坏了。26.stand to do sth. “忍受做某事”27. This happens to me all the time in the school library. 在学校图书馆我一直碰上这种事。（ happen to sb. “发生在某人身上”）28. Would you mind keeping your voice down? 你介不介意把音量放小呢？voice: 名词，指说话和唱歌地嗓音； talk in a loud voice 高声交谈noise: 名词，指人们不愿听到地噪音；sound: 名词，泛指自然界一切可以听到的声音。29.Its better to do sth.=had better do sth.“最好做某事” （had better是情态动词）Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?1.get sb. sth.=get sth. to sb. 为某人买某物 (get=buy, buy.for)2. have fun with sth. 做有乐趣 have fun doing sth.3. hear of 听说 (=hear about)4. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 5. make progress 取得进步 6. be able to = can 能够7.from across China = from all over China 来自全中国 8.compare with/to sth. 与相比9. fall asleep 入睡（动作） be asleep 入睡（状态）10. Why dont you get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢？ get sb. sth. for 为了 给某人买某物( = get sth. to sb. for )注意：当sth. 是代词时，不可使用第二种用法。11. Thats not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。enough有两种词性：当它用来修饰形容词、副词时，作为副词，应放在所修饰的词之后，如上句；当它用来修饰名词时,应放在名词之后，如：I dont have enough time to spend with her.12. What a lucky guy! 幸运的家伙！=How lucky the guy is!13. Now shes too big to sleep in the house. 现在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。too to ：太以致于不能= so that 主语 cant .=not.enough to do.e.g. He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he cant go to school. = He isnt old enough to go to school. = He is very young and he cant go to school.注意：tooto是一个简单句，而sothat是一个复合句。并且当复合句中的主句主语和从句主语不同时，在句型中要用for sb.来表述。如：The digital camera is so expensive that we cant buy it.= The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy.= The digital camera isnt cheap enough for us to buy.= The digital camera is very expensive and we cant buy it.15. My shoes were really cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花5美圆。cost：花费（金钱）主语为物； pay：花费（金钱）主语为人；（需和for连用）take：花费（时间、金钱）主语为物；spend ：花费（时间、金钱）主语为人。（后有介词on 或动词的ing形式）16. Why dont you +V原?= Why not +V原? 为什么不.呢？17. instead 为副词，在句首、句末独立作状语 “相反”instead of 为介词短语，后面接名词、代词、介词、动词-ing(=rather than，但是rather than前后的动词时态和人称是相一致的)eg. I wont go with him.Ill go with you instead.= Ill go with you instead of him.Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?1. hear of/about 听说 hear from 收到的消息/来信2. think about 考虑 think of 想起；认为 3. take a ride 兜风 4. end up 结束 5.three quarters of 四分之三 eg. three fifths 五分之三英语分数巧记 :英语分数不费事，母序子基四个字 ;分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s. 6.Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾经去过水上公园吗？No, I havent.不，我没有。Me neither. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也没有。这是一个否定的省略句。它的结构是“ Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”。而用在肯定的省略句中时要使用so，它的结构是“So+ be动词/助动词/情态动词”。如：- I paid 20 yuan for this book. - So did I.7. Its just so much fun in Disneyland. 迪斯尼乐园里有如此之多的乐趣。More than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 超过四分之三的人是中国人。8. This is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因为这个岛是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何时候都可以去。9. 现在完成时 (1) 用法：动作到现在已经完成或刚刚完成; 过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响；过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。(2) 基本结构：have/has + V.过去分词(3) 时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间, since + 过去的时间点/过去时的从句，等。(4) 注意事项: A. 现在完成时是现在的时态,重点表达目前的结果和状态; B. 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用for + 时间段, since +点时间连用。对for与since短语提问用how long。 C. 现在完成时从不与when引起的疑问句联用。 D. have been to：去过 have gone to：去了 have been in：呆在 E. 短暂性动词变为延续性动词： buy - have hadborrow - have kept make friends - have been friends join - have been in / have been a member of become - have been a member die - have been deadget to know - have known come/go to do - have done catch a cold - have had a cold begin/start to do - have done begin / start - have been on enter / come / arrive / get to / reach - have been in/at go / leave for / set off / set out - have been away from10. since，for在现在完成（进行）时中的用法差异(1) since 后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句。He has been an English teacher since three years ago.We have known each other since we came to study in this university.(2) for后接时间段。 He has lived here for three years.11. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如： He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里） He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。（并不涉及他现在是否住在这里）Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt?1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事2. look through 浏览3.cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿过一条繁忙的街道 （穿过表面） go through 穿过（空间/房间/森林等） go past 经过/路过4. think of 想起、认为 5.come along 出现，发生 ，跟着来6.be friendly to sb. 对某人友好7. get along/on with sb. 与某