产品设计外文文献及翻译.doc

毕业设计文献翻译现代产品设计Modern product design学院（部）： 机械工程学院 专业班级： 工设081 学生姓名： 王慧 指导教师： 闫磊磊 英文原文 Modern product design-Foreign language translation original text With the growing of economices and the developing of technologies, the essential definition of Industral Design has been deepening while its extension meaning enlarging,which resulted in the transformation and renovation of some original design theories and concepts.In the new IT epoch, the contents, methodologies, concepts etc. of design have taken a great change from what they were before.However,the method of comparison and analysis is always playing a plvotal role, during the whole process of maintaining the traditional quintessence and innovating novel conceptions.1.1 Traditional DesignTraditional industrial design and product development mainly involved to three fields,vis.Art, Engineering and Marketing. The designers, who worked in the art field, always had outstanding basic art skills and visual sketching expression capacity as well as plentiful knowledge on ergonomics and aesthetics . So they could easily solve the problems of products about art . Works in the area of the project engineer with strong technical background, they used the method of logical analysis, you can design a detailed, in line with the requirements of the drawings of a total production, manufacture use. They can you good solution to the technical aspects of products. However, they often overlook the aesthetics of products that do not pay attention to fashion and cost-effective products in the market. In the field of commercial marketing staff proficient in the knowledge economy, will use marketing theory to predict customer behavior, they focus on products in the market development trends, but do not understand aesthetic and technical aspects of the problem. In a traditional industrial product design process, the three areas of general staff in their respective areas of independent work. Product engineers solve the technical problems so that products with the necessary functional and capable of producing manufactured, the product is useful. Designers are using aesthetics, ergonomics and other subjects in the form of product design, product with a reasonable visual, tactile, and other effects, and we look forward to products useful. The marketing staff is the product marketing and user comments, and to forecast the future market feedback to the above-mentioned two groups of designers, so that they understand product popularity, prompted designers to improve or update the design, so that users Want to use designed products. In this process, is often a certain area of personnel in their own fields of expertise in the work done after the exchange and other fields. Due to lack of overall management of the unified design, will be out of line and the link between the crux of the design cycle, the product can not be truly useful and attractive products. 1.2 Modern Design With the social and economic development, human standard of living continues to increase. People no longer meet the low-level way of life, the requirements of the product greatly improved as the globalization of the emergence of various regional economic development imbalances brought about by various contradictions, but also increasingly reflected in the product design and development In the other hand, with the rapid development of science and technology, not only to tangible products with a more technical content, but also the software such as the invisible products. These changes primarily reflected in the following areas. (1) the diversification of products In order to improve their peoples living tastes, the more value products personality, making earlier to meet the most basic requirements of life designed to mass production of products, changes to the current level to meet the different needs of the peoples lives Smaller mass-produced products. Therefore the market needs more of a wide range of products. This requires a more flexible product design, shorter design cycle. Early industrial design and product comparison, the current products include the technical content greatly improved, it may not just rely on its outstanding visual effects impressed, and may also rely on hearing, smell, touch and even taste, and so combined effect of people moved . With the computer and network technology to the development and popularization, is still a wide variety of software products and network products, these new invisible products regardless of its form or design products with the traditional physical Products are quite different. (2) design innovation and change In increasing economic development, product greatly enriched, material needs of people unlimited increase in the new era. A lot of design work alone designer personal talent is very difficult to complete. If an industrial design work is the perfect visual form, to a combination of technology and the arts, but it was the low level of market acceptance, then to the present point of view, it is not successful design products, it may only Pieces of art. If the team to organize the development of new products, you can designers, engineers and marketing staff to work together, the three professional staff play to their respective expertise, common exchanges, discussions, it is possible to prevent this from happening. In addition, because