2017-2018必修1英语和高考满分作文：喷泉与水（44）

2017-2018必修1英语和高考满分作文：喷泉与水（44）Section_ Warmup_&_Lesson_1_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1calm adj.镇静的，沉着的；平静的，无风的2character n. 人物；性格3spaceship n. 太空船4province n. 省5astronaut n. 宇航员6gravity n. 地心引力7rocket n. 火箭8atmosphere n. 大气；气氛9million num. 百万10wave vi. 挥手示意，致意.拓展词汇1generous adj.慷慨的，大方的generosity n慷慨，大方2violent adj.猛烈的，暴力的violence n暴力3peacefully adv.和平地，平静地peaceful adj.和平的，平静的peace n和平，平静4flight n飞行；航班fly v飞行5explore vt.探测；勘探exploration n勘探；探险explorer n探险家6reporter n记者，通讯员report n& v报道1.character n性格同义personality n性格，个性2province n省联想各级行政单位大全street街道town城镇county县country国家 state州3atmosphere n大气；气氛词块academic atmosphere 学术氛围festival atmosphere 节日氛围4million num.百万联想数量单位小结hundred百 thousand千 billion十亿dozen十二个 score二十个5generous adj.慷慨的，大方的反义mean adj.吝啬的联想性格形容词荟萃gentle温和的easygoing随和的outgoing外向的 frank直率的lively活泼的 warmhearted热心肠的6reporter n记者同义journalist n记者二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.hear of 听说2be related to 与有关3lift off (飞机或太空飞行器 )起飞，升空，发射4choose from 从中挑选；从中选择5separate from 与分离6because of 因为；由于7let out 发出；放出8millions of 数百万9make up 编造；组成；化妆10in space 在太空中11be famous for 因而出名12be ready to_do sth. 愿意做某事；准备做某事13wave to/at sb. 向某人招手1.manned spaceship载人宇宙飞船2in the army 在部队3soar into the sky 急速升入空中4circle the earth 环球飞行5ground control 地面控制中心6express the wishes of the Chinese people 表达了中国人民的意愿7all over China 全中国8climb out of the spaceship 爬出宇宙飞船9wave to the crowds 向人群挥手致意10do research and collect information 做调研和收集信息11call an ambulance 打电话叫救护车12run out of the house 跑出房子13ask as many questions as possible问尽可能多的一些问题三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.The spaceship, called Shenzhou ， was carrying Chinas first astronaut, Yang Liwei.这艘名为“神舟五号”的宇宙飞船载着中国第一位宇航员杨利伟飞向太空。called Shenzhou 为过去分词短语作定语。The bridge built_in_2015 was designed by a local company.2015年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。2.Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.杨利伟在飞船上展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗，表达了中国人民和平开发、利用太空资源的意愿。expressing the wishes .为现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状况。Many graduates are busy traveling，hoping_to_find_a_satisfactory_job.许多毕业生们忙着四处奔波，希望能够找到一份令人满意的工作。3.Millions of people all over China were watching TV when the spaceship landed safely.飞船安全着陆时，全中国数百万人在观看电视直播。“be doing . when正在做这时”，when相当于at this/that time。Last Monday, I was_walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。4.Pat was in the bathroom with a hairdryer in her hand when she heard a crash.帕特正在浴室里手持吹风机，这时她听到了撞击声。with a hairdryer in her hand为with复合结构，在句中作状语，表示伴随状况。She came back with_a_letter_in_her_hand.她手里拿着一封信回来了。1(教材P21)calm adj.平静的；镇静的，沉着的vt.& vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定remain/stay/keep calm保持镇静calm (sb./oneself) down (使某人/自己)平静/安静下来It is very important to keep calm when an earthquake breaks out.当地震突然发生时，保持镇静很重要。It was difficult to calm_her/herself_down,_as she was too excited.要使她镇静下来是很困难的，因为她太激动了。The nurses tried their best to calm the anxious patient down.护士们竭力使那个焦虑的病人平静下来。辨析比较calm, quiet, silent, stillcalm平静的；沉着的。 指风平浪静或人的情绪平静、镇静quiet宁静的；寂静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼silent寂静的；沉默的。指不说话或没有声音still静止的；不动的。指人或物体静止不动选用上述单词填空Everything was so quiet except that the heavy rain struck the window. Then the mudslide happened, but the frightened people stood there still,_not knowing what to do. He remained calm in the face of the danger, and led all the people to a safe place. Later he kept silent over his heroic deeds.除了大雨敲打着窗户，一切那么安静。然后，发生了泥石流，但是受惊的人们站着不动，不知道做什么。在危险面前，他保持镇静并带领所有人到了一个安全的地方。后来，他对自己的英勇事迹保持沉默。2(教材P21)generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的；大量的be generous with sth.在方面大方，不吝啬be generous in doing sth. 慷慨地/乐于做某事be generous to sb. 对某人宽容/大方Its generous of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说很慷慨Id like to thank Mary, whos been very generous with her time.我想感谢玛丽，她非常慷慨的投入了大量的时间。Although he was poor, he was quite generous to his needy friends.他虽穷，但对贫苦的朋友很慷慨。It is generous of you to_lend (lend) your portable computer to me.你把便携式电脑借给我，你真是太大方了。名师点津generous常与of连用构成不定式的复合结构：It is generous of sb. to do sth.