高中新课标选修六M1知识点讲解.doc

选修6Module 1 Small Talk基础自主回顾.课标单词1_非正式的(adj.)2_严肃的(adj.)3_缺乏；缺少(v.)4_预先的；在前的(adj.)5_机会(n.)6_恩惠；照顾(n.)7_回答；答复；回信(n.)8_缺点；短处(n.)9_成熟的(adj.)10_谨慎的；慎重的；小心的(adj.)11_不管怎么说；无论如何(adv.)12_目的(n.)13_缺乏；不存在(n.)_缺席的；不在的(adj.)14_道歉；致歉(n.)_道歉(v.)15_打断(v.)_打扰；打断(n.)16_解释；给下定义(v.)_定义；释放(n.)17_想象(v.)_想象力；幻想；空想(n.)_可想象的；想象得出来的(adj.)_想象的；虚构的(adj.)_想象力丰富的(adj.).常用短语1_把目光从移开2_因此；结果3_使某人高兴/振作起来4_知道5_了解(到)；找出(信息)6_交朋友；建立友谊7_想起；回忆起8_除此之外；另外9_省去；删去10_炫耀.重点句型1_ to a man about himself, _ he will speak to you for hours!和一个人谈论他自己，他会和你说上几个小时。3I have a favour _.我想请你帮个忙。.模块语法1I _ early this morning, so I stayed in bed still 830 am.A. neednt have got upB. didnt need to get upC. neednt get upD. neednt to have got up2(2006济宁3月)Is John coming by train?He should, but he _ not.A. mustB. hasC. need D. may3(2006南通调研)How did you do in the test?Not so well. I _ much better but I misread the directions for Writing.A. will have done B. could have doneC. must have done D. may have done4(2006南京二模)We need a person badly to be in charge of this design._ the new comer have a try?A. May B. WillC. Shall D. Need5(2006海淀4月)The public transportation is very convenient in that big city, so there _ be any difficulty in traveling around.A. mustnt B. wouldntC. shouldnt D. neednt考点探究解密考 点 解 读1advance vt. & vi.(使)前进；进展 n前进；进展；预付(款)adj.预先的，在前的误区警示：advance还可指“预支”，后跟双宾语结构，advance sb. sth.Will they advance you some money until you get your first paycheck?在你拿到第一次工资以前，他们是否会预支你一些钱？朗文在线：Troops advanced on the rebel stronghold.军队向反叛者的据点推进。Our understanding of human genetics has advanced considerably.我们对人类遗传学的理解有了很大进步。We received no advance warning of the storm.我们没有收到风暴的预先警报。活学巧练：(1)The general _ (使前进)his troops at night.(2)The boss will _ (预付)you $ 300.(3)A month has passed and the work has not _ (进展)(4)Food prices have _ rapidly this year.Arisen up Braised upCadvanced Draised2lack v缺乏，缺少；n.没有，不足，缺乏精讲拓展：lack (for) sth.缺乏某事物be lacking in不足；不够lack for nothing应有尽有a complete/distinct/total lack of完全/明显缺乏for/through lack of因缺少no lack of不缺少，足够朗文在线：I lack words to express my thanks.Without your help，I would have failed.我难以用语言来表示感谢。没有你的帮助我就失败了。 She seems to be lacking in common sense.她似乎缺乏常识。Lack of Vitamin B is making him seriously ill.缺少维生素B使他病得很严重。词语辨析：lack与shortagelack是普通用词，指完全没有或部分缺少，既可指具体事物，也可指抽象概念，如智力、知识、勇气等。His real problem is that he lacks confidence.他的真正问题是缺乏信心。shortage指“短缺”，是就需要量而言。The main difficulty in the flooded area is a shortage of food and medicine.遭受洪灾地区的主要困难是缺乏食物和药品。活学巧练：(1)She is _ (缺乏)in responsibility.(2)I didnt finish my homework _ (由于没有) time.(3)She does not _ (缺乏) friends.(4)(2009湖南湘潭模拟)Of the 2,000 stock investors _ last month, 90% was found _ in financial knowledge.A. surveyed; lackingB. having been surveyed; to lackC. surveyed; lackedD. to have been surveyed; lack3purpose n目的 vt.企图；打算精讲拓展：on purpose故意地with/for the purpose of为了answer/serve the purpose适用to the purpose有用的；合适的purpose to do sth./doing sth.企图做某事purposeful adj.有清晰目的的，坚决的purposeless adj.无目的的，无意义的purposely adv.故意地朗文在线：For tax purposes you will be treated as a married couple.出于税收的目的，你们将被当作夫妻对待。活学巧练：汉译英(1)我需要找到我生活的目的和意义。_(2)这次会议的目的是选举新的委员会。_(3)杰克一直让我很烦，我想他是故意那样干的。_4imagine v想象精讲拓展：imagine that/ what/ how/ why.想象imagine doing sth.想象做某事imagine sb. doing sth.想象某人做某事imagine sb./ sth. as把某人(物)想象成You cant imagine.你想象不到imagination n想象力，创造力朗文在线：Dont imagine that I can lend you money every time you need it!你甭想每次你需要钱我都会借给你！They were, I imagine, mostly industrial workers.我想他们绝大多数是产业工人。Can you imagine Tom sleeping in class?你能想象一下汤姆在课堂上睡觉的样子吗？活学巧练：(1)你能想象他作为一个演员而出名吗？Can you _ as an actor?(2)我简直想象不出这个地方几年之后会变成什么样子。I just cant imagine _ in a few years time.(3)(2009黑龙江哈尔滨模拟)_ her so excited last night?A. What do you imagine makingB. What do you imagine madeC. Do you imagine what madeD. Do you imagine what had made5in addition(常与to连用)“此外”，在句中作状语Youd better stay in bed for a few days. In addition, you should take more water.