英语语法名词和动词.ppt

语法Grammar,名词n.,（一）概述,名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是：人的名字LiMing,Tom,Gina地方名称China,London,England职业称呼teacher,doctor,worker物品名称pencil,dictionary,pencil-case行为名称study,invention抽象概念history,grammar,你还能想到什么呢？,（二）名词的分类,专有名词建议,通知，公函，消息,锡,罐头,铁,熨斗,在中文是可数，英文却不可数：如：money，bread，hair，meat，furniture，rice，news,因此，平时要多积累哦！,可数名词的复数形式,1.规则变化：一般情况在词尾加-s：deskdesks；daydays；girlgirls以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加-es：busbuses；boxboxes；watchwatches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为I再加-es：familyfamiliesfactoryfactoriespartyparties以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-es:knifeknives;lifelives;wifewives;halfhalves,Important!,Letspractice!,I.写出下列名词的复数形式：house_2.village_3.map_4.orange_5.bag_7.dish_8.family_9.boy_10.monkey_11.box_12.knife_13.class_14.factory_15.leaf_16.dictionary_17.watch_,houses,villages,maps,oranges,bags,dishes,families,boys,monkeys,boxes,knives,classes,factories,leaves,dictionaries,watches,2.不规则变化：1）以o结尾加-es：potatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroesNegroNegroes2)字母a变e:manmen,womanwomen,FrenchmanFrenchmen,policeman-policemen3)字母oo变ee:toothteeth,footfeet,goosegeese,但：GermanGermanshumanhumans,4)单复数同形：sheepsheep,deerdeer,fishfishChinese-Chinese,JapaneseJapanesecattlecattle5)其他：childchildren,mousemice,mediummedia,basisbases,不同国籍的人的复数形式：,1）加-s:AustralianAustraliansRussianRussiansItalianItaliansGreekGreeksAmericanAmericansIndianIndiansCanadianCanadiansGermanGermans2)变a为e：EnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmen3）单复数同形：ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseSwissSwiss,Exercises!,1.match_2.man_3.German_4.tomato_5.policeman_6.kilo_7.human_8.potato_9.Chinese_10.shelf_11.Japanese_12.American_13.life_14.tooth_15.wife_16.foot_17.knife_18.sheep_19.half_20.key_,matches,men,Germans,tomatoes,policemen,kilos,humans,potatoes,Chinese,shelves,Japanese,Americans,lives,teeth,wives,feet,knives,sheep,halves,keys,3.合成名词的复数形式：有主体时，主体变为复数father-in-lawfathers-in-law(岳父，公公）无主体时，结尾加“s”grown-upgrown-ups（成年人）go-betweengo-betweens（媒介者;中间人）如果其中有man或者woman，则两个都要变复数womandoctorwomendoctorsmandoctormendoctors,Canyoutry?,把下列名词变复数形式：looker-onwomansingersister-in-lawmancookpasser-byhousewifebride-to-bewomandoctorschoolroom,lookers-on,womensingers,sisters-in-law,mencooks,passers-by,housewives,brides-to-be,womendoctors,schoolrooms,名词n.Period2,1、orange_2、class_3、text_4、monkey_5、piano_6、child_7、shelf_8、bed_9、country_10、family_11、toy_12、foot_13、Japanese_14、radio_15、photo_16.army_17.cattle_18.Australian_,Brainstorm!,oranges,classes,texts,monkeys,pianos,children,shelves,beds,countries,families,toys,feet,Japanese,radios,photos,armies,cattle,Australians,Letslearnmore!,不可数名词的量的表达：,可以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量,如:apieceof,acupof,abagof,aglassof,akiloof一张纸apieceofpaper三张纸threepiecesofpaper一包大米abagofrice十包大米tenbagsofrice*可数名词也可以这样表达量,但要用复数形式：aboxofbooksfivebagsofapplestenkilosoforanges,也就是短语里面可数名词要变复数的都变复数哦！