教案——被动语态.doc

_课堂导入 （3分钟）越来越多的人在玩这个游戏。这个游戏被越来越多的人玩。基础知识夯实基础 （30分钟） 扎实基础【】 被动语态的基本结构 be + 动词过去分词【】 被动语态的用法 在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁：This watch is made in China. 这块手表是中国制造。2.没有必要支出动作的执行者是谁： More trees must be planted every year. 每年都应该种更多的树。3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时： Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。4.动作的发出者不是指人： Many houses were washed away by the floor. 许多房子被洪水冲走了。【】 主动语态和被动语态的转化 主动语态 变 被动语态 1.要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。2.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格带刺变成宾格代词，并由by引导。3.谓语动词变成相应的被动时态。例：We asked him to sing an English song. He was asked to sing an English song by us. 带双宾语的谓语动词 变 被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。 若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语； 若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加介词to 或者 for。 例，She gave me a book.（变为被动语态） I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me 改为主语) A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语a book改为主语） 动词短语 变 被动语态 许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。 注意：动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 例，We should take good care of the children. The children should be taken care of. 带复合宾语的动词 变 被动句宾语加上宾语补足语 一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在远处，成为主语补足语。 例，I saw some boys playing football on the playground. Some boys were seen playing football on the playground被动语态后 动词形式的选择主动句中的感官动词 see, hear, feel, notice 等 和使役动词let, make, have 等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动句时，应加上动词不定式符号to. 例，We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening. The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.【】 各种时态的被动语态【趁热打铁】1. A new club in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：年初，我们学校 一个新俱乐部。目前，它已经吸纳了很多会员。本题主语为动作承受者，需用被动语态。根据时间状语“at the beginning of this year ”可知应用一般过去时。故选D。回顾小结 （2分钟） 根据图像注意主动与被动之间的切换，主语与宾语的正确写法； 通过表格，要认识并掌握每个时态所表达的被动语态及正确书写格式。专题导入（） （3分钟）被动语态中，时常伴随着时态的改变，认真注意每个细节，防止走入误区。 坚定步伐易错清单1. 主动结构表被动(1)open, lock, write, read, sell, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可以用主动语态表被动意义。如:Mo Yans novels sell well. 莫言的小说很好卖(销路好)。(2)表示感觉的连系动词如feel, look, smell, sound, taste等后跟表语时,总是用其主动结构表达被动意义,它们不能用于被动语态。如:The table feels smooth.这张桌子摸起来很光滑。(3)在be worth doing（值得做）中,doing表被动意义。 The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。(4)want/need/require +doing相当于want/need/ require +to be done。如:The library needs cleaning.=The library needs to be cleaned. 图书馆需要打扫了。2. 不用被动语态的情况(1)当谓语是表示状态或特征的及物动词时,不用被动语态。这样的及物动词有have, become, cost, reach, sell, arrive, fit, hold, own, suit等。如:We have a good teacher.我们有一位好老师。The classroom holds 80 students.这间教室容纳80个学生。(2)及物动词的宾语为反身代词、相互代词、非谓语动词、同源宾语时,都没有被动语态。如:The boy taught himself English. 这男孩自学英语。We help each other. 我们互相帮助。(3)当主动句的宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。如:She likes to swim. 她喜欢游泳。3. 被动语态与系表结构的区别动词“be+过去分词”这一结构既可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构。这两种结构主要的区别是:被动语态强调动作,系表结构强调状态。我们还可以通过以下方法来判断:(1)从形式上来看,被动语态往往接by施动者,而系表结构往往有固定的搭配,如be separated from, be covered with, be interested in, be surprised at, be satisfied with等。如:We were surprised at the unexpected news.听到这个意外消息,我们感到惊讶。(系表结构)注意:句中有“by+人”时,多用被动语态;而“by+物”时,多属系表结构。如:The house was surrounded by the police.这房子被警察包围了。(被动语态)The house was surrounded by trees.这房子四周都是树。(系表结构,表示静止的状态)(2)从时态上来看,被动语态的be时态要与动作发生的时间一致;而系表结构的be只有一般时或完成时,表示目前或过去的性质或状态。