readingskills(猜词).ppt

OnReading,囧,今天好囧啊，等了半天打不到的士。,Ifyoucomeacrossthenewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?,Howtoguessthemeaningsofwords,猜测词义读懂文章,-高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）,题型及解题技巧,Teachingbackground教学背景,阅读理解,1.,20052009年阅读理解试题分类情况,猜测词义题目类型,对考纲外生词的猜测,ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_.”,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,Ihadfirstknownshewaswrongthatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全国卷)“cloud”means“_.”,QuestionForm(二轮P66),1.Theword“”refersto/means/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Theunderlinedword/sentencemeans_.3.Findinthepassageawordclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“”.4.Whatdoes“”inthelasttwoparagraphsstandfor?,方法一：Usingwordformation（构词法）,Approachintroduction方法介绍,2.,prefix(前缀）,suffix（后缀）,un-,wordroot(词根）,believe,-able,Guessingthemeaning,unbelievable,Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.(2003NMET),unconditional:,无条件的,绝对的adj.,condition,conditional,情况，条件n.,有条件的adj.,unconditional:,nonjudgmental:,没有判断力的,judge,judgment,judgmental,判断v.,判断n.,adj.,nonjudgmental:,-er-or-ian-ist-ese-ess,后缀,构成可数名词,猜一猜:solvedrugelectricgreatremind,构词法,-ment-tion-ness-sion-ery-ing,后缀,构成抽象名词,solution,druggist,electrician,greatness,reminder,dis-im-mis-un-non-,否定前缀,re-co-mini-over-pre-post-vice-en-tele-,其它前缀,重复,共同,平等,小,过度,-后,副的,使-可能,远程,-前,猜一猜:minicarpostwarsupermarketpreviewpreschoolrecallirrelativenonstandarddisloyalunlockco-workeroveractivevicepresident,微型汽车战后超市预习学前回忆,回想无关系的不标准的不忠诚的开锁合作者过分活跃副总统,-al-ble-ern-ful-ish-ive-less-y-ly-ous,形容词后缀,enizeify,动词后缀,e.g.weakenrealizesatisfy,猜猜:strengthensimplifyactivatemountainouscourageouschangeablelifelesshillypeaceablefictional,方法二：Usingcontextclues（利用上下文线索）,同义词、近义词,Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeopleshealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.,有害的adj.,作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。,also,技巧1,资金n.,Atthebeginningtheydidnothaveenoughcapitaltostartabusiness,norweretheyabletoborrowtheamountofmoneytheyneededfromthebank.,money,同义词、近义词,nor,同义词常见信号词：or,namely,thatis,i.e.,thatistosay,等。,Ex.symptoms,volatile,shivered,Oneofsymptomscausedbythiskindofillnessisahighfever.Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.,症状,易挥发的,颤抖,反义词,eg.Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely“homely”means“”.,平凡的，不好看的,Withthehelpofwordslike:unlike;buthowever,while,instead,ontheotherhand.,Unlike,handsome,技巧2,Ratherthanlikingthemovie,asIexpectedthemto,allmyfriendsabhorredit.厌恶，憎恨,Ratherthan,liking,Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,不同意,Ex.turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent,定义、解释或举例,通过定义,定语从句/同位语/词或词组(is;was;mean;thatis;thatstosay;or;namely;inotherwords;toputitanotherway;i.e,suchas;like;especially;forinstance;forexample)来确定词义,技巧3,1.Whenwritinganarticle,weoftenusesimile,suchas“braveasalion”and“quicklikelightning”“simile”means“_”.,【修辞】明喻,常见的信号词：suchas,forexample,forinstance等。,ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_.”,通晓多种语言的,2.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.3.Heisaresoluteman,oncehesetsupagoal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.,Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,木匠,动物学家,牧人,Ex.carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,因果关系,Withthehelpofconjunctionslike:because,as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，therefore，sothat，etc.,技巧4,-sinceyouaremysuperior（上级）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.