2019高考英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题2 七选五阅读课件.ppt

第一编,专题二七选五阅读,明晰体裁与题材特点，缩小刷题数量,题型透析,透析题型设置，采用高效答题技巧,实现满分小目标，方向和方法都重要专项训练精、准、巧。七选五阅读主要考查对文章的整体内容和结构，以及上下文的逻辑意义的理解。分析文章结构是很多学生的弱项，因此要对这种理清文章脉络的能力进行强化训练。加强归纳段落标题、归纳段落主题句、寻找过渡句、寻找上下文联系、寻找下文联系等的专项训练，以此来规范做题思路，形成好的阅读习惯。,专攻说明文，强化文章结构分析。说明文常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一个存在的社会现象或者我们生活中所面临的某个具体难题。作者会选择一个合适的角度，有条不紊地对其加以说明。分析文章结构就是弄清楚文章内容和结构上的关系和布局，理解文章段落之间的联系、段落内的关系、句子与句子之间的关系，从而从结构上和内容上分辨选项信息属于文章的哪一段，或者某一段的哪一部分。这样就能比较准确地确定选项的位置。,规范做题流程，避免大小失误。第一步：浏览选项，阅读正文，明确目标。理解选项句意，并找出选项中的关联词。然后带着选项速读全文，重点关注文章首尾句、文章标题、段落标题，把握文章大意，理解全文逻辑关系，再根据上下文语段内容，初步确定部分题目的答案；第二步：仔细阅读，抓住关键，筛选答案。了解了文章大意和选项内容之后，回头细读文章，分析上下文语段之间的联系，分析空格前后内容的关系，寻找线索词，匹配关键词，确定有把握的选项。第三步：代入选项，审视差异，确定答案。对于拿不准的选项，多考虑出题人的命题思路和文章主旨，与文章主旨一致和选项往往是正确答案。,真题体验,(2018全国)Colorisfundamentalinhomedesignsomethingyoullalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyoulllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthatsfulloflife？Professional？Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday？1._，coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears，therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.2._，theycangetalittleplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthererereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome：thesmallones，themediumones，andthelargeones.,B,A,3._.Theyrethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows，mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa，smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas，dinnertablesorbookshelves.4._.Theyrequireabiggermitmentthansmallerones，andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls，ceilings，andfloors.Whetheryourelookingatwallpaperorpaint，thetime，effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.5._.,D,G,F,AWhileallofthemareusefulBWhateveryourelookingforCIfyoureexperimentingwithacolorDSmallcolorchoicesaretheonesweremostfamiliarwithEItsnotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesFSoitpaystobesure，becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeGColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways文章大意：颜色是房间设计的基本要素之一。这篇说明文介绍了大、中、小三种规模物品的颜色选择及各自的优点。,解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空前的三个问句是问读者想要寻找什么样的房间设计，结合空后的coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel可知，不管你想让你的房间怎样，颜色是关键。本设空类型属于细节理解类。解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的allofthem相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境，故为答案。本设空类型属于细节理解类。解析：解本题可用设题位置法。上一段最后提到thesmallones，themediumones，andthelargeones，再结合最后两段首句中的mediumcolorchoices和thelargecolordecisions可判断，本段介绍smallcolorchoices，故选D项。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。,解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。根据空后的requireabiggermitmentthansmallerones，andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace可知，这里讲述两个方面，这与G项中的intwomajorways相照应。本设空类型属于细节理解类。解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。根据空前的thetime，effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant可知，大型物品的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很大，这恰与F项构成因果关系。本设空类型属于细节理解类。,名师点津,技法例析,1挖空位置推理法段首句,(2016全国)_37_Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants，flowers，patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料)._38_.However，thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemesfromourearliestyears.Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.GrandmasrosegardenandDadsvegetablegarden.,典例1,AKnowwhyyougardenBFindagoodplaceforyourowngardenCItsourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersDItsdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersEStillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsFYoucanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden，tooGForeachofthosegardens，writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave,解题思路本题考查主题句。首先形式上要与第二个标题“Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemories”一致，故在A项和B项之间选择。再根据本段倒数第二句“However，thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.”可知，本段主要讲要弄清自己为什么要种植花木。尝试解答：_,A,(2017全国)_37_Inordertomakeachange，youneedtodecidewhyitsimportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily，getinsomeexercise，orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday？Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons，tellyourfamilyorroommatesaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwantto.,典例2,AGetasleepspecialist.BFindtherightmotivation.CAbetterplanforsleepcanhelp.DAndconsidersettingasecondalarm.EIfthestepsyoutakeareworking，keepitup.FSticktoyoursetbedtimeandwakeuptime，nomattertheday.GReconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.,解题思路本题考查段落主题句。形式上应与下一个标题Reconsidermorning一致，故在A、B、F和G之间选择。再根据空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的说找到正确的动机，因此本空选B。