朗文在线：The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and, in addition, there are several selfcatering apartments.旅馆本身能容纳80位客人，除此之外，还有几个可供自己做饭的套房。He is now running his own research companythats in addition to his job at the university.除了他在大学的工作以外，他现在还经营自己的研究公司。活学巧练：汉译英(1)首先你要有能力。另外，你必须要通过驾驶考试。_(2)此外，我还有其他事要做。_(3)除了名单上的名字之外，还有6个申请人。_答案：(1)First you need have the ability. In addition, you must pass the driving test.(2)I have other things to do in addition.(3)In addition to the names on the list, there are six other applicants.6be aware of 知道，意识到精讲拓展：aware adj.觉察到的，知悉的be aware that/whclause觉察，知悉误区警示：当aware表示“觉察到的，知悉的”之意时，为表语形容词，其用法类似于afraid, alive, awake, asleep等词，可以用well, quite修饰，但不能用very修饰。She was not aware that she had hurt her colleague.她没有觉察到已经伤害了她的同事。但aware of.短语可以作后置定语或宾语补足语。朗文在线：Its time someone made him aware of the effects of his actions.该有人让他明白他的所作所为所造成的后果了。I gradually became aware that there was someone else in the room.我逐渐注意到房间里还有他人在场。活学巧练：汉译英(1)你意识到困难了吗？_(2)她不知道她丈夫挣多少钱。_单项填空(3)He is quite_of the risk，but he has no choice but to go ahead.Aeager BawareCsensitive Dserious7leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑This doesnt make sense. I think the typist has left out a line.精讲拓展：leave for.动身去leave sb. alone不打扰某人leave go of sth.放开leave sth. over推迟某事leave sth. behind忘了带某物leave off停止leave sth./ sb. behind忘了带某物；将某人抛在后面或落下词语辨析：leave out与cross outleave out遗漏，漏掉In your written work, you left out an important detail, so you couldnt score a high mark.在书面表达中，你漏掉了一个重要细节，因此你不能得高分。cross out划掉，除去This word in the sentence is unnecessary. Cross it out.这个单词在句中多余，删掉它。活学巧练：(1)Leave go of my armyoure hurting me.(替换)_(2)It wont rain; you can _ your umbrella _ (不必带)(3)These matters will have to _ (推迟) until the next meeting.(4)A single letter mustnt be _ (漏掉)(5)Leave me _ this quarrel, please. I dont want to get involved.Aout from Bout inCout of Doff over8Would you love to go to a party and talk confidently to every guest？你愿意去参加一个聚会和每位客人都自信地交谈吗？I would love.相当于I want.，但语气更委婉，显得客气些。would也可用should代之，love也可用like代替。Id love to go to the village with my grandma.我想与祖母一起去那村庄。精讲拓展：would loven./pron.想要某物 to do想做某事 sb.to do想要某人做某事 sb.to have done 本来想要某人做，但却没做成活学巧练：I would love_to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.Ato go Bto have goneCgoing Dhaving gone9“祈使”条件句用法透视在英语中，祈使句除了表示“请求、命令、叮嘱、号召”等含义外，还可以表示条件。祈使句的该类用法在历届高考中考过多次，值得重视，该用法共有四种：(1)祈使句and简单句Work hard and you will pass the examinations.(If you work hard，you will pass the examinations.)如果你努力学习，你会通过考试的。(2)祈使句or简单句Harry up，or you will be late for the meeting.(If you hurry up，you will not be late for the meeting.)如果你快点，开会就不会迟到的。(3)名词词组and简单句One more hour，and I will do it better.(If you give me one more hour，I will do it better.)如果你再给我一个小时，我会干得更好。(4)祈使句破折号()简单句。该简单句中常常含有can，may，must等表示“推测”的情态动词或maybe，perhaps之类的有“推测”含义的副词。Come and have a look at itmaybe it satisfies you.(If you come and have a look at it，maybe you are satisfied with it.)过来看一看，也许它会令你满意的。注意：上述类型句子的反意疑问句要根据“就近一致”原则与简单句的主语、人称、时态一致。例如：Start off earlier，or we will not see them at the airport.早一点走吧，否则在机场我们就见不到他们了。One more week，and they will complete the project on time，wont they?如果再给他们一周的时间，他们会按时完工，对不对？活学巧练：汉译英(1)得寸进尺。_(2)如果你再向前走一步，你就会从平台上掉下去的。_(3)如果你坚持自己的观点的话，也许他们会折服于你的。_10didnt need to do和neednt have done1didnt need to do表示“没有必要做某事”，用于过去时态，也可用didnt have to代替。若用于现在时态，可用doesnt (dont) need to do(实义动词)或neednt do(情态动词)或dont have to do。He said you didnt need to/have to wait for him.他说你不必等他了。We neednt/dont have to go yet; the show doesnt start for an hour.我们还不必出发，表演还要一个钟头才开始。(1)在回答带有need的问句时，肯定答语用must，否定答语用neednt或dont have to。Need I finish the work before ten?我需要在十点前完成工作吗？Yes, you must.是的，你必须完成。No, you neednt./No, you dont have to.不，你不必在十点前完成。(2)didnt need to do或neednt do, dont have to do都表示“不必做某事”，若表示“必须”做某事则用must do；若表示“一定不要做，不准，不应该”，则用mustnt。You mustnt drive so fast in the street.在街上你一定不要开这么快。We mustnt waste any more time.