高考英语二轮复习第二部分基础语法巧学巧练专题一名词课件.ppt

专题一名词,怎么考1.主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力；2.名词的一词多义与熟词生义；3.语篇填空及短文改错中，主要涉及名词的单复数、名词的固定搭配、主谓一致等。怎么学在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。掌握名词的熟词新义重在多阅读、多积累。怎么解理解上下语境，明析考查目的，然后确定答案。,.体验考向单句语法填空1.(2016全国卷)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires，Asiasbiggestbuilding，andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop_(attract).2.(2016全国卷)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew_(day)withhissister.3.(2015全国卷)Whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir_(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.,4.(2015全国卷)IdskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_(painting).5.(2015江苏卷)Someschoolswillhavetomake_(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.6.(2015江苏卷)GoandsaysorrytoyourMom，Dave.Idliketo，butImafraidshewontbehappywithmy_(apologize).,7.(2015浙江卷)Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreduce_(stressful)istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.8.(2015安徽卷)Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome_(think)andthenletmeknow.9.(2014全国卷)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe_(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.10.(2014辽宁卷)Unbelievable！Oh.，ifyoudontmind，Illstopandtakeadeep_(breathe).,答案1.attraction空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。2.daysfew作来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。3.ability考查词性。空前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。4.paintings在如此多的中国绘画中。painting意为“图片，图画”，是可数名词，由于前有many，故使用其复数形式。,5.adjustments句意：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将做出调整。固定表达makeadjustments做出调整。6.apology/apologies句意：去和你的妈妈说对不起，Dave。我想，但我怕妈妈不会接受我的道歉。作介词with的宾语和my的修饰语要用名词形式。7.stress句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。作动词reduce的宾语要用名词形式，stress压力，紧张，为不可数名词。,8.thought句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。some后应跟名词，thought想法。9.changes考查名词变复数。根据本句中谓语部分是系动词are，说明主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以使用changes。10.breathtakeadeepbreath意为“深呼吸”，这与上文中的Illstop相呼应。,.考点集训集训单句语法填空1.(2016全国卷)Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyoullfeelarealsenseof_(achieve).2.(2016全国卷)Recent_(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.3.(2014安徽卷)Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudonthaveenoughmoneyforanewone?Thatsagood_(suggest).,4.(2016南昌二模)InkeepingadiaryinEnglish，wecertainlyrunupagainstmany_(difficulty).5.(2016淄博高三二模)Helostallhis_(key)tothedoors，sohehadtogetthemopenedbyforce.6.(2016滕州5月模拟)Forseveralweeks，Mrs.Edwardshopedtobeoneofthelucky_(housewife)likemanyofherfriends.7.(2016潍坊二模)Theytooksome_(photo)whentheyvisitedChina.,8.(2016太原模拟)Thelittleboyatesomany_(potato)andsomuchmeatthathethrewupatdawn.9.The_(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud，soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto_(Tom)car.10.Therearetwenty-three_(man)teachersinourschool.答案1.achievement2.studies3.suggestion4.difficulties5.keys6.housewives7.photos8.potatoes9.girls；Toms10.men,集训根据提示，完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会名词的用法。Robotsusedforhouseworkweretestedoutinsome_1_(family).Tony，oneofthe_2_(robot)，lookedlikeatallandhandsomemanwithsmoothblackhair，speakinginadeepvoice.Larrywasgoingtobeawayfromhome.Also，_3_(curious)drovehimtohaveatryonsuchanewthing.SohehiredarobottoaccompanyhiswifeClaire.Clairedidntliketheideaatthebeginning，butsheagreedtoitatlast.AtthefirstsightofTony，,Clairefeltembarrassed.Gradually，Tonybegantowinthe_4_(hostess)trust.HehelpedClairerealizeherdreamsbymakingherhomeelegant，givingheranewhaircut，changingthemake-upsheworeandgivingher_5_(advise)onher_6_(person)dresses.Thereforeatthepartyallherguestswhowereinvitedwerefilledwith_7_(admire)whentheysawherhousewascompletelychanged.Afterthetest，thecompanywassatisfiedwith_8_(Tony)reportandbelieveditwas_9_successbecausehehadsuccessfullymadeawomanregainher_10_(confident)andfallinlovewithhim.答案1.families2.robots3.curiosity4.hostess5.advice6.personal7.admiration8.Tonys9.a10.confidence,知识胸有成竹,一、名词数的4点常识1.以-o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。,2.以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加-s，但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs(scarves)围巾。,3.合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；story-tellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。4.有些名词单复数同形，它们是：一个靠养绵羊(sheep)为生的中国人(Chinese)和一个靠打鹿(deer)为生的日本人(Japanese)，来到了一个十字路口(crossroads)。他们看到周围有许多工厂(works)，它们用一系列(series)的促销方式(means)来提高鱼(fish)和水果(fruit)的销量。,二、名词格的2个常考点1.如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“s”。如：TomandMikesroom(共有)，TomsandMikesbooks(不共有)。2.名词的双重所有格当表示所有格的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“名词ofs”形式，这种结构被称为双重所有格，一般表示“所有关系”。,三、抽象名词的具体化表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：,集训奔向高考阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2015全国卷)Yangshuo，ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI_1_(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidntcare.Afewhours_2_，IdbeenathomeinHongKong，with_3_(it)chokingsmog.Here，theairwascleanandfresh，evenwiththerain.,IdskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_4_arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_5_(painting).Instead，IdheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin，itsonlyanhouraway_6_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.,Yangshuo_7_(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_8_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.Andthetow