初中英语语法之动词.ppt

Review,动词的种类：,1.实意动词playgetputwalktakerungocomedo,2.情态动词cancouldmustneedmaymightwouldshouldhavetooughttohadbetter,3.连系动词bebecomekeepgetturnlooksoundsmellfeeltasteseemstaygo,4.助动词dodoesdidwillhave/hashadbe(amisarewaswere)wouldshallshould,注有些单词可能有两种。如lookgetturnfeelhavehashad等。但他们在不同的句子中的意思是不一样的。,动词的六种基本形式：,1.do(动词原形）2.does(动词的单数三人称）3.did(动词的过去式）4.doing(现在分词）5.done(过去分词）6.todo(不定式),谓语动词,非谓语动词,及物动词和不及物动词:及物动词后面能直接带宾语,而不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语.英语中还有些动词既可用作用及物动词,又可用作不及物动词.如1.Istudypaintingatschool.2.Idontknowtheanswer.3.Heisreadingabook.4.Heisreading.5.Isawherdancing.6.Lilyissinging.7.Theboylaughedatlast.,(及物),(及物),(及物),(不及物),(及物),(不及物),(不及物),持续性动词和终止性动词:持续性动词是能持续发生一段时间的动作.终止性动词是不能持续发生一段时间的动作,瞬间发生瞬间结束的动作。,1.Hergrandfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.()2.Hergrandfatherhasdiedfortenyears.()3.HowlongcanIborrowthebook?()4.HismotherhasbeenawaysincelastTuesday.(),Y,Y,N,N,die_borrow_jion_open_,leave_close_buy_begin_come_,bedead,beaway(from),keep,beclosed,bein,beamemberof,have,beon,beopen,behere/stay/live,句子的成分:由不同的词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫做句子.一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成,这些部分叫做句子成分.英语的句子成分有八种:,主语Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.,谓语动词Tomwasverysickatheart.,表语Thematchbecameveryexciting.,宾语Wehaventseenherforalongtime.,定语Chinaisadevelopingcountry.,状语Theseproductsaresellingquickly.,宾语补足语Ifoundwatchingmoviesfrustrating.,主语补足语,简单句,由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子叫简单句,简单句的五种基本句型：,主语+谓语（不及物动词）Myleghurts.Hehasgotup.Theysetoffearly.,主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish.Theywanttogohome.,2主语+系动词+表语（谓语动词为系动词）Hisfaceturnedred.Myfatherisathome.,主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语HegaveTomapresent.HegaveapresenttoTomHeboughtitforhismother.,主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Ifounditveryinteresting.,Therebe句型表示存在有Therewillbeasportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.therebe结构有各种时态，be动词应遵循就近原则,判断下列各句中属于简单句的哪种基本句型,1.Itrainedveryheavilylastnight.2.Pleasepassmethesugar.3.MichaelfoundChineseinteresting.4.Ilikeapplesalot.5.Youlooksmarttoday.6.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.7.Theyloveeachother.8.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.9.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.10.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacar.,翻译下列句子,明天上午四节课，它们是语文、数学、英语和体育。康康每天骑自行车上学。我昨晚做家庭作业和看电视。请你给我一本有趣的书，好吗？穿红衣服的那个女孩认识名叫王海的男孩。游泳是一项很好的运动。他棋下得很好。我经常听他唱英语歌曲。你能告诉我去邮局的路吗？10我有重要的事告诉你。,Therewillbefourclassestomorrowmorning.TheyerChinese,math,EnglishandP.E.,KangKanggoestoschoolbybikeeveryday.,IdidmyhomeworkandwatchedTvyesterdayevening.,Couldyougivemeaninterestingbook?,ThegirlinredknowstheboynamedWangHai.,Swimmingisakindofgoodsport.,Heplayschessverywell./Heisgoodatplayingchess.,IoftenhearhimsingEnglishsongs.,Couldyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.,Letscheckuptheanswers.,1.tosave,2.climbing,3.tolearn,4.isreported,5.is,6.was;thinking;tohelp,7.bedone;happening,8.spoken;speaking,9.tostay;go,10.tosend,1.exactly,2.deeply,3.inventor,4.frightened,5.natural,6.pointing,7.receiving,8.preferred,9.discussion,10.excited,Sample:,Boysandgirls,Goodafternoon.Todayletstalkaboutgettingon-line.Manystudentslikegettingon-lineverymuch.Theycanlearnhowtousethemodernmachinecomputer.Theycanlearnsomemoreknowledge.Itcanmakethemclevertoplaydifferentkindsofgames.Butsomestudentsspendtoomuchtimeinplayinggames.Someevenmakefriendson-linethoughtheyareyoung.Theywritetoomanyletterstoeachother.Ittakesthemtoomuchtime.Sotheydoworseandworseintheirlessons.Ithinktheymustntgeton-linewhentheyarestudyingatschool.Theycandoitinsummerorwinterholidays.,例如：1.HelivesinNewYork.2.Imetanoldfriendofmineinthestreetthismorning.3.Ihelpherandshehelpsme.4.Mr.WangandIoftenworktogetherandhelpeachother.5.Hesaidnothingtohisparents.,例如：1.ShecanspeakEnglish,butIcant.2.CanIuseyourdictionary?3.Hecouldswimwhenhewasseven.4.MayIborrowyourpen?5.wemustfinishourhomeworktoday.6.Myfatherisnothere.Hemightbeworkinginthegarden.7.Youshouldnteatbetweenmeals.Itwillmakeyoufat.8.Youneedntwritetohim,forhewillbeheretomorrow.,注：need既可以作情态动词也可以作实意动词。,例如：1.Sheisateacher.2.IbecameateacherwhenIgrewup.3.KeepstillwhileIamtakingapictureofyou.4.Thisbaroftenstaysopentilltwelveatnight.5.Silkfeelssoft.6.Theflowerssmellverysweet.7.Ittastesfine.8.Theideasoundsquiteallright.9.Thoughitisspringnow,itremainscoldinthiscity.10.Thedaysaregettingshorterandshorter.,例如：1.Heissinging.2.Hehasfinishedhishomework.3.Doyoulikeschoollife?4.DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?5.Hedoesntlikeplalyingfootball.6.Theydidntcomeherethismorning.7.Thetrainhadleftbeforehegottothestation.8.Therewillbeasportsmeetingnextweekinourschool.,助动词是帮助完成时态、语态、句式的，不需要翻译,例如：1.Helooksverytired.(系动词，看起来）2.Sheislookingafterherson.(实意动词，看）3.Pleaseturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.(实意动词，关掉）4.Herfaceturnedredwhensherealizedshemadeamistake.(系动词，变得）,主语是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体.可以充当主语的有:名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和主语从句.,1.Beijingisabeautifulcity.2.ThefirstisLiLei.3.Threeofusqregoingtherebyboat.4.Weareproudofourcountry.5.Whatmakesyousohappy?6.Surfingisoneofrhemostpopularsportsintheworld.7.Togiveisbetterthantoreceive.8.Whathesaidmademeangry.9.Doesyourfatherlikeswimming?,(名词),(代词),(代词),(数词),(动名词),(不定式),(句子),(代词),(名词),谓语是表达主语动作或状态的成分,通常位于主语之后.行为动词可以直接用作谓语;连系动词必须和表语一起构成谓语;助动词和情态动词必须和其他动词一起构成复合谓语.,1.Timeflies!2.Hehasworkedinthisschoolfortwentyyears.3.Theflowershavecomeout.4.Theschoolsportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.5.ShecanspeaknotonlyFrenchbutalsoEnglish.6.Youneedntworryaboutherstudy.7.Hermotherlooksyoung.8.itsbecomingaseriousproblem.,注:谓语动词一定要反映该句的时态和语态.并且要和主语在人称和数上一致,表语是用来说明主语的身份.特征或状态.它们于连系动词之后.名词.代词,形容词,副词,数词,分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语和从名等都可作表语.,1.Itisalovelyhouse.2.Moneyisnteverything.3.Shelookedveryyoung.4.Isthedoctorin?5.Theoldmaniseighty-two.6.Thefirstthingistogreettheteacher.7.Thedoorremainedclosed.8.Seeingisbelieving.9.Whensomeoneisintrouble,weshouldhelphim.10.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.,(名词),(代词),(形容词),(副词),(数词),(不定式),(分词),(动名词),(介词短语),(从句),宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者.宾语一般放在及物动词之后.英语介词也会跟宾语.可作宾语的有名词,数词,代词,动名词等.不定式也可作及物动词的宾语.还有句子,也就是宾语从句.,1.WealllikeEnglish.2.Pleasehelpme.3.Howmanybooksdoyouwant?Iwantfour.4.Heenjoysswimming.5.Hehopedtoarrivethereontime.6.Idontthinkthatheisright.7.Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.8.Whataboutgoingswimming?9.Motherboughtmeanewskirt.,(名词),(代词),(数词),(动名词),(不定式),(从句),(名词作介词宾语),(动名词作介词宾语),(双宾语),此句有两个宾语me和anewskirt,me是间接宾语,anewskirt是直接宾语.也可写成Motherboughtanewskirtforme.像这样的动词有:showpasssendteachtellwritetakelend等.直接宾语和间接宾语可交换位置,但要加to或for.,定语是修饰名词或代词的成分.形容词,代词,数词,名词,不定式动名词,分词,介词短语和从句等可用作定语.,1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.WhoseEnglishbookisit?3.Afewpicturesfelloffthewall.4.Ourofficeisonthethirdfloor.5.Therearealotofbananatreesinthatvillage.6.Intheendwefoundawaytosolvetheproblem.7.Canyoutellmethewaytothenearestpostoffice?8.E