高中英语动词时态复习课件.ppt

English Basic Tenses (时态),他昨天来了. 他已经来了. 他明天来. 汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.,He came yesterday.,He has come.,He will come tomorrow.,注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：“be going to +动词原形”“be to+动词原形”“ be about to+动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。 (2)现在进行时与always，continually，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如： He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬),How did you spend your childhood? (3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化),Example: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time.,spent,played,didnt,were,一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense ) 1.结构: 谓动用动词过去式 2.用法: 在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。,2.在Its (about / high) time (that) , Id rather , Would you mind if 等句式中，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来的动作。 Its time you took a rest now. - Shall I open a window? - Id rather you didnt . Would you mind very much if I asked you to do something?,3.在虚拟语气中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来的动作。 If I had time, I would go with you. He looks as if he were ill. I wish I knew the answer. If only I were ten years younger.,How is your daily life as a high school student?,(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化),二. 一般现在时 ( The Present Indefinite ) 1.结构: 主语为第三人称单数,谓动要变化,其余人称用原形.,I _(study) hard every day and I _(get) along well with my classmates, but sometimes I _ (miss) my families.,2. 用法: 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如often/ usually, every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。,2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun.,3) 表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时间状语连用如： The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m. The train leaves at 8:oo am,4. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 Ill write to you as soon as I get there. We wont go unless it is fine tomorrow. He wont forgive me even if I apologize.,5. 在由here和there引起的句子中，常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。 Here comes the bus. ( The bus is coming.) There she goes. ( She is going.),犹如,picture,How will you spend your Winter holiday? I will Im going to,三. 一般将来时( The Simple Future Tense ) will / be going to do,2. be +to do，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to have an exam this week.,3. be about to do, 表示马上做某事, 不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用. He is about to leave for Beijing.,三、一般将来时,一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。 He will be 18 next year. We will come to see you every Sunday.,一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性的动作。 Man will die.（人总是要死的。） Things will happen against our wish. （事情是不会按照我们的愿望发生的。）,Will 的否定形式表示“不能”、“没法”。 The car wont start.（这辆车开不动。） Oil and water will not mix.（油和水没法混合在一起。）, 三种形式的具体用法 (一)、be going to +动词原形:表示将来 What are you going to do tomorrow? The play is going to be produced next month。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.,上一页,下一页, 一般将来时 ,a. 主语的意图，打算做某事。,b. 计划，安排要发生的事。,c. 有迹象要发生的事,(二) “be to do“的5种用法 例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. （星期一你准会在实验室见到她。） 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）,上一页,下一页, 一般将来时 ,一、表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。,二、该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。,三、能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may） 四、不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。,上一页,下一页, 一般将来时 ,例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？） 例：The worst is still to come They said goodbye，little knowing they were never to meet again,五、用于条件从句“如果想，设想”（接近if want to,或if should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been,上一页,下一页, 一般将来时 ,答案是A) is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”,(三)、be about to do：表示“即将做某 事”或“将要做某事” eg: He is about to leave for Beijing. I was about to start out when it began to snow. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。,主菜单,上一页,下一页, 一般将来时 ,时 态,考点五. will用于带有条件状语从句的从句中表示愿望，意愿. eg: If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice . Will 可以表示即刻的打算 -I hear WangLing is ill in hospital. -Really? Then I will go and see her.,主菜单,上一页,下一页, 一般将来时 ,时 态,Dad said to me, “I will buy a computer for you if you can pass the exam.” Dad told me (that) he _ (buy) a computer for me if I could pass the exam.,would buy,四、过去将来时,过去将来时表示现在或将来在虚拟语气中，用过去将来时表示现在或将来的动作。 If you were me, what would you do? How I wish I would go there with you!,过去将来时表示从过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。多用于宾语从句中。 I wasnt sure whether he would do it.,四、过去将来时(The past future simple Tense),1. 用法: 过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 常用于宾语从句中.,2.结构: Should / would+动词原形 The boy promised he would work hard. I told my parents I should return early.,2).其他形式 was (were) going to was (were) to +动词原形 was (were) about to,What are they doing now? They are having a class.,五. 现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense),2. 用法： 1) 表示现在( 指说话时)正在发生的事情。 We are having English class now. 2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.,1.结构: be (am, are, is)+ doing,3) 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的 动作,多用于表示移动的动词,如: come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay. I m leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?,五、现在进行时,现在进行时 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行的动作，也可以表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 She is reading in the reading room now. We are working on a farm these days.,现在进行时的特殊用法,1.有少数动词（如arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, remove, see, stay, take, work）的现在进行时可用来表示一个按计划或安排在最近将要发生的动作。这样用时，也通常要和一个表示将来时间的状语连用。 