天投机取巧定能玩转高考.ppt

30天投机取巧 定能玩转高考 四川省什邡中学,一、先插漏，再补缺 1.自己对高考英语科考试说明上规定的2200个单词及短语、固定搭配一目了然否？强记！死记，识记加阅读中去巩固！胸中有丘壑 哪个复习，哪个没复习; 哪个掌握，哪个没掌握；哪个是强项，哪个是弱项。 2.喜新不厌旧，温故而知新。不是很权威，不是特别有价值的套题没有必要再做了，浪费时间和精力。个别薄弱项目（板块）可以强化训练，如：动词短语区别、搭配， 冠词（特别零冠词和一定要加定冠词的）、对话交际及交际中考查时态语态、非谓语、代词，改错练习等等。把高一、高二，尤其近半年做的试卷、报纸收集整齐，装订成册，供每天有空反复研究。这样争取做到弄懂的知识、已经做过的题再次出现不会犯低级错误。,二、解题方法 （一）语法单项选择题 从近十年来高考单项选择试题的分析，我们不难看出， 考查内容:语法知识, 英语应用(简单表达、强调交际功能、生活化英语)。 考查重点: 集中分散（知识点可谓面面俱到） 内容细化: 1.词法:名词、代词、动词，形容词和副词、冠词（动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词和情态动词、短语的固定搭配是重中之重）。 2.句法：连词和从句。前后句子有and, or, but或otherwise, then, and then等连接，就是简单句。如果是that, if, when, because，why, after, before, as soon as ,until, unless等连接就是复合句（宾语、表语、主语、同位语、时间状语从句）。,3.其它： 主谓一致，倒装，强调，虚拟等等。 得分低的原因： 1.vocabulary-bottleneck，limited； 2.grammar-so weak 3.no strategies of solving the multiple choice 3.常见陷阱题的类型 1) 思维定势型Every minute is made full use of_at our lessons to work B working C having worked D being worked 2) 母语干扰型Ill come to see you if_. A. you are convenient. it is convenient for you C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you,A,B.,3) 插入隔离型 He believes in himself ,_ ,in my opinion ,is of the most importance . A. that which C as D / 4) 借用倒装型John opened the door .There _he had never seen before(2010陕西） A a girl did stand B. a girl stood C did a girl stand .stood a girl 5) 省略型The flowers his friend gave him will die unless_ every day. .watered B. watering C. water D. to water,B,D,A,（二）完形填空： 16字方法： 瞻前顾后、左顾右盼、前呼后应、上下求索柳暗花明 目前流行的是夹叙夹议的文章，总的有200-250单词，讲一个故事，寓晗一定人生哲理。把握故事的时间、地点、人物，进入故事中去体会情景，把握文章脉络，这样才能有做好完形的可能。关键词：and, but, however, yet ,and yet, on the contrary, in fact, in reality等等，时间词：before，ago, then, and then, next, second, third, in the past, in the future,later,等等；人物出现一个列出一个，新人物肯定引领故事的新发展。 完形填空题有以下考查规律：三个1/3。,. 词汇点考查1/3； 特别地去前后寻找同形词（就是长得很像的词）、近义词、同义词。找到的同形词、近义词、同义词多半是题解！ . 词组/短语（动词/介词词组为主）点考查1/3；无机可投，帮助学生归纳整理、督促学生记忆。多功能动词如: break, bring, call, come, do, get, give,go, have ,keep, leave, let, look, make, turn, take, put, pick, pull, set等要特别归纳，记忆。 . 逻辑关系也占1/3；因此必须把握故事的发展、文章的脉络，瞻前顾后，上下求索之.,（三）阅读理解： 1.词数：10001500个单词量。篇章：公告、广告、说明；书报杂志中关于一般性话题的简单文章。今年：日本辐射、地震、战争、石油、低碳生活、工业污染。永恒主题：圣诞、慈善、助人为乐；父母长辈养育恩情；同学恩师记忆；西方文明礼节、人文历史、考古发现、体育娱乐新闻等等。 2.考查与策略： A五大考查范围：词汇性问题(猜词义)、主题（旨）性问题（main idea/purpose）、细节性问题、态度性问题(infer.)。,. 顺承、上下内容相辅相成，表现为：and, or, still,similarly,first, second,thus,besides,further more, moreover等。 . 转折，表现为：however, yet, and yet, but, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, in fact, in reality, to be honest, to tell you the truth等。 . 综述：often , usually, generally speaking, in general, in all, all in all, in conclusion, in summmary, to sum up, draw a conclusion等。 . 详述：for example, as，like, takeas an example, namely, that isthat is to say, to name a few, for instance等。分类例举：Here are five steps for you to choose your major,there are three typeskindssortsvarieties of这些基数词是考查细节题的关键地方！但是有些细节问题直接原封不动地搬来的数据很危险，可能是陷阱，选择时要慎重。,常考查的地方（重视）： 例举处、转折处、数字年代、最高级绝对性的词汇处（must, all, only, the first, the last, most）、大写专有名词处、隐蔽处（同位语、插入语、定语、很长的句子后半句给你偷梁换柱、个别副词强调处、不定式处）、特殊符号处（破折号、括弧、冒号、引号都有解释作用，考查细节易出现于此）。 . 