（2005年上海卷）AfullofrespectBtooconfidentandrudeClackinginexperienceDtooshyandquiet,since,superior,SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.Hessuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.,复制品,精明的,修剪,Ex.replica,shrewd,trim,标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）,1.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers,技巧5,2.Theotherquestionedtheveracitythetruthfulnessofthesereports.3.Weareonthenightshiftworkingfrommidnightto8a.m.thisweek.,经验和常识,Inspiteofthefactthefishermenwerewearingsouwesters,thestormwassoheavythattheywerewetthrough.,akindofraincoat,技巧6,Theheatofsunwarmssomeoceanwater.Thesurfaceofthewaterevaporates，formingacloudofwarm,wetairthatmovesupward“evaporates”means“_”,turnsintovapour蒸发,1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.2.Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.3.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.,Ex.dowry,wither,anaesthetic,嫁妆,枯萎,麻药,UsingwordformationUsingcontext(上下文）clues（线索）,同义词、近义词反义词定义、解释或举例因果关系标点符号经验和常识,Summary小结,3.,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。,做题要领,Letusdosomeexercisestoconsolidateit.,4.,Practicemakesperfect,1.MostwomeninGhanatheeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans_.repeatedB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sick2.“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”sayhisfriendPatWilliams,“hewasntagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy,Part1Consilidation,3.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans_.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever4.Thelargestplayer-ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCentreoffersawidevarietyofchoices-deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.Thewords“deluxesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagonsusedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers,5.SinceIhavefinishedmypapernow,Iamgoingtogivemyselfatreattonight.Iamgoingtowatchamovieoncampus,anactionmoviecalled“FaceOff”.Theunderlinedwords“atreat”heremeans_.A.anactionmovieB.somethingpleasanttoenjoyC.arestD.somethingnicetoeat6.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A.toworktoliveB.toeattoliveC.toteachtoliveD.topaytouse,7.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydontunderstandsomething,theysayso.Theword“audience”intheparagraphmeans_.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatchaplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholistenstosomething8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countryD.house,Nowletstrysomeexamplesinthepassages.Herearesomeexamplesintheexams.Trytoguessthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingpassages.,Part2Practice,eg：ABrownUniversitysleepresearcherhassomeadviceforpeoplewhorunhighschools:Dontstartclassessoearlyinthemorning.Itmaynotbethatthestudentswhonodoffattheirdesksarelazy.Anditmaynotbethattheirparentshavefailedtoenforce(确保)bedtime.Instead,itmaybethatbiologicallythesesleepyheadstudentsarentusedtotheearlyhour.49.Theunderlinedphrase“nodoff”mostprobablymeans“_”.A.turnaroundB.agreewithothersC.fallasleepD.refusetowork,Passage1.,eg：Aheart-warmingstorytellsofawomanwhofinallydecidedtoaskherbossforaraiseinsalary.Alldayshefeltnervousandapprehensive.Lateintheafternoonshesummonedthecouragetoapproachheremployer.Toherdelight,thebossagreedtoaraise.54.