尝试解答：_,B,段中句,段中句,段落内部过渡句,阅读空格前后内容，挖掘内在逻辑关系，注意衔接词和体现逻辑关系的信号词(this/that/these/those/such/it.)和核心词汇的重复，同时注意该段主题句,段落间过渡句,阅读上一段的结尾和下一段的内容，注意衔接词和体现逻辑关系的信号词(next，also，inaddition，however.,(2013全国片段)Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction；sales；thepurchaseofequipment，materialsandsupplies；andaccounting._74_Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.EThesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.FInthetheoryofbusinessmanagement，organizationhastwomainaspects.,典例1,解题思路根据上下文所提到的one和下文所得到的thethird可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项Thesecondaspect.吻合。尝试解答：此题属并列关系，故选_表示并列关系的词有：first(ly)，second(ly)，.；first，then/next，.；inthefirstplace，inthesecondplace.；foronething，foranother(thing)，.；tobeginwith，toconclude等词，表明前后句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。,E,(2015北京片段)First，understandthatsomeopportunities(机会)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams._73_Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyouredaydreaming，trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertaskpreferablysomethingsimple，liketakingashowerorwalking，orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.AHavinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.DAtonetime，daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.,典例2,解题思路选项A中的alsohelps与空格前面句子中的help相对应，且两句话的主语形式统一，都说的是“做白日梦”的条件。尝试解答：此题属递进关系，故选_递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：too，also，besides，further，furthermore，moreover，whatsmore，inaddition，aswell，tomakemattersworse，not.but.，notonly.butalso等。,A,(2014辽宁片段)ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外线).Longtermstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis，itsextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses._37_CTheycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.DStayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.,典例3,解题思路空白处前面的句子“Nomatterwhattheseasonis，itsextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.”意为“无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其重要的”，属于总结概括句。选项C意为“它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛”，本句是对上句观点的举例说明，能很好地顺接语境。尝试解答：此题属例证关系，故选_前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演练(从观点到例子)。,C,(2013全国片段)Getacoach_51_，sogethelp.Sincethereareaboutabillionpaniesoutthereallreadytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses，herearesomethingstolookforwhendecidingthetrainingthatsrightforyou.AYouarentlikeanybodyelseDChecktherulesaboutdosanddontsEWhateverthepresentation，publicspeakingistough,典例4,解题思路根据“sogethelp”可知应填一个表示原因的句子。根据下句中的“.readytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses.”也可知开头说的与publicspeaking有关。尝试解答：故选_表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore，thus，consequently(结果)，asaresult(of)，so/such.that.，sothat.等。,E,(2016全国片段)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography._37_Forexample，thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”AItisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.BInanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.COnlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.,典例5,DAslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.EYoucanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.FWithacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.GAnotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.,解题思路根据forexample可知，接下来的举例讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。尝试解答：_,E,(2015全国片段)Youdidntlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost，whatisleft？Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle，lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife._40_Instead，itsahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.ETheyvebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycantbeartoletithappenagain.FThisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.GSeeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesntmeanyoureignoringwhathappened.,典例6,解题思路根据下一句中的Instead(反而)可知此空和下一句形成转折关系，G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)与之呼应，并且选项中的positive和下一句中的positive形成原词复现。尝试解答：此题属转折关系，故选_,G,(2016全国片段)Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode，youmusthaveacodebook._39_Forexample，“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”_40_However，itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.,典例7,AItisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.BInanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.COnlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.DAslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.EYoucanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.FWithacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.GAnotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.,解题思路本题考查的是关键词以及转折关系。