He is leaving on Saturday. The girl is having her birthday party tonight. We are removing into the country next week.,2.现在进行时与always, constantly, forever等连用，可表示某种情感（如批评、赞扬、厌烦等）。 . She is always doing fine at school.(赞扬) Your girl is constantly thinking of others. (赞扬) My father is forever losing his keys. (批评),3.be的现在进行时可表示暂时的表现或特点。 You are being impolite to me today. I wont agree with you, but I think you are being childish,4.在时间、条件状语从句中，间或可以用现在进行时表示将来正在进行的动作。 Dont mention this when you are writing the report. If you are standing at the corner when I pass, Ill give you a lift into town.,On August 8, 2008, the 29th Olimpic Games was opening in Beijing.,What were you doing on that day?,六. 过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense),1. 结构：was/ were + doing 2. 用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语 at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while,六、过去进行时,过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 The boy was drawing a horse when I came in. He was writing a new novel last year,but I dont know whether he has finished it.,过去进行时表示过去或过去即将发生的动作。,1.过去进行时代替一般过去时，表示批评、赞扬、厌烦、不满等情绪。 She was always working like that The girl was forever complaining about something.,2. 过去进行时表示过去即将发生的动作。 I was meeting him in the town the next day. She wondered when he was coming back for supper.,七、将来进行时,表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或表示在将来某个时间开始，并要继续进行的动作,This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.,将来进行时常用的时间状语有Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等等,By this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach,When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.,English, boring or funny?,Q1: How old were you when you first started learning English? Q2: How long have you learnt English? A: We have learnt English for many years since we were 6 years old.,八. 现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense),1. 结构: have (has) +过去分词 2.用法: 1). 现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延 续到现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性动词. 常与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如:so far, up to now, recently, in the past 6 years, since, for 等等,I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.,2).表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响 或结果,常用的时间状语有: just ,already, yet, ever, never, once等等. We have finished our lunch already. Have you ever tried this method?,考点：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days； over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries; through centuries; throughout history,比较一般过去时与现在完成时,1). 一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态, 不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。 My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago. （现在不在了) My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years. (目前还在珠海),2). 过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语. I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000. (2000年表示具体的过去时间） I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000. (since 2000表示从2000年至今,包括现在在内) I have just bought an apartment. (just表示不确定的时间状语）,注意：,非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间 的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续 的。 I have received his letter for a month. （错） I havent received his letter for almost a month. （对）,比较since和for,since +时间点, 用来说明动作起始时间 for+ 时间段, 用来说明动作延续时间长度。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born,九.过去完成时 (The past perfect Tense),结构: had + 过去分词 概念：表示过去的过去 -|-|-|- 过去之前 过去 现在 将来,You graduated (毕业) from Junior Middle School in July 2009. You had stayed there for 3 years when you graduated.,When the police arrived, the thieves _(run away). When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading.,had run away,had begun,九、过去完成时,过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 When we reached the station the train had left. They had lived there for ten years before the war broke out.,过去完成时表示过去的情况,1. 在虚拟语气的条件从句中，用动词的过去完成时形式表示与过去事实相反的假设动作。 If you had come earlier, you could have met her. . How I wish I had gone to the concert with you that night. I remember the story as if I had just read it. If only the letter had arrived in time. Id rather you hadnt done that.,2. hope, intend, mean, plan, think等动词的过去完成时可用来 表示一个本来打算去做而实际上没有做到的事。 We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but found it was gone We had intended to get to the cinema last night, but someone called and we couldnt get away. I had thought he was honest, but I was wrong,The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.,十 、 现在完成进行时 构成: have / has been+ doing 概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下： 1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。 I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years. Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。,强调： 已完成性,强调： 持续性，未完成性,Exercises I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get) Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years. How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet? He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book.,group competition,get,will get,got,is knocking,have been,does,surf,was reading,6. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before. 7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer. 8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day. 9. _ the story _ (happen) in London in 1949? 10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door?,have,heard,went,would,Did,happen,was,doing,11. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go) fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday? 13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow. 14. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago. 15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching.,doesnt rain,will go,Does,has worked,wont,walked,had started,play,Jenny Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month.,is,comes,is drawing,moved,didnt have,felt,has,studies,will visit,an empty street an empty house a hole inside heart Im all alone and the rooms are getting smaller I wonder how i wonder why I wonder where they are the days we had the songs we sang together and oh! my love,Im holding on forever reaching for a love that seems so far so i say a litter prayer no my dream will take me there where the skies are blue to see you once again my love,One good turn deserves another I _ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony _ (work) in a lawyers office years ago, but he _ (work) at a bank now. He _ (get) a good salary, but he always _ (borrow) money from his friends and never _ (pay) it back. Tony _ (see) me and _ (come) and _ (sit) at the same table. He _ never _ (borrow) money from me. While he _ (eat), I _ (ask) him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he _ (give) me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Tony said, so now you can pay for my dinner!,was having,worked,is working,asked,saw,came,has,sat,gave,was eating,borrows,gets,pays,borrowed,动词的语态 (voice),动词的语态,语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态； 主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。,We watched a film last night. I drink milk everyday. A film _. Milk _. Summary (总结): is / was +done (p.p),Present/ past simple(一般现在/过去时),was watched by us last night,is drunk by me everyday,Will/ would be done 新电脑下周将投入使用。 The new computers will be used next week. 妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。 My mother told me that my bike would be repaired the next day.,Present/ past future(一般将来时/ 过去将来时),am/ is /are being done was/ were being done 中国国家大剧院正在建设当中。 The National Opera Building is being built at present.,Present/ past progressive (现在进行时/过去进行时),has/ have been done had been done 这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。 The problem has been well solved. 昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。 The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night.,Present/ past perfect (现在完成时/ 过去完成时),不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态 比较： rise是不及物动词；raise是及物动词。 The price has been risen. The price has risen. The price has raised. The price has been raised. The accident was happened last week. The accident happened last week.,(错),(对),(错),(对),(错),(对),要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。,一般现在时: be( am/are/is) + p.p.( 过去分词) 一般过去时: be(was/ were) + p.p. 一般将来时: will be + p.p. 过去将来时: would be + p.p. 现在进行时: be( am/are/is)+ being+ p.p. 过去进行时:be(was/ were )+ being+ p.p. 现在完成时: have/ has+ been + p.p. 过去完成时:had + been + p.p.,Challenge yourself!,1、对於这个问题，关注很少。 Little attention was paid to this problem. 2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。 Group discussion should be encouraged in class. 3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。 It is reported that a new road will be built here. 4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。 Measures should be taken to stop the river from being polluted.,一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.The house belongs to my aunt but she _ (not live) here any more. (全国I) 2. This machine _ (not work). It hasnt worked for years. (浙江) 3. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全国) 4. Population experts predict that most people _(live) in cities in the near future. (上海春),doesnt live,doesnt work,will increase,will live,5. He _(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津) 6. - Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? - Yes, since she _(join) the Chinese Society. (宁夏) 7. Teenagers _(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆) 8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南),played,joined,are damaging,was talking,9. John promised his doctor he _ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京) 10. By this time tomorrow, I_ (lie) on the beach 11. So far this year we _ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建),would not smoke,will be lying,have seen,12. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ (stay) in many worse hotels. (北京) 13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ (know) each other for years. (辽宁),had stayed,had known,17. - Whats that noise? - Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _ (test). (浙江) 18. I like these English songs and they _ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽),is being tested,have been taught,19. No decision _ (make) about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. (北京) 20. - Do you have any problems if you _(offer) this job? - Well, Im thinking about the salary. (湖南),will be made,are offered,高考试题回放,1、 2006全国卷 John, a friend of mine,who got married only last week, spent $3000 more than he_for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned,D,2、全国卷 If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept, will have to B. are not kept, have to C. do not keep, will have to D. do not keep, have to,A,3、北京卷 A new cinema_here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built,D,4.全国卷 In some parts of the world, tea _with milk and sugar. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served No wine will be served at the dinner. Soup is first served.,B,5、全国卷 -_the sports meet might be put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B.Ive told C. Im told C.I told,A,6、全国卷 -Youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going,A,7、全国卷:Helen_her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; come B. left; had come C.had left; came D. had left; would come,C,8、全国卷 -Hey, look where you are going! -Oh, Im terribl