peoples social awareness, cultural awareness and The new product of the information age - the emergence of software, the team can better embody necessary. People in the use of software products in the course of time to have two types: one is the interface of the visual effects are good, but you use to process and not very Shunshou to show the various menus, logo at a loss; And a software design is very standardized, with the professionals use logic, but the interface of the visual effects but it is not satisfactory. The reasons for this situation is: a program design engineers do not understand interface design to visual design of the interface designers do not understand procedures for structural design. Only two will combine to work to make the process engineers and designers fully exchange interface, will it be possible to design a useful software products. continuously enhance environmental awareness, to design a product may not be a simple and specific forms of visual introduction, but in a product or project works the way there, which means product The extension had been expanded. An alcohol can become a world famous brands of goods, some with their well-brewing technology, form a perfect bottle design and successful market strategies are closely related. To the modern designers, as the end product design, product contains the meaning is no longer just a form of the bottle, but wine bottles, a collection of marketing strategies. Another example: the flow of people to solve the short-term or temporary accommodation designed Jianyi Fang or horizontal cylinder, is not a simple design, but of social, cultural, environmental and other issues of the integrated projects. So, with the product extension of the expansion, the need for more staff into the field of design teams, and in the design process through the integration, exchange, completion of innovative product design. (3) the role of the modern designer In the modern product development process, if the designer has only limited to the traditional fields of expertise in specific focus on the visual performance of rain forms of work, then it will be very difficult to design a ground-breaking products. This is because the community to raise the requirements of the products, to expand the content of the product, compared to the designers personal knowledge on the capacity can not satisfy the requirements. However, if we can, through effective means to mobilize the relevant field staff to work together, you can make the design capacity of the greatly expanded. If the traditional sense of product designers focused on the visual manifestations of design, then, designers are using modern designers, engineers and other staff of marketing the ability to jointly complete the full development of new products design. Modern designers no longer just the implementation of its mandate, is designed to planners, organizers. Modern designers should have a higher level of awareness on the nature of the design, operation of the quality of the design process. Designers need to use a unique system of thinking to comprehensive analysis, problem-solving abilities, not just the use of visual skills to express themselves is not yet mature enough decorative design. This requires designers with a more complete knowledge of the structure. In addition to good aesthetic quality, but also should have sociology, economics, management science and engineering and technical aspects of the basic knowledge, resume systematic, engineering way of thinking in order to carry out scientific work and effective organization design. The task of the modern designer 1.3 The explosion in information society, individuals have the knowledge and capability is very weak. Therefore the use of modern designers should have the wisdom related fields, the expansion of its design capacity. His task is to seize the new opportunities for product development, design has a good user market innovative products. As a modern designer, it is important to fully understand the professional design teams in the field of creative thinking, make full use of the members of the professional competence. Marketing is the background knowledge can design a scientific and feasible programme of research and analysis of the conclusions drawn for policy makers and designers; In addition, the staff can also meet the market well-developed marketing strategy, product successfully pushed To the market. Engineers had sensitive technology, can make good use of the master design and manufacturing knowledge, to use a certain product features. And a beauty of art, the designer, you can use the aesthetic qualities and good ergonomics, and other aspects of expertise, to complete the product interface design. Modern designers is to understand and through the effective means to mobilize members of the Organizations ability to enable all areas of professional staff to work together so that information-sharing, complementary advantages, so that the outstanding products as soon as possible into a successful programme of goods. 