《专题定语从句》PPT课件.ppt

专题（二）：定语从句 Attributive Clause,Revision,上节课考练习题,Check the work of preview,【考点热身】Translation : 1. 这就是那位帮助我的人。 This is the man who helped me. 2. 你昨天见到的史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。 Mrs. Smith whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 3. 你认识一个叫王雨的人吗？ Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu? 4. 我收到的那份礼物是我哥送的。 The present that / which I received was from my brother. 5. 他在我出去的那个星期来我家了。 He came to my home during the week when I was out. 6. 请给我解释一下你不辞而别的理由好吗？ Could you please give me a reason why you left without a word?,Leading-in,【考点呈现】 1、重点难点解析 定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在基础写作和任务型写作中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。解题技巧是能正确地判断先行词在从句中的成分。 常见考点： 1).关系代词that 和which的区别 2).非限制性与限制性定语从句（as与which 的区别） 3).判断关系代词与关系副词以及where的特殊用法 4).介词+关系代词(whichwhomwhose) 5).隔离式的定语从句 6).关系代词whose的用法 7).关系代词+不定式的用法 8).定语从句的干扰,2、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语的作用.被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。如： The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 3、关系代词和关系副词的用法： 关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句、代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法见下表：,Presentation,【考点剖析】 考点一、关系代词that 和which的区别 【典题】 1.The thought of going back home was_ kept him happy while he was working abroad. A. that B. all that C. all what D. which 【解答】all是不定代词，在句中作先行词，that 是关系代词，且在句中作主语，不能省略。若选择A，引导表语从句，但that 不能充当成分。all that =what , what 不能引导定语从句。 【总结】如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。,B,2.Nowadays, when people talk about magicians, the first one _comes into their mind is Liu Qian. A. whom B. which C. that D. what 【解答】 根据语境可知，空缺处应填一个关系代词且改关系代词在定语从句中充当主语且指人，先行词前有the first修饰，所以选that. 【总结】如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, the only, few, mush, no, some, the very, the just等词修饰，关系代词常用that, 不用which, who，或whom。 3. We were talking about the persons and things _ we remembered in our school. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 【解答】考查定语从句。先行词是the persons and things,同时是人和物，用that 代替。 注意：当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时，用关系代词that 。,C,A,【巩固】 4.（10全国）I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 5. （10全国）As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. Where C. What D. that 6.（06浙江）I was given three books on cooking, the first_ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which,B,A,B,考点二、非限制性与限制性定语从句 【典题】 7.（10四川）After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where 8. （08全国） The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that 【解答】这两题考查非限制性定语从句，which代替这个句子，相当于and this或and that 。 9.（07浙江）Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B. which C. who D. where 【解答】which 代替Chans restaurant, 引导非限制性定语从句,B,C,B,10.（07安徽）Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 【解答】only two people 可判断是两者，whom 引导非限制性定语从句，故选择D。 【总结】限制性定语从句 ，从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确；从句和主句之间不用逗号分开 ；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去；从句只修饰一个名词或代词 ，翻译时定语从句译在被修饰词的前面 。非限制性定语从句，从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整；从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开；关系词不可用that ,其他都可以；关系代词作宾语时一般不可省；可以修饰一个词也可修饰整个主句定语从句，通常被译成另一个独立的句子。,D,11.（05浙江）_I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B. After C. As D. Since 【解答】as引导非限制性定语从句，译成“正如,正像”，代替整个句子，可置于句首或句末。 12. Look at the watch. Dont you see it is _ watch _ Helen lost the other day? A. as the same; as B. the same; as C. the same; which D. as the same ; that 【总结】当先行词受suchso, the same修饰时，常用as引导限制性定语从句，注意suchsothat 引导结果状语从句； the sameas与the samethat表达不一样。 比较： She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。,C,B,【巩固】 13.（09山东）Whenever I met her, _was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 14.（04江苏）_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. AS 15.（10江苏）The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 16.（10浙江）The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. them D. those,B,D,D,A,考点三、判断关系代词与关系副词（抽象地点名词） 【典题】 17.（10福建）Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 【解答】where=介词+ which， 引导定语从句，先行词是planet，是地点， life has developed gradually on the planet, 在从句中作状语。 18.（09上海）Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. A. where B. when C. there D. which 【解答】 he composed “The Magic Flute” in the house, 可见是缺少地点状语。 19. （09四川）Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【解答】her stay there可以当作一个“时间”，故选择when=介词+ which ,在句中作时间状语。,B,A,D,【总结】关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句，相当于介词+which (其中why=for+ which),先行词分别是表示“时间，地点和原因的”词，在句中作状语。 20.（08江苏）The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where 【解答】本题会误选D， “The Science Museum”，在句中作visited 的宾语，不是状语。 21.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 【解答】变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 在此句中，visited后缺宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用（that 引导表语从句，只是起到连接作用，不充当成分），只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。,A,D,【总结】准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、定、状)，才能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。最好的办法是把先行词代入从句中。 