版2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit1Art讲义新人教版选修606151.doc

Unit 1Art重点单词1realistic adj.现实主义的；逼真的；现实的2abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的n摘要3conventional adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 4evident adj.明显的；明白的5superb adj.卓越的；杰出的；极好的 6technique n技术；方法；技能7ridiculous adj.荒谬的；可笑的 8controversial adj.争论的；争议的9attempt n努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图 10specific adj.确切的；特定的11figure n画像；身材；数字 12carve vt.雕刻；刻记13allergic adj.过敏性的；对过敏的 14aggressive adj.敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的15scholar n学者 16display vt.展示；陈列；显露17fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的 18reputation n名誉；名声19fragrant adj.香的；令人愉快的 20permanent adj.永久的；持久的21committee n委员会 22.exhibition n展览；陈列；展览会23appeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助vt.将上诉n呼吁；恳求24faith n信任；信心；信念faithful adj.忠实的；守信的faithfully adv.忠实地25typical adj.典型的；有代表性的type n类型；典型26adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的adoption n收养；采用adopter n养父母adoptee n被收养者27possess vt.拥有；具有；支配possession n(尤作pl.)所有；财产28coincidence n巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合coincident adj.同时发生的；一致的；符合的29predict vt.预言；预告；预测prediction n预言predictor n预言者30delicate adj.脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的delicately adv.优美地；微妙地31preference n喜爱；偏爱prefer v喜爱；偏爱32visual adj.视觉的；看得见的vision n视力；视野33civilization n文明；文化；文明社会civilize v使文明；使开化34aim n目标；目的vi.& vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力aimless adj.没有目标的；无目的的aimlessly adv.漫无目的地；无目标地重点短语1in_the_style_of 以方式2by_coincidence 巧合地3a_great_deal 大量 4on the one handon the other hand 一方面另一方面5in_the_flesh 活着的；本人 6appeal_to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣7take_the_place_of 取代；替代 8aim_at 以为目标9as_a_consequence 结果 10concentrate_on 集中；全神贯注于重点句型1it 作形式主语But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when(教材P2)2介词短语位于句首完全倒装Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who(教材P2)3would ratherthan宁愿而不愿Many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in New York.(教材P6)语法要点虚拟语气 (I wish I could/did/would；If I did， I would do)Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist? (教材P1)If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint? (教材P1)Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.(教材P2)1aimn目标；目的v瞄准；(向某方向)努力During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes.(教材P2)在中世纪，画家的主要目的是表现宗教主题。(1)(2)aim(3)be aimed at目的是，旨在(4)aimless adj.无目的的(5)aimlessly adv.漫无目的地；无目标地Hawking took the scholarship examinations with the aim of studying natural sciences at Oxford.霍金抱着去牛津学习自然科学的目的参加了奖学金考试。The new treaty is aiming at/for improving relations between the two countries.这项新条约旨在改善两国间的关系。The Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to_limit (limit) global warming.近200个国家遵守的巴黎协议也旨在减缓全球变暖。He walked aimlessly (aim) along street after street, head down and shoulders bowed.他低着头、垂着肩，漫无目的地走过一条条街道。2typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. (教材P2)那个时期的典型的绘画充满了宗教的(象)特征，体现出了对上帝的敬重与爱戴。(1)(2)typically adv.典型地；有代表性地；一向This rocking chair is typical of Anthonys way of designing furniture.这把摇椅是安东尼式家具设计的代表。It was typical of him to get angry about it.他一向都对此很生气。I always couple Hemingway and Steinbeck together as being typically (typical) American writers. 我总是把海明威和史坦贝克联系在一起，认为他们是具有代表性的美国作家。3possessvt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配possessionn占有；拥有；所有；所有物，财产；财富(pl.)Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. (教材P2 )富人们想拥有自己的画，这样他们就能装饰他们的高级宫殿和豪宅。They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.(教材P2 )他们花钱请有名的画家为他们自己、他们的房子、财物以及他们的活动和成就画像。(1)(2)It is scarcely possessed of any particular literary value.它几乎不具有什么特别的文学价值。It seems that we value what we are trying to get more than what we possess (possession) right now.好像我们更重视想得到的东西而不是现在拥有的东西。He is in possession of a large estate in the country.他在乡下拥有一大块地产。The big farm is in the possession of them.这个大农场为他们所有。You cant take possession (possess) of the house until all the papers have been signed.所有的文件签字以后你才能拥有这座房子。【提示】 in possession of表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占有”；in the possession of表示被动，其主语通常是物，意为“被占有”。4attemptn努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图On the one hand, some modern art is abstract；that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes(教材P3)一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来(1)(2) 努力做某事；企图做某事The plan was so shallow and impractical that no serious attempt was_made (make) to realize it.这个计划如此的肤浅和不切实际，以至于没有人认真地尝试去实现它。She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test at the first attempt.她第一次参加驾驶考试就顺利过关，便洋洋得意起来。Every time Ive attempted to_convince (convince) her, I failed completely.每次我试图说服她，我都失败了。5figuren数字；身材；体形；人物；画像；图表；图形v估计；计算；认为【一词多义】 写出下列句中figure的含义。The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties. 