，可用于这一句型的表示人的品质的形容词还有：friendly, silly, clever, foolish, kind, wise等。3(教材P21)Scar is a cruel and dangerous character in Lion King.在狮子王中，刀疤是个残忍危险的角色。?character n. C人物，角色；汉字，字符；U，C性格；特性写出下列句中character的含义I find all the characters in his new play very real.人物Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for character building.性格That kind of characters looks like pictures.汉字The whole character of the school has changed.特性(1)in character符合的个性out of character 不符合的个性(2)characteristic n. 特征，特点，品质adj. 独特的，典型的Her behaviour last night was completely out_of_character.她昨晚的举止与她的个性截然不符。Are there any different characteristics between American English and British English?美式英语和英式英语有什么不同特征码？4(教材P22)When the spaceship separated from the rocket, I suddenly got a feeling of soaring into the sky because of the zero gravity.宇宙飞船与火箭分离时，由于地心引力的消失，我突然有一种急速升空的感觉。?separate from与分离Taiwan, separated from the mainland by the Taiwan Strait, is not a separate country but part of China.台湾被台湾海峡与大陆分隔开，它并不是独立的国家而是中国的一部分。The fence separates the garden from the sidewalk.栅栏隔开了花园和人行道。辨析比较divide (.) into, separate (.) fromdivide (.) into表示“分割开”，常指把某个整体划分为若干部分separate (.) from表示“分隔开”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来选用上述短语填空As is known to all, the UK is divided_into four parts, and England is separated_from France by the English Channel.所周知，联合王国被分为四部分，英格兰被英吉利海峡同法国隔开。5(教材P23)When Shenzhou let out its parachute, I felt the ship was shaking.神舟五号释放降落伞时，我感到飞船在颤动。?let out 放出；发出(叫喊等)；泄露；放宽，放大(衣服等)let alone更不用说；更谈不上let sb./sth.alone 对某人/某事放任不管let sb. down 使某人失望let in 允许进入；容许；许可On seeing the wonderful sculpture, everyone present let out a cry of surprise.一看到那精美的雕塑，在场的每个人都发出了惊叹声。I can tell you the truth, but you must promise not to let out the secret.我可以告诉你事实真相，但是你得保证不要把这个秘密泄露出去。The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.入口处的玻璃门已取代了木门，在白天好让自然光照进来。We dont know their names; let alone make a phone call to them.我们连他们的名字都不知道，更别提打电话给他们了。Dont let me down！Im depending on you to support me.不要让我失望，我还指望你支持我呢。6(教材P23) Millions of people all over China were watching TV when the spaceship landed safely.飞船安全着陆时，全中国数百万人在观看电视直播。?millions of 数百万(1)当hundred, thousand, million以及 dozen, score等以复数形式存在时，表示泛指的数量，其后要加of，但前面不能用表示具体数量的词修饰。Millions of people in the world are sending information by email every day.每天，世界上有数百万人通过电子邮件发送信息。In the early 1920s, thousands_of people went to Australia to seek their fortune.20世纪20年代初期，成千上万的人到澳大利亚寻找发财机会。(2)当hundred, thousand, million 以及dozen, score等以单数形式存在时，其前常用表示具体数量的词或several, some, many, a few等修饰。The three hundred workers on strike were surprised to see that thousands of people were on the street to support them.举行罢工的三百工人惊奇地发现大街上有数千人支持他们。It is reported that several_million people are starving in the world because of the shortage of food.据报道，世界上有几百万人因为食品缺乏而挨饿。I bought a few dozen eggs today.我今天买了好几十个鸡蛋。7(教材P23) Make up an interview and ask as many questions as possible.虚构一次采访，问尽量多的问题。?make up弥补，补偿；虚构，编造；化妆，打扮；组成，构成；和解，和好写出下列句中make up的含义My aunt spent two hours making herself up before attending the ball.化妆，打扮They quarreled the other day but they made up soon.和解，和好Dont make up any excuse for your being late again.编造，虚构Peasants make up over 80 percent of the population in that developing country.组成，构成How can we make up for what you have lost？弥补，补偿make out辨认出；看出；(勉强)听出make it 取得成功；准时到达；做到了make up for 补偿；弥补；补救be made up of 由组成make up ones mind 下定决心Caroline doesnt have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with hard work.(2014大纲卷)卡罗琳没有音乐天赋，但她用努力学习弥补了她的不足。The medical team made up of two doctors and five nurses has arrived.由两位大夫和五位护士组成的医疗队已经到达。1The spaceship, called Shenzhou ，was carrying Chinas first astronaut, Yang Liwei.这艘名为“神舟五号”的宇宙飞船载着中国第一位宇航员杨利伟飞向太空。句中called Shenzhou 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰spaceship, 相当于定语从句which was called Shenzhou ，call与the spaceship之间是动宾关系。They finally accepted the proposal put forward (which/that was put forward) at the meeting.他们最终接受了会上提出的建议。过去分词作定语的用法：(1)位置：单个过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。(2)时态/语态特点：及物动词的过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。(3)扩展性：过去分词短语作后置定语时常可扩展成定语从句。Most of the Artists invited (who were invited) to the party were from South America.