22. (09浙江)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why 23. (09重庆)Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves A. why B. what C. that D. where 24. (09北京)What do you think of teaching, Bob? I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that 【解答】此三题目的先行词分别是：point, life和job，表示抽象的地点名词，在句中作状语，相当于in which。,B,D,A,【总结】类似的抽象地点名词还有situation, stage, case，degree, state, condition, point, activity, life, occasion, business, marks，sites, family，sport等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句,但是要在句中作状语，如果作主语或宾语，需用whichthat。 【巩固】 25.（10天津）Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 26.（05江苏）The place _the bridge is supposed to built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. where; which C. where; where D. which; in which 27.（06江西）-Do you have anything to say for yourselves? -Yes, theres one point _we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. ,C,C,D,28. （08年上海） We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which,C,考点四、介词+关系代词(whichwhomwhose) 【典题】 29.（10上海） Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 30. （09陕西）Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time . A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 31. （08上海春招） Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,_ there wont be much work. A. where B. that C. by which D. without which 32. （08四川） For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which,C,C,D,C,【总结】介词的选择：（1）由先行词决定（2）由从句中的谓语动词搭配，把先行词代入从句中进行判断。 33.Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops. A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are 34. The murder happened in an old building, beside _the city police station. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 【总结】介词+关系代词，在从句中作地点状语，提前，常引起倒装。如第一句，原句应为“ some fruit shops are around the modern hospital. 【巩固】 35.（07山东）The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes. A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when,C,C,D,36.（07江苏）He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that,A,考点五、隔离式的定语从句 【典题】 37.（10江西）The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister she would stay for an hour. A. where B. who C. which D. what 【解答】此句的先行词是center, 被with her sister隔开，在从句中作状语。原题是：She would stay at the center for an hour. 38. (09江苏)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 【解答】此句的先行词是days, 被are gone隔开，在从句中作状语。原题是：local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night on the days.,A,B,39. The film brought the hours back to me_ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 【解答】此句的先行词是hours, 被back to me隔开，在从句中作状语。 【总结】隔离式的定语从句，需要找准“先行词”，然后判断先行词在从句中充当什么成分，再确定关系词。 【巩固】 40.（07重庆）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree_ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which 41. Is there a shop around_ I can get some fruit? A. which B. where C. it D. what,C,B,B,考点六、关系代词whose的用法 【典题】 42.（10北京）Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 43.（10山东）Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 44.（10陕西）The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 【总结】此三题考查关系代词whose的用法，在句中作定语，后接名词，whose+ n.=the +n. of which whom或 of which whom the +n., 特别要注意n.在句中的成分，究竟是whose 所修饰的名词，还是在句中作主语， 另外，whose+ n.前也可以根据情况接介词。,B,C,D,【巩固】 45.（10重庆） In China, the number of cities is increasing_ development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that 46.（09天津）A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever,C,C,考点七、关系代词+不定式的用法 【典题】 47.（05湖南）Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands. A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 【总结】考查“介词+which +不定式”引导定语,前提是主语一致。相当于 in which he can produce the workings of his hands.注意区别“疑问词+不定式”。如：I dont know who to turn to . 【巩固】 48.（05北京）-Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 【解答】此题会误选A。There is +n.+to do ,不定式作后置定语，没必要加上who。she can turn to 前省略关系代词，引导定语从句。,B,B,考点八、定语从句的干扰 1、插入语的干扰 【典题】 49.（2010日照）As to the unemployment, the government has taken a series of measures in many areas, _, I am sure, will benefit the people out of work. A. which B. that C. what D. where 【解答】which引导的从句修饰前面整个句子， I am sure为插入语，起到干扰作用。 【巩固】 50.（05福建）-Is that the small town you often refer to? -Right, just the one_ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what,A,C,2、定语从句干扰主句的谓语动词 【典题】 51.The letter we were looking forward to _ yesterday. A. coming B. came C. come D. has come 【解答】此处会误选A，认为to 是介词，其实we were looking forward to 在句中作定语从句，起到干扰作用。主句是The letter came yesterday。如： Was the car he had _(repair)? 3、定语从句干扰主句的非谓语动词 【典题】 52.（07上海）There is nothing more I can try_ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 【解答】不定式在此处作目的状语。I can try是定语从句，先行词是nothing more, 原句应为：I can try nothing more to persuade you。,B,D,4、定语从句干扰主谓一致 【典题】 53.（10全国）Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only of the women who _ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn 【解答】此处的先行词是the onlyvery ，而不是women, 故定语从句中的谓语动词形式是单数。 又如：One of the boys who are my friends is very good at English. 此处的先行词是boys, one of the boys 作主句的主语，表示单数形式。 5、定语从句干扰同位语从句 【典题】 54.The suggestion _you should do it at once is not the one _ I gave you. A. what , which B. which, what C. that, that D. which, that 【解答】第一个that 引导同位语从句，对suggestion 进行解释说明，第一个that 引导定语从句，在句中作宾语。