因果关系： because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently, as a consequence, as a resultof, thanks to, due to, because of, owing to, depending on;cause, result in, result from, orginate from等等。,B策略： 1.词汇性问题12字方针：熟词生义、生词本义、周围查找。 常见词义猜测题解题技能 A构词法猜词 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能的，可的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。常见词缀有：,前缀： un-(非,不表示否定):unknown,unhappy,unimpressive, unable,unimportant,uncover,unexpected,unlucky,unlike,unmaeked,unmarried，unoccupied，unpredictable,unmoved,unnatural; im-(表示否):impossible,imperfect,impolite,impractical,improper; in(不,非):incorrect,inability,inaction,inaccessible,inaccurate,inadequate,inattenion,indifferent,in-convenience;indefinite,indirect; ir-(表示否):irregular,irresponsible,irreplaceable;irrelevant,irreligious; il-(表示否):illegal,illfeeling,illusion,illiterate, a-(脱离,分开)：ago,apart,abandon,aboard,absent;(不，非)：amoral,abnormal, anti-(反对的，抗):antiaging,anti-Japanese,anti-clockwise;,auto-(自己的，独自的):automobile,automatic,autobiography; com-/con-(共同，一起，联合)：combile,compress,connect,cooperate,co-worker; dis-(否定，分去)：discourage,disappear,disadvtange,dislike; en-(使):endanger,enlarge, entitle,enrich,enrich;widen,deepen,shorten,weaken,strenghen,lighten; re-(又，再)retell,recall,reread,replay,repeat,rewrite ex-(前任的，以前的；向外，出去):ex-wife, ex-president;export,exclude,exploit extra-(额外的，附加的)：extrawork,extraordinary,extracurricular,fore:(前面的，先前的): forehead,foreleg,foresee,forecast ,forefeel,forefather,foreshore; 前缀还有：post-,hemi-,homo-,inter-,non-,over-super-trans-,under-,sub-;uni-,up-,down-,with-等等。 后缀： -al:（“的,具有性质的”）： natural,logical,industrial,digital; -an:(的人) American,German,historian; -ant:（人）servant,merchant,immigrant; -ar:（人）beggar,scholar,liar;,-or:（人、者）doctor,actor,sailor,inventor; -ist:（家）scientist, dentist,physicist,artist,socilist,capitalist; -cle：（微小的东西）article,particle; -ance：(性质)importance,appearance,tolerance; -ence:（行为、性状）difference, existence, resistence,independence; -bility:（能力、性状）possibility,stability; -less:（无、没有）careless, helpless,useless,endless,motionless; -ful:（充满、具有）careful, helpful,useful; -fy:（使动词）satisfy, purify, beautify,classify,intensify; -ics:（学问、科学）physics,politics,economics; -ness:（性质、程度、情况）bitterness,darkness,illness,sickness,kindness; -some:（有特征，易的）handsome,troublesome,tiresome,lonesome; -th:（性质）health,wealth,youth,truth; ward(s):（位置，往）backward, westward,forward,downward;,-y( 多的，有点的)bloody,sunny,windy,cloudy,rainy,snowy; -ship：（性质、身份、技巧）friendship，membership,relationship,hardship,scholarship,professorship,sportsmanship; -like(像的)childlike,manlike,warlike -logy:（学问）biology,ecology,sociology; -ment:（动作的行为）movement,development,investment,disppointment,B利用同义近义词猜词 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。 C利用反义词猜词 对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。,D利用上下文语境猜词 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。 特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义！这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3；其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。 E利用定义和解释猜词 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。,F利用例证猜词 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as, like, for example, for instance等。 