,常用量词总结,aglassof一玻璃杯acupof一杯abottleof一瓶abagof一包，一袋aboxof一盒；一箱apieceof一张(一片,块)akiloof一公斤；一千克abasketof一篮apairof一对，一双，一副agroupof一群，一队，一组,Letstry!,1、三杯水2、五杯茶3、一公斤米4、二十箱书5、三篮子蔬菜6、八双鞋子7、十杯牛奶8、五块肉9、一副眼镜,threeglassesofwater,fivecupsoftea,akiloofrice,twentyboxesofbooks,threebasketsofvegetables,eightpairsofshoes,tenglassesofmilk,fivepiecesofmeat,apairofglasses,名词所有格：,1)一般情况加-s：childrensbooks儿童图书todayspaper今天的报纸(2)带词尾-s的复数名词只加()：girlsschool女子学校theSmithscar史密斯家的小汽车（3）注意以下情况：TomsandJimsrooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间TomandJimsroom汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间,一.用名词所有格填空：1.Theyaregoingtotheir_home.(grandparents)2.The_shoesarebehindthedoor.(boy)3.Thisshopsells_clothesonly.(men)4.Thosearemy_cars.(friends)5.Wearecleaningthe_stables.(horses),Exercises,grandparents,boys/boys,mens,friends,horses,6.Doyouknowwherethis_handbagis?(lady)7.Manyofmy_houseswererobbed.(neighbors)8.The_uniformsarered.(player)9.Thesearethe_toys.(children),ladys,neighbors,players,childrens,1._roomisnexttotheirparents.A.KatesandJoansB.KatesandJoanC.KateandJoansD.KateandJoan2.June1is_.A.childrensdayB.childrensDayC.ChildrensDayD.Childrensday3.-Whoseroomisthis?-Its_.A.LiMingB.LiMingsC.LiMingsD.LiMings4.Thewomanoverthereis_mother.A.JuliaandShelleysB.JuliasandShelleysC.JuliaandShelleyD.JuliasandShelley,二.选择填空：,Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.主语Thisisapencil-box.表语IlikeEnglish,butIlikeChinesebetter.宾语OurEnglishteacherisdrinkingwater.定语Mr.Black,ourteacher,isfromEngland.同位语Iamgoingtoseeafilmthisevening.状语MissWangisconsideredagoodteacher.补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语,名词的功能,ExercisesP33,1.主语2.表语3.状语4.同位语5.宾语6.定语7.补语,Review：一.变复数：1.Chinese_2.shelf_3.Russian_4.American_5.life_6.tooth_7.deer_8.piano_9.mouse_10.goose_11.hero_12.Swiss_,Chinese,shelves,Russians,Americans,lives,teeth,deer,pianos,mice,geese,heroes,Swiss,一玻璃杯一茶杯一瓶一包，一袋一盒；一箱一张(一片,块)一公斤；一千克一篮子一对，一双，一副一群，一队，一组,aglassof,二、常用量词总结,acupof,abottleof,abagof,aboxof,apieceof,akiloof,abasketof,apairof,agroupof,1.TodayisSeptember10th.Its_Day.A.TeacherB.TeachersC.TeachersD.Teacher2.Thisis_ball.Itsnot_.A.theboys,girlsB.theboys,thegirlsC.theboy,thegirlD.boys,girls3.Thisyear,_isonMay9th.A.mymothersbrithdayB.mymothersbrithdayC.mymothersbrithdayD.mymotherssbrithday4.Theseare_books.LiLinboughtsomeattheSunBookstoreandJillboughtsomeattheBlueSkyBookstore.A.LiLinsandJillB.LiLinandJillsC.LiLinsandJillD.LiLinsandJills,三、名词所有格,动词v.,语法Grammar,一、概述,动词是表示动作或状态的词。如：help，see，go，come,run,fly,look,seem,get,become,can,may,动词的基本形式,1.动词原形2.第三人称单数3.现在分词4.过去式和过去分词,Important！