管理和领导力论文[英文版]Management and Leadership Paper.doc

更多精彩文章尽在秀文网（）1ManagementandLeadershipPaperNowmorethanever,withtodayschallengebusinessworld,thenewworkplacedemandsfasterresultsfromfewerpeople.Inordertostaycompetitive,organizationsneedtobenimblerapidlytranslatingnewinformationintoknowledge.Theleadershipstyleofsupervisorsdirectlyinfluencesemployeejobsatisfaction,retention,andcommitmenttogettingthejobdone.Managementandleadershiparetwonotionsthatmaybeinterchangeably,butthereisahugedifferencebetweenamanagerandaleader.Inthispaper,Iwilldifferentiatebetweenmanagementandleadership.Iwillexaminetheroleandresponsibilitiesofleadersincreatingandmaintainingahealthyorganizationalculture.Iwillmaketworecommendationstocreateandmaintainahealthyorganizationalculturefollowedwithacoupleofexamplestosupportmyrecommendation.Managementisdefinedasthepeoplewhoadministeracompany,createpolicies,andprovidethesupportnecessarytoimplementtheownersbusinessobjectives.Amanagersetsgoalsandcontrolsbydirecting,reacting,anddemandingimprovement.Managersdemonstraterationalityandcontrol.Managersareoftenpersistent,tough-minded,hardworking,intelligent,analytical,andtolerant.Manymanagersaretaskorientedandhavethebottomlineoftheorganizationinmind.Therearemanytypesofleaderswithdifferentpersonalitiesandstylesofleadership.Leadershiphasbeendefinedasdirection,conduction,andguidance.Leadershipistheartofcreatinganenvironmentandinfluencingpeopletowillinglyfollowachosendirection.Aleaderprovidesaclearvisionandguidesfollowersalongapaththatrealizesthatvision.Leadership更多精彩文章尽在秀文网（）2directlyaffectstheopinionsandattitudesofpeople,leadingtochangesineachindividualsbehaviorthenthebehaviorofthegroupasawhole.Leadershiphelpsindividualsandgroupsacceptuncertainty,andchangebecausetheyhavetheconfidencetoknowthattheleaderwillprovidesolutionstoanyproblemsthatmayarise.Leaderstendtowanttochangetheprocessforthebettermentofthegroupratherthanthebottomlineofthecompany.Leaderscanseethebigpicture.AManagerisresponsibleforsettinggoalswhileLeadersareresponsibleforensuringthatthosegoalsareachieved.Theyaretwodifferentwaysoforganizingpeople；themanagerusesaformalmethodandtheleaderusespassion.Managersdothingsright,andleadersdotherightthings.(DeSpain,2004,p.80)Managersefficientlymanageprocesses,timeline,andresourcestoobtaindesiredresults；theyexcelatgettingthingsdone.Goodleadersexcelatinspiringpeopletodotheirbest；aleaderismoreemotionalthanamanageris.Managersdothingsbythebookandfollowcompanypolicy.Theytendtoacceptorganizationalstructureandprocessasitexistsalthoughleadersseektherevisionsofprocess；theyfollowtheirownintuition,whichmayinturnbeofmorebenefittothecompany.Leadersstandoutbybeingdifferent.Theyquestionassumptionandaresuspiciousoftradition.Theyseekoutthetruthandmakedecisionsbaseonfact,notprejudice.Theyhaveapreferenceforinnovation.(Fenton,1990,p.113)Inordertocreateandmaintainahealthyorganizationalculturetheremustbeabalanceofpowerwithinitsmanagementandleadership.Thisbalancemustincludeafairamountofplanningandcommunicationaswellastrainingandinclusion.Inorderforemployeestobecontentwithintheirorganizationthesethingsareveryimportant.Myrecommendationforahealthyorganizationalculturemuststartwith更多精彩文章尽在秀文网（）3avastamountofstrategicplanningandcommunication.Ibelievethesearekeyelementsinmaintainingacivilworkenvironment.Ifthemanagementdevisesaplanforthecompanytosucceeditisvitalthattheyalsoconveythoseplansconciselytolowerlevelmanagementorleadershipsothatemployeeshaveaclearviewoftheorganizationsobjectivesandareawareofthepoliciesandproceduresnecessaryforsuccess.Ibelievethateveryorganizationshouldhaveasetinfrastructureoroutlinethatisthebasisforeachfunctionwithintheorganization.Theleadershipshouldcommunicateanychangesinthatinfrastructureasquicklyandaccuratelyashumanlypossible.Forexample,IhavenoticedinsomeorganizationthatIhavebeenemployedby,thatwhenthemanagementiswillingtoallowtheleadershiptoperformtheirfunctionwithintheorganizationtheshipoftenrunsmoresmoothly.ThelastorganizationthatIworkedfor,whichwasJacksonHewitt,hasagoodplanforthefutureoftheorganizationandtheyliketoincludeeachoftheiremployeesinthatplan.Theorganizationoffersbonusincentivesforhardworkandloyalty,isnotafraidtoimplementpunishmentforlaziness,andoutrightmisguidedattemptstodefametheorganization.Oftendisagreementscanbesolvedwithsimplecommunicationallowingeachinvolvedpartythechancetoexplaintheirpositiononanymatterthatmayarise.Inconclusion,managersandLeadersaretwodifferentindividuals.Themaindifferencebetweenmanagingandleadingistomakeothersnotonlypursuetheordersthataregivenbyanorganization,butalsowantthemtodoit.Greatorganizationsneedgreatmanagement,butforanorganizationtotrulybegreat,italsomusthavegreatleadership.ManagersareallbusinessandnoplaywhileLeadershaveasenseofhumorandrelatetotheiremployeesonaprofessionallevelwhilebeinglikableatthesametime.更多精彩文章尽在秀文网（）4ManagersareseenasstemanddistantbymanysubordinatewhileLeadersareoftenmucheasiertorelatetoanddiscusspotentialproblems,orgreatideas,aswellasdiscontentwithoutthethreatofpersecution.Therearemanystylesofleadership,fromthelaid-backleadertothetightship-runningcaptain.Eachindividualpersonsstylecontributestohisorherabilitytorelaytheorganizationsobjectivesandkeepemployeesontaskandmoralehighineffectincreasingthecompanysbottomlineandbecomingarewardingexperienceforupperlevelmanagementaswellaslowerlevelleadershipandallothersubordinates.Managementmayseemunreachableattimes.Untilyoustopandthinkabouttheirpositionwithintheorganizationandwhatmighthappeniftheywerenotupthereintheirair-conditionedoffices,making