被邀请参加聚会的大部分艺术家来自南美。When he looked up, he saw a risen moon (a moon that/which had risen) hanging in the sky.当他抬头向上看时，他看见一轮升起的明月挂在天空中。He didnt turn up at the meeting held (which/that was held) yesterday afternoon.他没有出现在昨天下午举行的会议上。2When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle，Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.宇宙飞船飞到第七圈时，杨利伟在飞船上展示了中国国旗和联合国国旗，表达了中国人民和平开发、利用太空资源的意愿。句中expressing the wishes of the Chinese people .是现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语。现在分词作状语时，可以表示伴随、原因、结果、时间、条件、让步等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句(表结果或伴随时)。My granny sat in the armchair, reading the newspaper.My granny sat in the armchair and read the newspaper.我奶奶坐在扶手椅上读报纸。(表伴随情况)Not knowing her address, I cant write to her.As/Because I dont know her address, I cant write to her.由于不知道她的地址，所以我没给她写信。(表原因)Seeing_the_old_photos,_I remembered my childhood.When I saw the old photos, I remembered my childhood.看到这些老照片时，我想起了我的童年。(表时间)Working hard, youll pass the examination.If you work hard, youll pass the examination.如果努力学习，你就会通过考试。(表条件)Her husband died, leaving (leave) her three children to look after.Her husband died and left her three children to look after.她丈夫去世了，给她留下三个需要照顾的孩子。(表结果)Having failed many times, he didnt lose heart.Although he had failed many times，he didnt lose heart.尽管失败多次，但他仍不气馁。(表让步)3Pat was in the bathroom with a hairdryer in her hand when she heard a crash.帕特正在浴室里手持吹风机，这时她听到了撞击声。?with a hairdryer in her hand为with复合结构，其构成为：with宾语宾补。此结构在句中可作定语，也可作状语，表示伴随、方式、条件、原因等。?with复合结构的具体构成形式：with名词/代词宾补介词短语形容词/副词/名词现在分词(表示主动和动作正在进行)过去分词(表示被动或动作已完成)不定式(表示动作将要发生)The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。In summer, she usually sleeps with_the_windows_open.夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。Alice was lying on the bed with her shoes on.艾丽斯穿着鞋子躺在床上。He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼望天空。With my homework finished (finish), I gladly accepted her invitation.作业完成了，我欣然接受了她的邀请。With a great many articles to_write (write), he wont have time to go shopping this morning.他有那么多文章要写，今天早上将没有时间去买东西了。.单句语法填空1She came into the house, carrying (carry) a lot of books.2The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them.3The workers injured (injure) in the accident are now being taken good care of in the hospital.4I have a lot of work to make up since I have been ill for quite a few days.5On seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a scream of joy.6They are such good friends that they can hardly separate from each other.7Its very generous of you to_offer (offer) to pay for us both.8My grandmother sat down and took a few deep breaths to calm down.完成句子1He called your names, and this_is_out_of_character (这不符合他的个性)2She lit a cigarette to calm_herself/her_down (使自己平静下来)3It_was_generous_of_him_to_lend_me_the_money (他借给我钱真是太大方了) when I was in trouble.4With_a_lot_of_work_to_do (由于有很多工作要做), I have no time to go out with you.5The Great Wall is such a wellknown tourist attraction that millions_of_people (数百万人) pour in every year.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1As to his character (性格), he is usually easygoing, but sometimes very serious.2Our class is made up of 50 lively boys and girls, who are warm and generous (大方的) and ready to offer help.3His dream of becoming an astronaut (宇航员) has come true.4They are now holding talks in a friendly atmosphere (气氛) in the meeting room.5We wont leave the earth easily because of the gravity (地心引力) of the earth.6How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring (探索)outer space!7Flight (航班) 284 was delayed because of the bad weather.8Teenagers are not allowed to watch violent (暴力的)movies.9My mother waved (挥手) to me to say goodbye at the station, which made me burst into tears.10Although she wore a pair of sunglasses, she was recognized by the media reporters (记者).单句改错1With the population increased rapidly, there is a great need to find new resources. increasedincreasing2He has played football regularly for many years when he was young.