人物My sister is dieting to keep her figure. 身材It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country havent got a job. 数字A triangle is a threesided figure. 图形Figure the consequences to your life if you lose the job. 估计；想We figured the attendance at 150,000. 估算(1)(2)figure out理解；想出；计算出We need to study and figure out how to beat our competitor.我们需要研究并找出方法来击败我们的竞争对手。【巧学活用】 高考小作文中国历史上我最喜欢的人物是魏源，他是晚清的一位思想家。 As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history,_it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.【熟词生义】 写出加黑单词在语境中的含义。My feeling about the matter didnt seem to figure at all.是重要部分1by coincidence巧合地By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.(教材P2)巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，它使得绘画的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。(1)(2)by accident/chance 偶然地(3)on purpose/by design 故意地By a strange coincidence, we happened to be travelling on the same train.巧得出奇，我们正好坐同一列火车。It is rather a coincidence that he was born on his mothers birthday.他在他母亲生日那天出生，真是巧事。I met her by accident in a crowded bus.我意外地在拥挤的公共汽车上遇见她。2a great deal许多；大量In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one.(教材P2)19世纪后期，欧洲发生了巨大的变化，从以农业为主的社会变成了以工业为主的社会。(1)a great deala good deal(2)a great deal作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作句子的主语或宾语；作副词短语时，意为“大量地，非常多地”，用于修饰动词或比较级；a great deal of修饰不可数名词，表示“大量的，非常多的”。Your friendship means a good deal to me.你的友谊对我意义非常。He is a great deal more experienced in it than I.这方面他比我有经验得多。He ate a great deal for lunch today. 他今天中午吃得很多。A great deal of money was/has_been (be) spent in saving the lives of the trapped miners.挽救被困矿工的生命花费了大量金钱。 【提示】 常用于修饰比较级的词还有：much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, even, still, by far(常用于比较级之后), any。3on the other hand(可是)另一方面(常与on the one hand对应使用)On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.(教材P3)而另一方面，有些现代派的艺术作品却是那么写实，看上去就像是照片。(1)on (the) one hand， on the other hand(引出不同的，尤其对立的观点、思想等)一方面，另一方面(却)(2)first(ly)； second(ly)第一；第二(3)for one thing， for another一则，二则On the one hand many college graduates are out of work now, but on the other hand, they wont take jobs that do not pay much.一方面，现在许多大学毕业生没有工作，但另一方面，他们又不愿意干薪水低的活。Im not going to buy it: for one thing I dont like the colour, and for another its far too expensive.我不买这东西：一是我不喜欢这颜色，二是它太贵了。【巧学活用】 高考小作文一方面，我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母，另一方面，我能从中获得一些经验， 这会对我将来的生活有益。On_the_one_hand,_I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents, and_on_the_other_hand I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life. 4appeal to(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣It will appeal to those who love Impressionist and PostImpressionist paintings.(教材P6)它将会吸引那些喜爱印象派和后印象派作品的人。(1)appeal(2)(3)appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的The community is appealing to everyone to_save (save) power and water.社区正呼吁大家节约水电。UNICEF is making an appeal to the world community for the flood victims.联合国儿童基金会呼吁国际社会救助那些洪灾灾民。Spending the holidays in Hainan wasnt a prospect that I found particularly appealing (appeal)到海南度假对我并不是特别有吸引力。it 作形式主语But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.(教材P2)但是，很显然到了13世纪时，观念在发生变化，像乔托迪邦多纳这样的画家开始以一种比较现实的风格来画宗教场景。【句式点拨】本句采用的是“It isadj.thatclause”的结构。在本结构中，It 只是形式主语，而后面的that 从句才是真正的主语。用于这个结构的其他常见形容词还有：clear, obvious, important, necessary, possible, likely, surprising, amazing, interesting等。(1)It isadj.(for sb/sth) to do sth(用于此句型的常见形容词有：easy, hard, tough, impossible, important, necessary, bad, surprising等)(2)It isadj.of sbto do sth(用于此句型的常见形容词有：kind, nice, wise, brave, silly, polite, friendly, foolish, clever等。此句型中的形容词描述某人的品德、特征)(3)It isn.(for sb/sth)to do sth(用于此句型的常见名词有：pity, shame, duty, fun, manner等)(4)It isadj.(n.)doing sth(用于此句型的常见形容词和名词有：no/little use, no good, useless, worth, worthwhile等)(5)It is过去分词that(用于此句型的常见及物动词的过去分词有：said, known, reported, believed, considered, thought等)(6)Itvi.that(用于此句型中的常见不及物动词有：seem, happen, appear, matter等)It is evident that the plan is impracticable.很明显这计划是行不通的。It is very likely that you will die if you get infected with HIV.(教材P23)如果感染了HIV，你很可能会死。It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.(教材P18)感到惊奇吧，像我这样的年龄，身体健康而且能够在一个下午骑20公里。It is no good crying over spilt milk.(教材P21)覆水难收。Believe me, I know how easy it is to_begin (begin) smoking and how tough it is to stop.(教材P18)相信我吧，我知道吸烟容易戒烟难。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1We took steps to ensure that rules should be faithfully (faith) carried. Otherwise, all our efforts would be wasted. 2Many couples conveyed their strong desire that they (should)_adopt (adopt) the children losing their parents in the earthquake.3Ive been allergicto almost all kinds of pets for my whole life, but luckily there are still a few I can live with. 4My preference (prefer) for science became evident only in the last year of secondary school, where the basics of physics and chemistry were well taught. 