下一句“itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong”中出现了alsohard，所以上一句关键词为hard；另外however表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该是：没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作的。尝试解答：此题属于转折关系，故选_表示转折或对比关系的词有：but，however，yet，while/though，or/otherwise，onthecontrary，instead，nevertheless(然而)，still，yet，incontrast/parison等。,A,段尾句,段尾句,段落总结收尾类：通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找出表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如therefore，asaresult，thus，hence，inshort，tosumup，toconclude，inaword，inbrief，inconclusion等。,承接上下文类：此类题目直接承接上下文，并非是概括或总结性语句，解题时要根据与上下文的逻辑关系,来确定答案。,(2015北京片段)Itsalsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”，beingfocused，isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep._74_EItinvolvesslow，steadybreathingforselfcontrolthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.FDaydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect，quiteunlikesleepdreams，whichmaybehardtounderstand.,典例1,解题思路(1)本题为段尾空，属段落总结概括句，需要关注本段前面的内容。(2)本段主要说明在需要集中精力的时候避免做白日梦也很重要，前一句提出mindfulness这一概念，并用同位语beingfocused做出解释。第三步对比信息句和选项，得出答案尝试解答：_项中的it指代前一句的mindfulness，且attentive与前文的concentrate，beingfocused，avoidfallingasleep语义一致。,E,(2017洛阳高三二模)Thereisnodoubtthatanalyzingtheexactdataisimportanttoassessmentofanactualevent.Butdatashouldbedealtwithwisely.Weoftengetwrongdatawhichmisleadus.Remember，datahavenofeelingbutwehumanshave.Datadontmeanmuchtopeopleifwedonothavetheabilitiestoanalyzethedatawiththeknowledgeandconfidencetojudgewhethertheyaretrueorfalse.,典例2,AThusweshouldtryourbesttobewisethinkers.BDatacanmakeourlifeeasierandmorefortable.CButsometimeswemayfindthatdataarenteverything.DSometimesourheartsandmindaremoresensitivethandata.ENowandthenthesocalledspecificdatapuzzleusverymuch.FTheexactdatashouldefromassessmentofanactualevent.GTherearemanythingsinourlifewhichcannotbemeasuredbydata.,解题思路本题设空在段尾，空格前的一句论述内容是“如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确与否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。所得出的结论就是“因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”，结合线索词Thus可知正确答案。尝试解答：_,A,(2014北京片段)Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation，howtoseparatefactfromopinion，howtorecognizepoorreasoning，andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources._71_,典例3,Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported，anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.AMakechoicethatarerightforyou.GThefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefrommonsources.,解题思路本题挖空处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何对这些信处进行分类整理给予一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析，空格起承上启下的作用。尝试解答：此题属承上启下类，故选_,G,2词汇复现法复现，是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同源词复现、同义词/近义词、反义词复现等。,(2015全国片段)_39_Ifyouvebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Buttheresadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives，wellhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.CStopregardingyourselfasthevictim.DRememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.,典例,解题思路由空格后面的内容可以看出，本段主要讲的是被背叛了后该怎么办。选项C中的关键词语“victim”与本段主旨相吻合，“victim”一词在本段中反复出现，属于原词复现，且选项C是对本段的概括总结。尝试解答：_,C,3代词线索法英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词，名词短语或句子概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代前句的复数名词。,(2016全国片段)Butitseemsthatmanypeopledontcookfishathome.Americanseatonlyaboutfifteenpoundsoffishperpersonperyear，butweeattwiceasmuchfishinrestaurantsasathome.Buying，storing，andcookingfishisntdifficult._17_Thistextisabouthowtobuyandcookfishinaneasyway.ADonotbuyit.DItjustrequiresalittleknowledge.,典例,解题思路空格上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪并不难，启承上句，此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。D选项中的代词“It”指代前面提到的“Buying，storing，andcookingfish”。尝试解答：_,D,4词汇同现法词汇同现法是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。,(2015全国片段)Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady，gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns._36_，buythebestfitting，bestbuiltrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet，soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Duringthefirstweek，donotthinkaboutdistance，butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.BForagoodmarathonrunnerCBeforeyoubeginyourtraining,典例,解题思路空格前讲到一个观点：马拉松训练需要精心准备，下面的论述必须在“准备”这一范畴内，且下文中出现了“Duringthefirstweek”等时间词汇，本题是指开始训练前的准备。尝试解答：此题属词汇同现，故选_,C,5关联词语推断法英语的段落之间、句子之间经常会用关联词表示衔接或过渡，以使文章更加连贯、表达更加清楚，因此文章中表示各种逻辑关系的关联词在选择答案时都是很好的线索。常见的关联词有：因果关系：so，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly，consequently，asaresult等。条件关系：as(so)longas，onconditionthat，if，unless等。并列关系：first，second，third.；firstly，secondly，thirdly.；first，next，then.；inthefirstplace，inthesecondplace.；foronething，foranotherthing.等。,转折关系：however，nevertheless，though，yet，otherwise等。对比关系：onthe