高中英语Unit1Greatscientists课时作业新人教版必修5.docx

Unit 1Great scientists【导语】霍乱是霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholera)引起的急性肠道传染病，具有发病急、传播快、波及面广的特点，是当今三种国际检疫传染病中的一种。CholeraCholera is a waterborne disease that is spread through polluted water and food.It is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera.It produces an enterotoxin(肠毒素)that causes painless，watery diarrhea(腹泻) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration(脱水)and death if treatment is not given.Most people infected with cholera do not become ill，although the bacterium is present in their wastes for 714 days.When cholera does happen，more than 90% of cases are not severe and are difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.Less than 10% of ill people develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without proper treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore，the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salt lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.People who develop severe diarrhea in countries where cholera breaks out should seek medical attention at once.In a word，to avoid cholera，we should develop a good habit.We should eat wellcooked food instead of raw food.【词海拾贝】1bacteriumn细菌2coastal adj.临海的；沿海的3fluid n液体adj.液体的4mixture n混合；混杂5seek vt.寻找，探寻；追求【问题思考】True(T) or False(F)：1Drinking much water with sugar and salt is useless in the treatment of cholera.(F)2In order to avoid cholera，wed better eat cooked shellfish.(T).为单词选择正确的释义1suspectA向挑战2challenge B宣布；通告3conclude C责备；谴责4blame D认为；怀疑5announce E结束；推断出6expose F暴露；揭露；使曝光7contribute G小心的；谨慎的8cautious H捐献；贡献答案：1.D2.A3.E4.C5.B6.F7.H8.G.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_n特征；特性2_vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 (n.)失败3_n治愈；痊愈 (vt.)治愈；治疗4_vt.吸收；吸引；使专心5_vt.预见；预知答案：1.characteristic2.defeat3.cure4.absorb5foresee.根据英语释义写出单词1_：to be present at an event2_： to have an idea that something is bad but without having definite proof3_： to make a connection between two or more things or people4_： to make something dirty5_： the part of sth used to open it；to deal with；to operate or control答案：1.attend2.suspect3.link4.pollute5.handle.选用短语的适当形式填空put forward；link.to.；expose.to；suspect.of；apart from；lead to；draw a conclusion；be to blame；be absorbed in；make sense；be strict with1We had no desire to _ our plan.答案：put forward2We must _ this shameful activity _ the newspaper.答案：exposeto3The students sat in the classroom and _ reading English.答案：were absorbed in4We consider that you _ for the accident.答案：are to blame5They _ from the fact at last.答案：drew a conclusion6People often _ lung cancer _ smoking.答案：linkto7“Youve often made the same mistakes.I will _ you from now on，”the teacher said to Tom.答案：be strict with8_ the cost，the dress doesnt suit me.答案：Apart from9What he has said doesnt _I cant understand it.答案：make sense10The use of information technology could _ major progress for developing nations.答案：lead to.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语1John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician._答案：约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。2Neither its cause nor its cure was understood._答案：人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。3So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak._答案：每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。4A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered to her house every day._答案：有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1John Snow knew that cholera was not able to be controlled until its cause was found.(T)2The first theory suggested that people took cholera into their bodies with their meals.(F)3John Snow was once frightened to face the challenge and solve the problem of cholera.(F)4The people who had been given free been and not drunk the water from the pump were not attacked by the disease.(T).根据课文内容回答问题1Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?_答案：Because neither its cause nor its cure was found.2When the cause was found，what did the people do?_答案：They removed the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.3Whats the extra evidence?_答案：In another part of London，two other deaths were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.根据对文章的理解，将下面表格补充完整(每空一词)JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”About choleraIt was a 1._ disease of its day. People didnt know its cause or its 2._. Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak.Two theoriesCholera spread in a cloud of dangerous gas. Cholera was 3._ into peoples bodies with their meals.The course of finding evidenceAs the disease spread quickly through poor 4._ of London，John Snow began to gather information. He found the outbreak was very 5._ in two particular streets. After further investigations he discovered it seemed that the water was to 6._.When people didnt use the 7._ water，the disease slowed down，which showed that cholera was really spread by germs.8._ to prevent cholera from happeningJohn Snow suggested that the 9._ of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were 10._ not to expose people to polluted water any more.