工商管理专业英语词汇

Unit 1 The Evolution of Management as a Field of Studyevolution n. the process of developing发展generalize v. to infer from many particulars概括autobiography n. the biography of a person written by that person 自传memoir n. an account of the person experiences of an author 回忆录，自传extremely ad. Being in or attaining the greatest or highest degree 极度地anthropologist n. someone who studies anthropology 人类学家perspective n. the way in which a situation or problem in judged so that proper consideration is given to each part 合理观察，视角turnover n. the number of workers hired by an establishment to replace those who have left in a given period of time 人员更替数approach n. the method used in dealing with or accomplishing 方法contingency n. a possibility that must be prepared for可能事件，可能出现的情况dynamic a. characterized by continuous change 不断变化的confrontation n. discord or a clash of opinions and ideas 观点或思想的不断冲撞incur v. to acquire or come into 获得compromise v. something that combines qualities or elements of different things折中interdependent a. mutually dependent 互相依存的characteristic n. a feature that helps to identify 特性popularity n. the quality or state of being popular 普及sole a. of or relating to only one individual or group 单独的reliance n. the act of relying or the state of being reliant 依赖，依靠sufficient a. being as much as is needed 充足的alliance n. the act of becoming allied or the condition of being allied 结盟demographic n. of or relating to demography 人口统计complement v. to serve as a complement to 补足Unit 2 The Scope of Managemententail v. to have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence 伴随conform v. to act or be in accord or agreement 使和谐一致envision v. to picture in the mind 想象affordable a. that can be afforded 买得起的strive v. to exert much effort or energy 努力mission n. special assignment given to a person or group 任务informercial n. a commercial television program or relatively long commercial segment offering consumer information 商业信息片franchise n. authorization granted to someone to sell or distribute a companys goods or services in a certain area 特许经营权tactical a. of, relating to, or using tactics 战术的departmental a. 部门的peer n. a person who has equal standing with another or others 同等的人，与他人在爵位、阶级或年龄上相当的人interpersonal a. relating to, occurring among, or involving several people 人与人之间的foster v. to promote the growth and development of 促进pervasive a. having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate 渗透性的stakeholder n. one who has a share or an interest 股东flourish v. to be in a period of highest productivity 活跃automotive a. moving by itself 自动的nonroutine n. 非常规程序analogue n. something that bears an analogy to something else 类似情况Unit 3 What are Orgnizations ?beast n. something a thing 事物organization n. a group of people with special purpose, such as a club or business 团体，组织，机构，社团invention n. something invented 发明物contrivance n. device or tool, esp. one made by an individual for a particular puipose 发明物；器械patronage n. all the patrons of a shop, hotel, etc, as a group 为了赞助而产生的impact n. the force of an idea, invention, system, etc. 影响力perspective n. the way in which a matter is judged, so that consideration and importance is five to each part 判断事物的方法association n. the act of joining or the state of being joined with somebody or something 联合；结合；结交very a. (used for giving force to an expression)(用于强调)正是；完全；实在whim n. a sudden idea or wish, often not reasonable 突起的（怪）念头；一时的兴致fancy n. an image, opinion, or idea imagined and not based on fact 无事实根据的幻觉，意见或看法achieve v. to finish successfully 完成；实现soul n. a person 人；灵魂guidelines n. the main points about something which is to be dealt with 指导方针；行动纲领bridge v. to build a brige across 架桥gap n. an amount of distance pr difference 差异；差距；歧异by virtue of in virtue of 依靠；由于survival n. something which has continued to exist from an earlier time 生存behavior n. way of behaving 行为；举动subset n. a set contained within a set 子集maintenance n. the act of maintaining 维持；维护；保养；赡养turnover n. the number of workers that are hired by a firm to fill the places of workers who have left in a particular period 人员更新efficiency n. the state or quality of being efficient 功效；效率；效能intellectual a. concerning the intellect 智力的limitation n. the fact or conditions of limiting or being limited 限制事实或状态chart n. information written or draw in the form of a picture graph, etc. , usu. With the intention of making it understood 图表predict v. to see or describe in advance as a result of knowledge, experience, reason, etc. 