当然，要提高阅读理解的解题能力，考生要培养一定的阅读兴趣。阅读能力与兴趣有关，阅读的兴趣越高，动机愈强，越有利于广泛阅读.另外，丰富的词汇、扎实的基础语法知识(特别是构词法知识、句法分析能力等)都是必不可少的。没有一定的词汇量就不能进行大量的阅读，太多的生词障碍还会造成一定的心理障碍，随着词汇量的扩大，语义、句法知识的增强和阅读技能的提高，阅读速度逐渐同理解速度同步发展，读得越好，理解也越快，解题能力就越强！,（2010年四川卷）阅读A篇 I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part. in. and live in. With this unshakable belief, I, at. fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other peoples writing can one discover what works, what doesnt and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.,42. The underlined word “voice“ in the second paragraph most probably means “ _”. 熟词生义 A. an idea B. a sound quality C. a way of writing D. a world to write about 再看：41. What can be inferred about the author as a child? A. He never watched TV. B. He read what he had. C. He found reading unbelievable. D. He considered reading part of his life.,2008年上海高考 C篇 A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a series of reports from NatWest that has started a five-year research project into teenagers and money, arc particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts man any before. University tuition fees (学费) are currently capped at 3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling. 73. The phrase “to raise the ceiling“ in paragraph 2 probably means “_“.熟词生义 A. to raise the student loans B. to improve the school facilities C. to increase the upper limit of the tuition D. to lift the school building roofs,2007年江苏高考 A 篇 Introduction A lot of crime is against bicycles. About 150,000 bicycles are stolen every year and most are never found. You can prevent this happening by following a few careful steps. Basic Security Do not leave your bicycle in out-of-the-way places. Always lock your bicycle when you leave. Secure it to lampposts or trees. Take off smaller parts and take them with you, for example lights and saddles (车座). Locks Get a good lock. There are many different types in the shops. Buy one that has been tested against attack. Ask for a recommendation from a bike shop. Marking Security marking your bike can act a deterrent to a thief. It can also help the police find your bicycle. It should be clearly written and include your postcode and your house or flat number. This will provide a simple way to identify your bicycle.,57. The underlined phrase “act as a deterrent to a thief” means _ A. help you recognize your bike B. help the police find your bicycle C. stop someone stealing your bicycle D. stop you worrying about your bike deterrent 意思是 something that makes sb. less likely to do sth. 威慑物，制止物。生词本义,2.主旨性问题：就是main idea 或 the best title。注重阅读文章第一自然的第一句话、最后一自然段或第二自然段第一句话，加起来看里面重复率最高的词汇是哪个或哪些？包括近义词、同义词选项就是题解！全面的说法是题解、片面或断章取义的不是答案。 3.细节性问题：比对法。一个一个地比对，吻合率越大的越加肯定是题解。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误 4. 推断性问题：推理判断题问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等 词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推 论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信 息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。,这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： c) 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观