2018届高三英语一轮总复习专题2.3Computers词汇短语含解析.docx

专题2.3 Computers【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1. calculate vt.计算；估算；计划（教材原句）I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。【归纳拓展】calculate on sb./sth.(doing sth.) 期待某人/某物(做某事)calculated adj. 精心策划的；蓄意的be calculated to do sth. 打算或计划做某事It has been calculated that.据估算calculating adj. 精明的；精于算计的calculation n. 计算（1）I there are 10，080 minutes in a week.我计算出一周有10，080分钟。（2）The advertisements are calculated _(attract) young consumers.这些广告旨在吸引年轻的消费者。 （3）We are calculating _ an early start.我们期待着可以提早开始。2arise v出现；发生（教材原句）Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.然后她把我在新情况下可能用得上的可靠动作也编制出程序。【归纳拓展】arise from.起因于；由产生While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful，problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves.(2010山东，阅读理解D)虽然科学家们正想办法让电池变得更小且功能更强大，但是当电池比设备本身还要大还要重时，可能会出现问题。（1）I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have _.我本来想事情会很容易，但是出现了许多问题。（2）Accidents _ carelessness.事故由粗心大意引起。（3）A heavy mist _ the lake.湖面起了浓雾。（4）He _ his seat.他从座位上站起来。【名师点津】辨析arise/arouse/rise/raisearise 是不及物动词，在现代英语中主要用于借喻，指“出现，发生，产生”。arouse 是及物动词，指“唤醒，激起”，后常跟抽象名词。rise是不及物动词，使用范围较广，指“升起，上升，增长”，也可指“起立，起床，地位升高”等。raise 是及物动词，用在句中，后面需跟宾语。一般指“升起，举起，增加(程度、价格等)；提高(音量)；提出；种植(农作物)；养育；抚育(子女)”。（1）The river is _ after the rain.（2）He _ his hand in the hope of being asked.（3）His strange behaviour _ our suspicions.（4）New problems _ every day.【答案】（1）rising（2）raised（3）aroused（4）arise提示：原形过去式过去分词v.ingarise(vi.)arosearisenarisingarouse(vt.)arousedarousedarousingrise(vi.)roserisenrisingraise(vt.)raisedraisedraising3solve vt.解决；解答n答案；谜底；解决方法(of/for/to)（教材原句）In 1936 my real father，Alan Turing，wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。【归纳拓展】solve a difficulty解决困难solve a problem in maths解答数学问题solution n解决办法；处理手段a solution to sth. 某事的解决办法a solution to the problem问题的解决方案/法Instead，let him attempt to solve things by himself.相反，让他自己试着解决一些事情。（1）_ in the examination?你答对所有的考试题了吗？（2）He tried to _.他试图解开那个秘密。（3）It may take a long time to find a solution _ the problem.要找到解决这个问题的办法也许要花很长时间。4. signal v. n发信号；信号（教材原句）For example，I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.例如，当我无人防守时，我可以用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我，这样可以好好射一个球。【归纳拓展】signal to sb.to do sth. 发信号要某人做某事signal to sb.that. 用信号通知某人signal for help 发出求救信号traffic signals 交通信号灯a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was a signal for everyone to stand up. 在我们班上，当铃声响起，老师合上他的书时，那是一个每个人要站起来的信号。（1）All I get is _ whenever I dial his number.我什么时候拨他的电话听到的都是忙音。（2）He _ for the bill.他示意服务员结帐。（3）She _ follow her.她示意他跟她走。【答案】（1）a busy signal （2）signaled the waiter （3）signaled him to【易错点拨】signal/mark/ symbol/sign/ 均含“标志，象征，符号”之意。（1）signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。（2）mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。（3）symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。（4）sign普通用词，指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。（1）Red cross is a _ for hospital.（2）A red light is usually a _ of danger.（3）Make a _ where you dont understand.（4）Are dark clouds a _ of rain?（5）A dove(鸽子) is a _ for peace.5. application n应用；用途；申请（教材原句）Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。【归纳拓展】make an application to sb.for sth. 向某人申请某物apply v. 申请；应用apply for 申请；请求apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于apply to 适用于；运用于applicant n. 申请者（1）The nurse applied some medicine _ his burn.护士在他的烧伤处上了点药。（2）He applied _(him) to his new job.他努力干好新的工作。【答案】（1）to （2）himself6anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此（教材原句）Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.