预言；预测Unit 4 Developing Qpality and Competitive Advantageinnovative a. marked by or given to innovations 革新的，创新的optimize v. to make as perfect or effective as possible 使最优化，使尽可能底完善或有效medieval a. relating or belonging to the Middle Ages 中世纪的tenant n. one that pays rent to use or occupy land, a building, or other property owned by another 佃户usher v. to precede and introduce 宣告，展示介绍；开始，开创exotic a. intriguingly unusual or different 异乎寻常的；奇异的strenuous a. requiring great effort, energy, or exertion 艰巨的，需要巨大努力、能量或投入的hazardous a. marked by danger 带有危险性的；危险的artificial intelligence the ability of machine to perform those activities that are normally thought to require intelligence 人工智能navigational n. an original type, from, or instance that serves as a model on which later stages are based or judged 原型chassis n. the rectangular steel frame, supported on springs and attached to the axles, that holds the body and motor of an automotive vehicle 底盘carousel n. a circular conveyor on which objects are displayed or rotated 旋转式传送带outmaneuver v. to overcome by artful, clever maneuvering 智胜，在机智、谋略上胜过CEO Chief Executive Officer 执行总裁Unit 5 Competitive Industry Environment Analysislong-term a. involving, maturing after, or being in effect for a long time 长期的aggregation n. a group or formed by this 集合体carbonated a. containing carbon dioxide 充了碳酸气的root beer n. 以黄樟油、冬青油为香料的无醇饮料ale n. any of various type of beer, esp. one that is pale in color 麦酒caffeine n. a bitter white alkaloid,C8H10N4O2 咖啡因alignment n. the act of aligning or the condition of being aligned 结盟meaningless a. having no meaning or significance 无意义的，无价值的withdrawal n. retreat of military force in the face of enemy or after a defeat 撤退vertical integration 垂直统一管理interactive a. acting or capable of acting on each other 互相作用的deli n. a delicatessen 熟食店buffet n. a meal at which guests serve themselves from various dishes displayed in a table or sideboard 自助餐nutrition n. the process of nourishing or being nourished 营养slacken v. to make or become less vigorous 缓和pharmaceutical a. of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists 制药的neuroscience n. any of the sciences, such as neuroanatomy and neurobiology, that deal with the nervous system 神经科学inflammatory a. characterized or caused by inflammation 发炎的niche n. a special are of demand for a product or service 产品或服务所需的特殊领域preemptive a. undertaken or initiated to deter or prevent an anticipated, usually unpleasant situation or occurrence 先发制人的entrant n. one that enters, especially one that enters a competition 参加竞赛者cellular phone n. 便携式电话dramatically ad. catching and holding the imagination by unusual appearance or effects 戏剧地，引人注目地replenishment n. something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency 补给，补充backward integration 后向合并alleviate v. to make more bearable 减轻oleomargarine n. margarine 人造黄油，人造奶油tinplate n. very thin sheets of iron or steel covered with tin 镀锡铁皮；马口铁maturity n. the state or quality of being fully frown or developed 成熟shakeout n. 经济衰退cereal n. a grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food 谷物razor n. a sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or removing other body hair 剃刀Unit 6 Materials and Process Management of a Companyinventory n. the quantity of goods and materials on hand 库存submit v. to commit to the consideration or judgment of another 使听从bidder n. one who attempts to win a contract by bidding 投标人obsolete a. outmoded in design, style, or construction 过时的establish v. to set up 建立resource n. the total means available to a company for increasing production or profit, including plant, labor, and raw material 储备力量stockpile v. a supply stored for future use, usually carefully accrued and maintained 储存calculate v. to make an estimate of 计算interchange v. to give and receive mutually 交换telecommunication n. the electronic systems used in transmitting messages, as by telegragh, cable, telephone, radio, or television 电讯executive n. a person or group having administrative or managerial authority in an organization 经营管理人simulation n. representation of the operation or features of one process or system through the use of another 模拟principle n. a fixed or predetermined policy or mode of action 准则eliminate v. ti get rid of 消除multifunction a. 多功能的flexible a. responsive to a delay 可变通的；灵活的holdup n. an interruption or a delay 停顿incentive n. something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, that induces action or motivates effort 诱因；动机coordinate v. to harmonize in a common action or effort 调整Unit 7 Operating Statement of a Companywholesale a. of, relating to, or engaged in the sale of goods in large quantities for resale 批发clarity n. clearness of thought or style 清晰readability n. interesting or easy to read 易读，可读性concise a. expressing much in few words 简明的，简洁的inventory n. the quantity of goods and materials on hand 库存gross sales 销售总额net sales 扣除销货折扣和退货后净额margin n. the minimum return that an enterprise may earn still pay for itself 最低利润gross profit 毛利，总利润，利润毛额sales salaries 销售人员的工资advertising expense 广告费用office salaries 办公室或一般文秘人员工资miscellaneous a. made up of a variety of parts or ingredients 混杂的seemingly ad. apparently; ostensibly 表面上地skeleton n. a supporting structure or framework 构架invoice n. a detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs 发货清单refund n. a repayment of funds 退款cancellations n. the act or an instance of canceling 取消Unit 8 Human Resource Management: An Overviewutilization n. making