去掉has3My cousin came to see me from the countryside, brought me a full basket of fresh fruits.broughtbringing_4After years of fighting the people longed for peace. They all want to live peaceful and happily. peacefulpeacefully5As far as Im concerned, the meeting held now is very important.held前加being6The bridge was built two years ago is the second longest in Shanghai. 去掉was或was前加which(that)7They have reached an agreement that we will never use violent whatever happens.violentviolence8The local government brought in five millions dollars last year to develop the lionsmillion.选词填空make up for， let out， lift off， calm down， hear of， because of， millions of， be famous for1When she saw him, she let_out a cry of horror.2The doctor tried his best to make the mad girl calm_down.3I am trying to make_up_for the time I lost while I was sick.4He couldnt take part in the final exam because_of his serious illness.5When I turned on TV, I happened to see the rocket lifting_off.6I often hear_of him, but Ive never seen him.7The woman writer is_famous_for her romantic love stories.8Millions_of books have been written about young people in the United States.课文语法填空Chinas first manned spaceship lifted off in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. The spaceship, called_ (call) Shenzhou ， carried Chinas first astronaut, Yang Liwei who started training for his space flight (fly) in 1998.Yang said when the spaceship separated from the rocket he got a feeling of soaring into the sky because of the zero gravity. When the spaceship was doing its seventh (seven) circle, Yang showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing (express) the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully (peace)As Yang returned into the earths atmosphere, helicopters were flying to where he would land, ready to collect him. When Yang climbed out of the spaceship, he smiled and waved to the crowds. He said he thought (think) 21 hours was too short to stay in space.串点成篇微表达昨天，我们参加了一个由宇航员(astronaut)作的关于太空船飞行(flight)的讲座。他说载人飞船的发射表明我们会和平地(peacefully)开发(explore)太空。飞船在太空中顺利完成了任务。当回归地球时，飞船穿越大气层(atmosphere)，放开降落伞，后来安全着陆。数百万(millions of)等待的群众和记者发出欢呼，并向镇定的(calm)宇航员挥手(wave)。Yesterday_we_attended_a_lecture_on_the_flight_of_spaceship_by_an_astronaut._He_said_the_launch_of_manned_spaceship_showed_that_we_would_peacefully_explore_the_space._All_the_tasks_were_finished_successfully._When_returning_to_the_earth,_the_spaceship_passed_through_the_atmosphere,_let_out_its_parachute_and_afterwards_landed_safely._Millions_of_people_and_reporters_waiting_for_it_cheered_and_waved_to_the_calm_astronaut.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空I returned to work after our first child was born. After I returned to work, my husband and I _1_ a chore chart. We shared the tasks evenly: my husband did the cooking and grocery shopping, and even though I _2_ cleaning and laundry, those tasks fell to me. Our division of labour was a(n) _3_ arrangement that stayed in place until the day I _4_ my job to become a stayathome mom after our second child was born.Last week, I found myself _5_ cleaning the house at 2：00 pm in my pyjamas (睡衣). I was angry at my _6_ for leaving their sticky and empty bowls on the table. I was angry at my husband for leaving his _7_ beside the laundry basket. I was even angry at the dog for running all over the house. But most of all, I was angry at myself _8_ I hadnt seen any of this coming in order.That night, when my husband came home, the house was clean and _9_ was on the table. But I was _10_ angry. My husband and I dont fight often, but we fought at table that night. I _11_ and complained that it wasnt _12_.“How long have you felt like this？” he asked me, visibly _13_.“It feels like years! Couldnt you _14_？” I replied.“You know, you could have just told me about your _15_，” he said. “But its not likely that I can _16_ the office in the middle of the day to do laundry.” And he was _17_.Is it fair that I do 90 percent of the cooking and cleaning? It may not seem that way in a modern society that _18_ equality between the sexes in all aspects of life. But with the kids in school fulltime and only parttime work to keep me busy, the bulk of the household chores fall on me. I may hate being a _19_， but I do love being home for my kids when they _20_ me.语篇解读：作者是一位家庭主妇，虽然家务繁重，但她喜欢那种在家里被孩子需要的感觉。1A.compared