答案：1.deadly2.cure3.absorbed4.neighbourhoods5severe/serious6.blame7.polluted8Measures/Steps9.source10.instructed课文深层理解.根据课文内容匹配段落及其大意1Para 1AOffering solutions2Para 2 BWhat caused cholera3Para 3 CProvide two control theories4Para 4 DCollect information5Para 5 ECollect results6Para 6 FAnalyze the result7Para 7 GFind supporting evidence答案：1.B2.C3.D4.E5.F6.G7.A.仔细阅读课文，选择最佳选项1The passage mainly tells us that _Athe cause of cholera was polluted waterBJohn Snow was a well-known doctor in LondonCthe source of all drinking water should be examinedDJohn Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”答案：D2What was the key to help for John Snows discovery?AThe government.BThe woman who had moved away from Broad Street.CThe water company.DThe map made by himself.答案：D3As last，“King Cholera” was controlled by _Ausing medicines in hospitalBdriving patients out of the countryCdealing with the polluted waterDgetting rid of all kinds of pollution答案：C4What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?ACholera multiplied in the water.BPolluted water carried the virus.CA cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.DCholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.答案：B.选用下列短语的适当形式填空be linked to；put forward；make sense of；make sense；look into；be exposed to1The plan _ by the old professor was well worth considering.2It is obvious that lung cancer _ heavy smoking.3This sentence just doesnt _，no matter how you read it.4It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things，expressed ideas，and _ the world.5The more one _ the Englishspeaking environment，the better he or she will learn the language.6I wrote a letter of complaint，and the manager has promised to _ the matter.答案：1.put forward2.is linked to3.make sense4made sense of5.is exposed to6.look into根据课文P7内容选择正确的选项1What made Copernicus frightened and confused?AThe fact that the earth was the centre of the solar system.BThe conclusion that the sun was the centre of the solar system.CThe fact that the earth runs around the sun.DThe fact that God made the world.2Why didnt Copernicus publish his theory immediately?ABecause he didnt think it complete.BBecause he was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church.CBecause his friends forbade him to do so.DBecause no one supported his ideas.3When did Copernicus publish his theory?AAfter his death.BBefore he told his friends about it.CAs he lay dying in 1543.DCopernicus theory was never published.4All the following make it strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system EXCEPT that _Asome planets in the sky seemed to stop or move backwardBsome planets in the sky appeared brighter at times and less bright at othersCsome planets in the sky seemed to go forward in a loopDthe sun goes around the earth5Whats the Christian Churchs attitude towards Copernicus theory?AThe Christian Church objected to Copernicus theory.BThe Christian Church was in favour of Copernicus theory.CThe Christian Church paid much attention to the theory.DThe Christian Church thought highly of Copernicus theory.答案：1.B2.B3.C4.D5.A1contribute vt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；有利于；导致；投稿归纳拓展contribute.to.把贡献给contribute to促进；有助于；发表意见contribution n捐献；贡献；捐助make a contribution to/towards doing sth对做贡献(1)Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.新鲜空气和锻炼有益于健康。(2)He made an outstanding contribution to science.他对科学做出了卓越的贡献。易混辨析contribute/devote词语辨析contribute可用作及物动词或不及物动词，作及物动词时，不可接ones life或oneself作宾语devote仅用作及物动词，常用于devote oneself/ones life(time/efforts/energy.)to(doing)sth以及be devoted to结构，表示“献身于/致力于某一事业或目标”即学即练写出下列各句中 “contribute.to” 的含义。Most people contributed something to the new church building._Does drinking polluted water contribute to the disease?_The poet and writer regularly contributes to a magazine._单句语法填空。Have you contributed any money _ the earthquake disaster area?Proper rest and enough sleep contribute _ good health.Edison made great contributions _ our world.完成句子。Everyone is active in _ people in the flooded area.每个人都积极向洪水灾区的人们捐送食品和衣物。Qian Xuesen _ of China.钱学森对中国的航天事业做出了巨大贡献。Medical negligence was said to _据说医护人员的玩忽职守导致了她的死亡。答案：向捐献/捐助导致；促使向投稿tototocontributing food and clothing tocontributed a lot to the space industryhave contributed to her death2apart from除之外；此外(教材原句P4)Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.除了上面提到的句子结构，你也学了以下的词组。