1.4 modern design of new issues Modern design is the design team conducted in a way, modern designers have the ability to handle the design of several new issues: Sensitive to new product development opportunities, this is a new product design, may also be of their products have improved design; So that the different fields of expertise of the staff of a harmonious and efficient work. Eliminate the barriers between different professionals, the other with the design for the common goal to work hard; Construction of a full product development process. This team will be planned for phase, the design work; better understanding of the products extracted from a potential consumer of information, so that the design team that truly master users of modeling, and technical characteristics of the most profound impression, and so on; successful consumer products often have been recognized form of attributes and characteristics of the design staff to in-depth analysis and enhance these attributes, and applied to product design. 1.5 Design Education Reform In order to meet the needs of the development of modern design, design education must also be a corresponding change. (1) design of the general education and design for the improvement of water Raising the level of design and design of the general education and promotion are inseparable. The manual from kindergarten classes, involving the design of early education: how to use certain materials to create good-looking, fun things. With the age of growth and the accumulation of knowledge the children produced by the object more complex, more sophisticated. To the secondary school stage, is likely to require students to mix with people working to complete the design of more complex tasks, each member of this period we should play to their respective expertise, to find, to exchange, to express to the production. In primary stage (can be extended to pre-school stage), you can practice by designing courses, guide the students to establish a design concept. To the higher education stage, is to ask students from theory to a high degree of awareness, understanding, Design, which can make comprehensive use of the theory to guide the design. Universal primary education in the stage, designed to promote education, students in higher education stage will be able to better grasp of modern design theory and methods. This is to raise the level of a countrys overall design an effective means and in the United Kingdom and other countries has been very good proof of this. (2) the expansion of educational content Unlike the artistic performance of specific techniques or structural design professional, modern design is a philosophy, is a way. Design of the contents is based on modern design has the knowledge and skills identified. Therefore, the arts, technology, engineering, economics, management, humanities, social sciences and other fields content should be included in this category. Of course, in todays knowledge explosion, students can not be limited in the learning of the practice of so many, but through science curriculum of theory and practice of organic integration, it can enable students to master the basic and necessary knowledge. For example, the U.S. card-resistant Mellon University School of Design students to jointly complete the design project. Students in the design process of practice field staff understand the relevant way of thinking, make up the relevant professional knowledge, learning teams working methods. To the modern designers, the completeness of the knowledge structure and rationality of need than proficient in a particular profession is even moreimportant.中文译文现代产品设计随着经济的增长和技术的发展，当工业设计的引申意义别不断的扩大时，一些对于工业设计最基本的定义也在逐渐的深化，这就导致了一些原本设计理论和内容的转变和整修。在新的IT时代，设计的内容方法和概念相对于以前已经有个很大的改变，然而在沿袭传统经典和创意新奇概念的过程中，比较与分析的方法始终扮演了一个重要的角色。1.1传统设计传统的工业设计和产品的发展主要涉及三个方面即艺术，工程和销售。一些工作在艺术领域的设计师他们总是有着出色的艺术基础和视觉的草图表现力，他们同时还具有关于人机和美学方面丰富的知识，所以他们可以很轻松的解决产品的艺术性问题。那些工作在项目工程领域的人他们有着深厚的技术背景，他们可以依照整个产品生产使用的绘图的要求来详细的设计，他们可以解决产品技术方面的问题，但是他们常常忽略产品的美学性，不关注流行时尚和超市里具有成本效益的产品。在商业领域，营销人员精通经济方面的知识，他们会利用销售理论预测消费者得行为，他们关注产品的市场发展趋势，但是他们却不懂美学和技术方面的问题。在传统的工业产品设计的过程中，三个领域的大多数人员都在他们各自的领域独立工作，产品工程师解决技术的问题，因此，具有必要功能和能够生产的产品被批量生产，这种产品是“有用的”。在产品的外形设计上，设计师运用美学，人机工程学和其他一些学科的知识使产品拥有一个尚好的视觉触觉或其他的效果，我们也希望产品是“有用的”。营销人员解决的是产品的销售问题和用户的评价，他们预测未来市场的状况并把信息反馈给上述两组设计师，因此他们懂得流行并提示设计师对设计进行改善和更新，所以用户都想用设计过的产品。在这个过程中常常是一些人在他们自己的专业领域里和其他领域交流后完成工作的，由于缺少全面的管理和统一的设计，设计各个环节关键的连接就会不一致，产品也就不能成为真正大的有用的吸引人的产品。1.2现代设计随着经济社会的发展和人民生活水平的提高，人们已经摆脱了低水平的生活方式。由于种种矛盾引起的各个地域经济发展不平衡问题出现的全球化，产品的需求也大大的提高。这也越来越多的反应在产品设计上和其他方面的发展，随着科学和技术的快速发展，不仅是有很多技术含量的有形产品，也有软件这样无形的产品，这些变化主要反应在以下几个方面。（1）产品的多样化为了提高人们的生活品味，“个性”成为具有更多价值的产品，这使得以前只为了满足大多数人最基本的生活需求而批量化生产的产品设计转化成现在这种可以满足人们不同的需求的小批量生产的产品，因此市场需要更多的更广泛的产品，这就需要更灵活的产品设计，更短的设计周期。早期的产品的设计和产品的比较，当今的产品的技术含量被大幅度提高，它们可能不仅仅是靠出色的视觉效果给人以深刻的印象，它们还可能依靠听觉，嗅觉，触觉甚至是味觉，或者是使人感动的混合的知觉。随着计算机和网络技术的发展和普及，出现了种类繁多的软件产品和网络产品，这些无形的产品不管形式上还是设计上相对于传统的有形的产品都有很大的差别。（2）设计创新和改变在经济持续增长的大环境下，产品极大的丰富，在这样的一个新纪元人们的物质需求不断的增长，很多设计工作靠设计师本人的能力是很难完成的，如果一件工业设计产品是一个完美的视觉形式同艺术与技术的结合，但是市场的认同度却很低，那么用现代的观点来讲，这就不是一个成功的产品设计，可能仅仅是艺术形式的一部分。如果是一个团队去协调一个新产品的发展，设计师工程师和市场销售人员一同工作，这三个领域的专家发挥他们各自的专长，共同交流研究，这就有可能避免上述情况的发生。信息时代的新产品软件的出现使团队更能体现其必要性，人们应用的软件产品有两种类型，一种是界面看起来很漂亮但是用它来处理东西，显示菜单都不顺手，图标也让人很困惑！软件的设计是很标准话的，有着很多专用的图标，但是接界面的视觉效果却不能令人满意，造成这种现象的原因是程序设计师不懂界面设计，对于一个界面设计师来说，他们不懂程序结构的设计，只有使程序设计师和界面设计师充分的交流，才有可能设计出“有用的”软件产品。另外，由于人们对社会的感知，对文化的感知，和不断增长的对环境的感知，产品的设计已经不是简单的具体的视觉引入，但是产品或是项目的运作是这个样子的，这就意味着产品的引申意义已经被扩大了，一种酒可以成为世界上知名的品牌，其中一些拥有不错的酿制技术，完美的酒瓶设计和成功的市场策略，这些都是紧密联系杂一起的，作为最终的产品设计，产品所包含的意义已经不再是瓶子的形式，而这个酒瓶就是市场策略的集合。另外一个例子，为流动人群解决短期和临时的住所而设计的简易房或水平缸，这并不是一个简单的设计而是及文化，环境或其他一些问题为一体的项目，因此产品的引申意义被扩大了，也就需要更多人员进入设计队伍中，在设计的过程中通过融合，交流去完成创意产品的设计。（3）现代设计师的角色在当今这个产品发展的过程中，如果设计师仅仅局限于传统的知识领域而