不管怎样，我的任务是给人类提供更高质量的生活。【归纳拓展】anyhow 用于肯定句时，意思与anyway相近，意为“无论如何；不管怎样；反正”。用于否定句时，意为“无论如何(也不)”。其位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或者句末。somehow adv.以某种方式；用某种方法；不知为什么 （1）It doesnt make much difference because we are going to be late .这没多大关系，因为反正我们要迟到了。（2）We must get the work finished _ by tomorrow morning.我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。二、核心短语回顾1. have.in common有共同点；共享（教材原句）In pairs discuss what they have in common.两人一组，讨论一下它们有什么相同之处。【归纳拓展】have in common 共同之处in common with.与一样；和很像in common 共同；共有；共用（1）Mandy and Tom seem to .曼蒂和汤姆似乎有很多共同的地方。（2）He has something in common _ you.他有些地方和你很像。（3）In common _ many young people，he prefers pop music to classical music.和许多年轻人一样，他更喜欢流行音乐，不太喜欢古典音乐。【答案】（1）have a lot in common （2）with （3）with2. from.on从时起（教材原句）From then on，I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.从那时起，我在体积和智能方面迅速成长。【归纳拓展】from then on从那时起from now on 从现在起from today on 从今天起（1） , we should pay more attention to protecting the environment.从现在起，我们应该更加注意保护环境。（2）His wife died in 2008 and from _ _ on he lived alone/since then he has lived alone.他的妻子在2008年去世了，从那时起他一直一个人生活。3as a result结果；因此（教材原句）As a result I totally changed my shape.因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。【归纳拓展】result n. 结果as a result of 由于；因为without result毫无结果地result vi. 发生；产生result from.由产生result in/lead to导致；造成（1）Over the past decades，sea ice has been decreasing in the Arctic as a result of global warming.(2009 浙江9)由于全球变暖，在过去的几十年里，北极的海冰已经在缩小。学*（2）She was late as a result of the heavy snow.由于下大雪，她来迟了。（1）His failure resulted _ his carelessness.他的失败是由于他的粗心造成的。（2）His carelessness resulted _ his failure.他的粗心导致了他的失败。（3）He was ill. _, he didnt go to school.他生病了。因此，他没去上学。（4）_ his illness, he didnt go to school.由于生病，他没去上学。【图形助记】巧述“因果”4in a way有几分；在某种程度上；就某一方面（相当于in one way/in some way）（教材原句）In a way our programmer is like our coach.从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。【归纳拓展】all the way一路上；一直；完全by the way顺便说by way of 经由，途径in the way妨碍；挡路in no way决不，无论如何都不（放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）on the way 在途中on ones/the way to. 在某人去的途中；即将成为 （1）You are quite right _.从某一方面来讲，你完全正确。（2）Its surprising that so many people should go abroad _ Hong Kong.竟然有这么多的人途经香港去国外，真让人吃惊。（3）_ can we miss the chance that someone will be sent abroad for further education.我们决不能错过这个被派往国外深造的机会。（4）Dont stand _.不要妨碍别人。（5）We were just _ when it began to rain.我们正在路上，这时天开始下雨了。【答案】（1）in a way （2）by way of （3）In no way （4）in the way （5）on5. with the help of with ones help 在的帮助下（教材原句）After all，with the help of my electronic brain which never forgets anything，using my intelligence is what Im all about!不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切！【归纳拓展】help sb.out帮助某人摆脱困境help sb.with sth. 在某方面帮助某人help(to)do sth. 帮着做某事help oneself(to) 自用；自行取用cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事（1）I cant work out this math problem，please help me _我做不出这道数学题，请帮我一下。（2）When she heard the funny story，she could not help _(laugh)当她听到这个滑稽的故事时，她不禁笑了。（3）Now we can reduce the production costs _ the computer 现在有这台电脑帮忙，我们就能降低生产成本了。6deal with处理，对付；对待；解决；涉及（教材原句）This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.这就意味着它应该打扫房子、拖地板、做饭和接听电话。【归纳拓展】deal with中的deal为不及物动词，常与疑问词how连用，表示“怎么处理/对待”；同义短语为do with，其中的do为及物动词，表示“怎么处理/对待”时，与疑问词what连用。deal with常表示“对付，应付；处理，安排；论及，涉及；与交流，交易”等。Have you dealt with these letters yet?这些信件你已经处理了吗？I hate to deal/dealing with large impersonal companies.我讨厌与那些没有人情味的大公司打交道。I dont know how they deal with the problem.