,B,C,6、定语从句干扰表语从句 【典题】 (1)Is this school _your father worked in ten years ago? (2)Is this school _your father worked ten years ago? (3)Is this the school _your father worked ten years ago? (4)Is this the school _your father worked in ten years ago? A. where B. what C. that D. the one 【解答】解答这种句型，首先要先变为肯定句，然后判断是否有先行词。如第二句：This school is _ your father worked ten years ago? 很明显，只能用where 引导表语从句。 【巩固】 55.（07浙江）Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. that D. which,D,A,A,C,A,7、定语从句干扰主语从句 【典题】 56.（08山东）_ was most important to her, she told me , was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As 【解答】she told me 是插入语，选择what 引导主语从句，不能误选D。 57.（08福建）_ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which 【解答】what 引导主语从句。 (1)As is known to all , Taiwan is part of China.(定语从句) (2)It is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.(主语从句) (3)What is known to all is that Taiwan is part of China .(主语从句),C,B,8、定语从句干扰状语从句 【典题】 58.（10 福州检测）Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest _ everyone likes to visit. A. that B. as C. which D. what 【解答】 everyone likes to visit是定语从句，修饰先行词place， 此处用suchas引导定语从句，suchthat 引导结果状语从句，译成“如此以致”。 比较: the sameas表示相似的东西 the samethat 表示同一个物或人, 此处asthat 是关系代词，作主语或宾语，不能作状语。 9、定语从句对宾补结构的干扰与隔离作用 【典题】 59.I noticed some of the books _ on the table _ out of the room. A. which are; to take B. that are; taken C. which were; taking D. that are; took,B,B,【解答】 that are on the table 是定语从句，考查notice sth done , 所以非谓语动词是被动关系。 10、定语从句对并列句的干扰作用 【典题】 60.They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that 61.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _parents were seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 【解答】此两句均是并列句，故不能用关系代词，需用代词代替前面的词构成完整的句子，并列句常与定语从句混淆。 如：I have two novels, and both of them are interesting. I have two novels , both of which are interesting.,B,A,11、定语从句干扰强调句 【典题】 62.-Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where 【解答】此处误选A， 以为是强调句，但是意思不符合上一句。翻译为：你在哪认识她？就在我们工作的农场。又如： -When did his mother die? -It was the day when he was born. 12、定语从句对一些固定句式的干扰与隔离 【典题】 63.You cant imagine the hard time she had_ the children. A. bringing up B. to bring up C. growing D. on raising 【解答】原句是：she had the hard time bringing up,D,A,The washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again. You cant imagine the difficulty I had finding your lost time. The person you had help me proved to be capable. I lay in the sofa, enjoying the beautiful music Jack had coming out of his DVD. 13、定语从句与独立主格结构的相互干扰 【典题】 64.Not far from the club, there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon. A. whose B. its C. which D. that 【解答】本题会误选A。如选择A， 则后面是个定语从句，从句的谓语是完整的，但seated 是个非谓语动词，所以本题考查独立主格结构，考查“主语+非谓语动词”，故选择B。又如： With everything she needed bought, she left the shop happily.,B,【巩固】 65.He had a lot of friends, only a few of _invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who 66.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _parents sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. them D. that,B,A,14、定语从句与waytime的干扰 【典题】 67.Our chemistry teacher announced that he would do the experiment in a different way_ we might find interesting. A. which B. in which C. in that D. whom 【解答】本题way在从句中作find的宾语，故选which, 也可以用that 或不填 【观察思考】 （1）What surprised me was not what he said but the way （in whichthat不填）he said it. （2）The way (that which 不填）he explained to us was quite simple. （3）The way (thatin which不填)he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 【总结】way若作在句中作宾语，则用thatwhich不填；若作方式状语，则用that in which不填；作主语，则用that which。,A,【巩固】 68.The lazy boy is expecting a way _ he can get through the exams without hard work. A. that B. in that C. which D. where time: This is the second time(次数)( that )the President has visited the country. I could hardly remember how many times (that) Ive failed. This was a time(时间) whenduring which there was no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.,A,一、【课堂巩固】用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空： 1. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten. 2. Do you remember those days _we spent along the seashore very happily? 3. Those _ want to go please sign their names here. 4. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there? 5. The man _ _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour. 6. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police. 7. This is the very letter _came last night. 8. It is the first time _ I have come to your city.,考点提升,that,which,who,with whom,that,that,that,that,9. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. 10. I live in the house _ windows face south. 11. They stayed with me three weeks, _ _they drank all the wine I had. 12. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. 13. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War . 14. I have bought two pens, both of _ write well. 15. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind? 16. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard enough. 17. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country wit