,第三人称单数:,过去式与过去分词（规则变化）,Exercises按要求写出动词的形式:1.wash2.match3.stop4.make5.read6.play7.watch8.guess,第三人称单数,现在分词,过去式,过去分词,原形,washes,washing,washed,washed,matches,matching,matched,matched,stops,stopping,stopped,stopped,makes,making,made,made,reads,reading,read,read,plays,playing,played,played,watches,watching,watched,watched,guesses,guessing,guessed,guessed,9.study10.finish11.go12.snow13.carry14.teach15.do16.say,原形,第三人称单数,现在分词,过去式,过去分词,studies,studied,studied,studying,finishes,finishing,finished,finished,goes,going,went,gone,snows,snowing,snowed,snowed,carries,carrying,carried,carried,teaches,teaching,taught,taught,does,doing,did,done,says,saying,said,said,动词Period2“in+过去年、月份”，last短语；ago短语；justnow,once(从前)。如：Iwenttoseeafilmyesterday.Sheworkedinthatfactorylastyear.,用适当的动词形式填空：Exercises,1.There_atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)2.Peopleusually_(eat)dinnerintheevening.3.Hissisteralways_(go)toschoolat7:00a.m.4.TomandMary_(come)toChinalastmonth.5.JennyandDannysometimes_(play)gamesintheafternoon.6.Mike_(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.,was,eat,goes,came,play,didntgo,7.Mymother_(notdo)houseworkyesterday.8.She_(notvisit)heraunttwodaysago.9.There_(be)noonehereamomentago.10.LinTao_(like)hisnewsweater.11.There_(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(家乡)in1940.12.Where_you_(have)luncheveryday?,didntdo,didntvisit,was,likes,werent,do,have,3、一般将来时的标志词：tomorrow(morning);next时间状语；soon;“in+一段时间”；“in+未来年、月份”；beforelongMarywillgoshoppingtomorrow.Janeisgoingtotravelabroadintwodays.4、现在进行时的标志词：now;thesedays;look(at);listen(to)等Look!Thecatischasingthemouse.Mysisterisdoingherhomeworknow.,Exercises!1.He_(come)backinaweek.2.She_(be)aconductorofatrainsoon.3.Listen!She_(sing)intheclassroom.4.LiMing_(be)tenyearsoldnextyear.5.Look!Theboyoverthere_(play)amodelplane.6.China_(become)amodernandstrongcountrybeforelong.,willcome,willbe,issinging,willbe,isplaying,willbecome,7.Weoften_(buy)booksandthingslikethatintheshop.8.I_（leave）inaminute.I_（finish）allmyworkbeforeI_（leave）.9.-Whatareyoudoing?-I_(do)myhomework.10.Thedayaftertomorrowthey_(watch)avolleyballmatch.11.They_(hold)abirthdaypartythisSunday.12._you_(work)hardfromnowon?,buy,willleave,willfinish,leave,amdoing,willwatch,willhold,Will,work,5、现在完成时的标志词：already;yet;just;ever;never;“for+一段时间”，“since短语或从句”等Ihavealreadyspentallofmymoney.Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.,Exercises!Ialready(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.2.he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.you(be)toHongKong?Yes,I_(be)theretwice.4.Myfatherjust(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.5.WheresLiMing?He(go)totheteachersoffice.,have,seen,Has,finished,Have,been,havebeen,has,come,hasgone,saw,6.I(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.7.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.8.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.,haveworked,moved,havemade,have,stayed,Remember?Whathavewelearned?Letsreviewagain!,Exercises,用动词的适当形式填空：1.Tom_(notlisten)totheradioeverymorning.2.I_(come)toseeyouagainbeforelong.3._youruncle_(have)ameetinglastFriday?4.Howmanyclasses_you_(have)everyday?5.Itssevenintheevening,Tomsfamily_(watch)TV.6.Listen!Who_（sing）inthenextro