infinitives不定式.ppt

动词不定式,定义,构成,用法,动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。,动词不定式 的构成： to+动词原形,动词不定式 的用法,动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,功能：,作定语,作宾语,作主语,作状语,作表语,作宾语补足语,动词不定式作宾语,后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。如： We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。,注意,动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）,1有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： remember to do 记住要做某事；remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事 I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。,动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）,2不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。,动词不定式作宾语补足语,1后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。 The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。 I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。,动词不定式作宾语补足语,2使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。 Lets have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。 I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。 感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。 I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事） I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）,注 意:当感官动词和使役动词用于被动语 态，其后的不定式要补上“to”。P133,动词不定式作宾语补足语,注意： 根据情况的表达， 可以在不定式前加上where, how, when, what 等疑问副词。 eg. Could you tell me how to repair the maching? No one told me where to find him.,动词不定式的否定形式,动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如： Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。,不定式做主语补足语,eg. I was asked to help him with his lessons. 主语补足语实际上就是句子主动语态时句子中的宾语补足语，当原句中的宾语提前做主语，句子转化成被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语就成了转化后的句子中的主语补足语。,P131 1.不定式的一般式：表示与主动词处于同一时间层面或动作发 生于主动词之后。 eg. He seems to know French. （ 同时） I expect to hear from you soon.（ 之后） 2. 不定式的进行式：表示与主动词处于同一层面并且动作正在进行。 eg. The boy pretended to be listening attentively when the teacher looked at him. 3. 不定式的完成式：表示发生在主动词之前 eg. He seems to have read the novel. He happened to have gone out when I went to see him. 4. 不定式的被动式：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系 e.g. The meeting to be held tomorrow is about human nature.,省“to”的情况,A. 在do nothing/ anything/ everything but/ except 等后，不带不定式符号“to”. eg. He said he would do anything except cook. He did nothing but look on.,注意：只有except, but 而没有do nothing / anything / everything 时，要带不定式符号“to”. eg. It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. They didnt open their mouths except to complain. He does nothing but play all day. At the news she didnt say anything but to cry.,B. 在 would rather, had better, rather than ,