如:This window was broken by Kate yesterday.这窗户是凯特昨天打破的。(被动语态)This glass is broken. 这块玻璃是破的。(系表结构,指目前的状态)(3)从句中的状语来看,过去分词前有well, very, quite等副词修饰的是系表结构;若句中有时间、方式或目的状语时,一般为被动语态。如:The play is well written.这剧本写得很好。(系表结构) The play was written with great care. 这剧本是非常用心地写出来的。(被动语态,有方式状语)(4)被动语态中的过去分词必须是及物动词,而系表结构中的过去分词可以是gone, fallen, risen等不及物动词。如:My pen is gone. 我的钢笔不见了。(系表结构)The sun is risen. 太阳升起来了。(系表结构)回顾小结 （2分钟） 专题导入 用双手，成就你的梦想。在解答被动语态题时首先要判断主语和动作的关系,如果主语是动作的执行者,则该句为主动句;如果主语是动作的承受者,则该句为被动句。依据句子意思做出正确选择。【例1】(2014浙江宁波30) I heard that Line 1 of Ningbo Subwaylast month. A. was testedB. is testedC. testsD. tested【解析】考查被动语态的用法。由句意“我听说上个月宁波一号铁路线被检测了”判断,句子的主语是动作的承受着,应用被动语态,last month是一般过去的时间状语,因此谓语动词应用一般过去时。故选A。【答案】A【例2】(2013湖北孝感38)Many treeson the streets every year. So the air is very fresh now.A. plantB. are plantedC. plantedD. were planted【解析】考查被动语态的用法。根据“every year”得知用一般现在时态。主语是many trees,故用一般现在时态的被动语态,因此选B。【答案】B 【例3】(2013湖南益阳30)The sports meeting next month.A. will holdB. is going to holdC. will be held【解析】考查被动语态的用法。主语the sports meeting不能执行谓语动词hold,是hold的承受者,需用被动语态。next month说明句子用一般将来时态,其被动结构为:will be held。故选C。【答案】C2. 正确判断时态被动语态离不开时态。考生要牢记各种时态,掌握被动句的构成,不能混淆。依据句子中的时间状语或上下文暗示,分析判断句子时态。【例4】(2014江苏南京13)Were sure that the environment in our city greatly through our work in the near future.A. improvedB. was improved C. has improvedD. will be improved【解析】考查动词时态和语态的用法。句意:我们相信我们城市的环境在不久的将来通过我们的工作将被大大改善。”由句中的in the near future判断,该句要用一般将来时的被动语态形式,所以选D。【答案】D【例5】(2013江西35)The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book into French as soon as it came out.A. was translatedB. translatedC. is translatedD. translates【解析】考查被动语态 根据题干his new book 和 translate 的关系,应该选择被动语态,又根据时间状语从句as soon as it came out 是一般过去时态,可知“被翻译”也是一般过去时态。故选A。【答案】A 【例6】(2013浙江宁波35)Have you finished your project?Not yet. Ill finish it if Iten more minutes.A. giveB. am givenC. will giveD. will be given【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:如果再给我十分钟我会完成它。主语与动词give之间是被动关系,在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选B。【答案】B.【专项练习】1. ( 2014深圳18) Its reported that some capsules(胶囊)are really bad our health.Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possibleA. to;is solvedB. for;has solved C. to;was solvedD. for;will be solved2. ( 2014广东模拟43)Lots of trees and flowers on both sides of the road last year. Oh, beautiful they are!A. have been planted;whatB. were planted;whatC. were planted;how D. have been planted;what3. ( 2014浙江模拟二21) Can you play the piece of music for us,Cathy?Of course. It many times.A. teachesB. is taughtC. has been taughtD. taught4. (2013陕西)The sick boy to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is takenB. was takenC. takesD. took5. (2013河北)Driving after drinking wine in China.A. allowsB. doesnt allowC. is allowedD. isnt allowed6. (2013重庆)Ito take part in the English speech contest last week.A. askB. askedC. am askedD. was asked7. (2013湖南岳阳)May I use your cup,Tom?Sorry,itby my sister just now.A. was brokenB. is brokenC. broke8. (2013江苏南京)Im glad to find that many trees in our city last year.A. plantB. plantedC. were plantedD. are planted9. (2013安徽)Do you have any problems if you this job?Well,Im thinking about the working day.A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered参考答案与解析1. D解析:考查一般将来时态被动语态的用法。故选D。“be bad for. (对有害)”是固定搭配,所以排除A、C两项。因为应答句后面一句的主语是动作的承受者,谓语动词要用被动语态。由“as soon as possible(尽快)”判断,应该用一般将来时态。故选D。2. C解析:考查一般过去时态被动语态