易混辨析apart from/besides/except/except for词语辨析apart from具有多重意义，既可代替besides，也可代替except或except forbesides“除了之外(还有)”，即除去的部分也包括在整体之内except“除了之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分不包括在整体之内except for“除了之外”，用于引出细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思，指从整体中除去一个细节、一个方面即学即练选词填空或完成句子。_(apart from/except for)busy schoolwork，the children also have to attend art，music and sports classes in their free time.Your composition is good _(apart from/besides)a couple of spelling mistakes.Nowadays some people choose jobs for other reasons _(except/besides)the pay.He knew nothing about her journey _(except/except that)she was to be away for months._，he was modest.No wonder he could make great achievements.除了工作努力，他还很谦逊。难怪他会取得重大成就。Its a good article _除了有几个小毛病外，这是一篇好文章。答案：Apart fromapart frombesidesexcept thatApart from hard workexcept for a few slight faults3only if只有，只要/make sense有意义(教材原句P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在那儿(中心位置上)，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。归纳拓展(1)only if只有，只要；only引导状语从句或状语从句置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。if only要是，但愿，其后使用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况；用would/could do表示与将来相反的情况。(2)make sense有意义；讲得通；是明智的make no sense没意义make sense of明白，理解即学即练完成句子。Only _ he was wrong.只有在那时，他才知道自己错了。Only _ slide out of the room.只有用这种方法我们才能悄悄溜出房间。What he said just now _(没有意义)_(做没意义)regretting what happened yesterday._(从某种意义上说)，what you said is true.答案：then did he knowin this way can wedoesnt make sense/makes no senseThere is no sense inIn a/one sense4“with宾语宾补”结构(教材原句P7)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置，让行星围绕它运转，只有月球仍然绕地球运转。句式分析上句的主句是He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system，宾语a fixed sun中的过去分词fixed作定语修饰sun，意为“已被固定的太阳”。主句后面的with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth是with复合结构，即“with宾语宾语补足语”结构。With spring coming on，everything comes to life.春天来了，万物充满着生机。归纳拓展with的复合结构为withn./pron.介词短语、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词，在句中作状语(表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等)或定语。即学即练完成句子或单句语法填空。I cant go out _我不能丢下这些要洗的碟子就出去。We live in a house _我们住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。He lay there with his eyes _(look)at the sky.The thief was brought in with his hands _(tie)behind his back.答案：with all these dishes to washwith many flowers around itlookingtied高考英语阅读理解篇章结构分析(2015全国卷A篇)【语篇解读】本篇阅读着重讲述了一台彩色电视给作者带来的一系列烦恼。My colour television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately，I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.我的彩色电视什么也没给我，只会让我头疼。在一年多前我买了它，这是因为我让我的亲戚给我的生日礼物是钱而不是不适合我的衣服。一个销售职员骗我买了这款已经停产的电视。而在一天之后当我从报纸上看到这款电视以75美元低于我所付的价格销售时，我认识到自己被骗了。刚开始的时候这台电视工作起来那么好以至于我一直看到所有的节目结束。幸运的是，没有一个频道能通宵播放电影，否则的话我整晚就不会睡觉了。Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电) noise.For some reason，when certain shows switched into a commercial，a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work，and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.接着那台电视出现了静电噪音的问题。某种未知的原因，当某些节目插入商业广告的时候，一个很大的噪音会出现几秒钟。慢慢地，这种噪音开始在节目播放中出现，为了除掉这种噪音，我不得不换到另外一个频道然后再换回来。有时候这种小计谋不好用，我就不得不抱起电视晃动它以期消除噪音。事实上，我通过晃动电视强健了我的肌肉。When neither of these methods removed the static noise，I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist，and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now，but I keep expecting more trouble.当这两种方法都无法消除静电噪音的时候，我只能无助地坐在那里等着噪音消除。最后的结局是我用拳头击打了电视，它就完全不工作了。修理它花了我62美元，这台电视现在又能好好工作了，不过我时刻都在期待着更多的麻烦出现。【解题提示】本文是故事类短文阅读。阅读问题都是细节理解和推理类，其中第22题、24题较难，是把细节理解和推理判断结合在一起，选项的设计也有一定的迷惑性，需要慎重思考。(针对命题)21Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?AHe got an older model than he had expected.BHe couldnt return it when it was broken.CHe could have bought it at a lower price.DHe failed to find any movie shows on it.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子“I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.”可知作者可以以一个更低的价钱买到这台电视机，所以他觉得被骗了。答案：C(针对命题)22Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off”in Paragraph 1?Aended all their programmesBprovided fewer channelsCchanged to commercialsDshowed all-night movies解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的句子“Fortunately，I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.”(幸运的是没有整晚可以看电影的频道，否则我就不会睡觉。)可以推断出signed off是结束所有的节目。故答案为A。答案：A(针对命题)23How did the author finally get his TV set working again?ABy shaking and hitting it.BBy turning it on and off.CBy switching channels.DBy having it repaired.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段句子“My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，and the set is working well now.”(修理店花了我62美元，这台电视又能好好工作了)。答案：D(针对命题)24How does the author sound when telling the story?ACurious.BAnxious.CCautious. DHumorous.解析：细节题解题。根据文章第二段最后一句话“I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.”和在第三段“but I keep expecting more trouble.”可以看出作者语言很幽默，故答案为D。答案：D如何写好“建议”类书面表达本单元的写作项目属于新课标应用文类别中的“建议信”。这种题目要求我们