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_A.worriedB.eagerC.certainD.afraid,Passage2.,eg：Eachregionhasadistinctivelocalflavor.Here,wedliketointroducethebestofChinesecuisine.Now,theremightbeChineserestaurantsalmosteverywhereintheworld,butIcouldntthinkofabetterplaceortimetoshowthecharmofitthanattheBeijingOlympics.41.Theunderlinedwordinparagraph1mostprobablymeans_A.cookerB.cookC.foodD.tradition,Passage3.,AbiketourandracewillbeheldonAug26and27.At5:30am,theriderswillleaveTiananmenSquareandridethefirst35kmasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55KmlegfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetition.Theunderlinedword“leg”probablymeans_.A.raceB.practiceC.partofthetrainingD.partofthetour,Passage4.,Passage5.Wecannotfeelspeed.Butoursenseletusknowthatwearemoving.Weseethingsmovingpastandfeelthatwearebeingshaken.Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.Butwenoticeitforonlyashorttime.Forexamplewefeelitduringthetakeoffrunofanairplane.1.Accelerationisthenamefor_.A.anykindofmovementB.themovementofaplaneC.asteadyspeedD.anincreaseinspeed,Passage6.Atornadocandoalotofdamage.Thewindofatornadorushesatgreatspeedaroundafunnel-shapedcloud.Ittravelsinapathafewhundredfeetwideandabouttwenty-fivemileslong.Asthewindcircles,thefunnelspiralshigherandhigher.2.Atornadoisa_.A.rainstormB.duststormC.greatcirclewindD.hugefunnelofwater,Passage7.（09佛山一模A篇）Thatswhyintergenerationalprogrammes,designedtobringtheoldandyoungtogether,aregrowingpopularityallovertheworld.Thereareexamplesofsuccessfulattemptsallovertheworld.UsingyoungpeopletoteachITskillstoolderpeopleisoneobviousexample.Usingoldpeopleasvolunteerassistantsinschoolsisanother,perhapsreadingwithchildrenwhoneedextraattention.44.Whatdoesthe“intergenerationalprogrammes”referto?A.Combiningelderlyhomeswithnurseryschools.B.LettingthechildrenandtheresidentseattogetherC.AskingyoungpeopletoteachITskillstoolderpeopleD.Usingoldpeopleasvolunteerassistantsinschool.,Passage8.（09深圳一模A篇）ButFAO（FoodandAgricultureOrganization)officialHafezGhanemsayslowerpriceshavefailedtoendthefoodcrisisinmanypoorcountries.“Formillionsindevelopingcountries,”hesays,“gettingenoughfoodeverytoliveanactiveandhealthylifeisadistantdream.”TheFAOsaysfoodshortageisathreattopeopleshealth.Today,two-thirdsoftheworldsundernourishedpeopleliveinjustafewcountries.TheseareIndia,theDemocraticRepublicofCongo,Bangladesh,Indonesia,Pakistan,Ethiopiaandsoon.53.Theunderlinedword“undernourished”inPara.4probablymeans_.A.hungryandunhappyB.unhealthyforlackoffoodCnotfatbecauseofpovertyD.undevelopedandpoor,Passage9.（09广州调研考C篇）Songsthatmakeourheartshappycanmakethemstrongertoo,USresearchersreportedonTuesday.Theyfoundthatwhenpeoplelistenedtotheirfavoritemusic,theirbloodvessels(血管)dilatedinmuchthesamewayaswhentheyarelaughing,ortakingbloodmedications.“Wehaveaprettyimpressiveeffect,”saidDr.MichaelMiller,directorofpreventivecardiology(心脏病学)attheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterinBaltimore.“Bloodvesseldiameterimproved,”hesaid,“Thevesselopenedupprettysignificantly.Youcanseethevesselsopeningupwithotheractivitiessuchasexercise.”Asimilareffectisseenwithdrugssuchasstains.51.Theunderlinedworddilate(inpar.2)isclosestinmeaningto“_”A.widenB.moveC.changeD.increase,Passage10.STOCKHOLMASwedeandtwoAmericanswonthe2000NobelPrizeformedicineonOct.9forstudiesonhowmessagesmovearoundthenervoussystem.ThediscoverymakesitpossibletodevelopdrugsagainstParkinsonsdiseaseandschizophrenia.ArvidCarlsonofSwedenandPaulGreengardandEricKandeloftheUnitedStatessharethefirstprizeofthemillennium,worthnearlyUS$1million,fortheirdiscoveries,SwedensKarlinskaInstitutesaid.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“schizophrenia”probablymean?A.akindofillnessB.anewdiscoveryC.anameofasubjectD.anewdrug,UnfamiliarwordistoEnglishreadingwhatsetbackistoourlife.Youcanchoosetoignoreitorturntoothersforhelp,butmostoftimeyouwillhavetoovercomeitonyourown.Nomatterwhatdiffi