我们不能再浪费时间啦！(3)在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用neednt或dont have to，表示“不必”，而不用mustnt。Must I come back before dark？我必须在天黑前回来吗？Yes, you must.是的，你必须回来。No, you neednt (dont have to)不，你不必回来。(4)must与have to的辨析：must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观。The film is not interesting. I really must go now.这电影没意思，我现在就走。I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我现在必须走了，因为我妈妈正在住院。两者的否定意义不同，mustnt表示“禁止，不许”，dont have to表示“不必”。You mustnt go there.你不能去那儿。You dont have to go there.你不必去那儿。2neednt have done表示“本没有必要做某事而实际却做了”。You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.你本没有必要打出租车来的，因为那儿离我家很近。注意：neednt have done表示“做了本来不必做的事”，didnt need to do表示“没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。You neednt have told him the news; he knew it already.你不需要告诉他这个消息，他已经知道了。I didnt need to clean the windows. My brother did it.我没有必要擦窗户，我哥哥已经擦了。活学巧练：(1)I_early this morning，so I stayed in bed till noon.Aneednt have got upBdidnt need to get upCneednt get upDneednt to have got up(2)He_you some help，for you could finish it by yourself.Amight give Bmight have givenCwould have given Dneednt have given(3)Our holidays were ruined by the weather；_have stayed at home!Ait may be as wellBit was just as well weCwe might just as wellDwe might do as well as we(4)Why didnt Tom come to the party last night?He_not have wanted to see me.Ashould BwouldCcould Dmight(5)You mustnt park your car here，sir；its the entrance to our building.I mustnt，_I？And what are you going to do about it?Acant BshouldntCmustnt Dneednt考 题 演 练1.This special school accepts all disabled students, _ educational level and background.A. according to B. regardless ofC. in addition to D. in terms of2Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _.So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished upC. divided up D. closed up3Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here.Oh, sorry.A. must B. willC. may D. need4How about your journey to Mount Emei?Everything was wonderful except that our car _ twice on the way.A. slowed down B. broke downC. got down D. put down5The British government often says that providing children with _ to the information superhighway is of great importance.A. prevention B. protectionC. allowance D. access6It is often said that the joy of travelling is _ in arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself.A. /; but B. /; orC. not; or D. not; but7What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well, it _ be bigthats not important.A. mustnt B. needntC. cant D. wont8(2007江苏)My room gets very cold at night._.ASo is mine BSo mine is CSo does mine DSo mine doesModule 1Small Talk.单词拼写1. You neednt wear a suit. Its just an i_ party.2. Scientists have a_ a new theory to explain this phenomenon.3. Id like to take this o_ to express my thankfulness to you for your timely help.4. Are you n_ in the dark?5. Was he in f_ of the death penalty?6. Hes not _(成熟)enough to be given too much responsibility.7. It simply cant be _ (想象)that he has lived on that lonely island for 20 years.8. Whats his _(目的)of coming so early this morning?9. They promised _(自信地)that they would restore the fallen bridge.10. A number of members are _(缺席的).单项填空1The library needs_，but itll have_until Sunday.Ato clean；to waitBto clean；waitingCcleaning；to wait Dcleaning；waiting2Most people didnt accept the theory when it was first_.Aset about Bset offCput forward Dput out3My parents dont allow me to_with those who often play truant.Amake friend Bmake a friendCmake friendship Dmake friends4The job of a_is to welcome and deal with people arriving in a hotel or office building.Areception BreceptionistCreceiver Dreceptive5You are really very kind.Ill never forget the_you have done for me.Afavour BdeedChelp Dkind6He gave me no chance to_his questions.Areply Breply toCanswer to Danswer for7Mr.Black will be in charge during my_.Aa