5While scientists have attempted to_develop (develop) new drugs that would be more effective and have fewer side effects, their results have been unsuccessful. 6Not many people agree with the governments prediction (predict) that the economy will improve. 7When you get out of the taxi, please make sure that none of your possessions (possess) are left behind.8I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have_got (get) this far.9Wanda Plaza in Xiamen, located in what was a remote village several years ago, is now a busy area.10One can safely predict, therefore, that with the introduction of new techniques, mobile phones will have more applications and become even more_appealing (appeal) to customers.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1What I said to them is that they should always have in our president and his passion. We have a lot more to win yet. 2A small plane crashed into a hillside, five miles east of the city, / three people on board.3A great deal of progress been made over the last several decades in health, education and poverty.4I would rather they hadnt appealed the government for help. As you know, it was no use begging them to do anything for us.5Technical progress would put our firm in the possession of the home market.6The local government has taken some effective measures, aimed cutting down the cost during the tough economy.7Without your ticket, I be able to go to the concert tomorrow.8I noticed that in front of the stadium many students holding flowers waiting for the arrival of the honored guests.9It was coincidence that an ambulance was passing by when the boy got injured.10On one hand, I am dying for the job; on other hand, I am not willing to give up my present one.课文语法填空Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. We will describe only the most important ones, 1starting (start) from the sixth century AD.A typical picture during the Middle Ages was aimed at 2representing (represent) religious themes. But it was 3evident (evidence) that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters began to paint in a more realistic way. During the Renaissance, people adopted a more humanistic attitude to life. They tried to paint people and nature as they 4really (real) were. Perspective, a new technique, was one of the most important discoveries. 5By coincidence, oil paints were also developed. Without them, no one would 6have_been_able (able) to paint such great realistic masterpieces.The late 19th century witnessed new painting styles, creating the Impressionism. The Paris painters broke away from the 7traditional (tradition) style of painting. In order to show the difference in light and shadow, the Impressionists painted so 8quickly (quick) that their paintings were not as 9detailed (detail) as those of earlier painters.Modern painting styles are so different. On the one hand, the painters concentrate more on certain qualities of the object. On the other hand, modern paintings 10are_created (create) in a very realistic way, just like photographs. .阅读理解AIs pricing a plane ticket based on the passengers weight fair? If youre taking an international flight on Samoa Air today, your fare will be based on your weight, along with that of your luggage. The cost is 93 cents to $106 for each kilogram.The average American woman weighs 75.5 kilograms, far from the ideal weight for her average height. Her ticket on Samoa Air, at the $1 a kilogram rate, would cost $75.50. But lets be honest here. Since the average American woman is overweight, the ticket will cost her more.Samoa Air Chief Executive Chris Langton said, “Planes are run by weight and not by seat. The plane can only carry a certain amount of weight and that weight needs to be paid.” He believes other airlines should adopt the policy. Its not a new idea. I remember a newspaper columnist years ago who put forth the idea that the heavier among us should pay more for their seats on planes, trains and buses. Who hasnt been squeezed into a middle seat between two plussized folks on a flight? Its happened to me; one time my married seatmates had purposefully chosen their seats to have more space until a soldout flight put me between them. Not one of my better flying experiences. What if such a policy is adopted by some airlines in the United States? Could such pricing provide a muchneeded motivation for Americans to reduce body weight? I hope so. But, as we know, more than onethird of us are obese and another third are overweight. The high probability is that the heavy customers will not suddenly lose weight or stop flying, but will instead choose a different airline, simply moving the supposed problem elsewhere. Theres no doubt that the heavier will suffer more discrimination(歧视). Discrimination against the overweight in the United States has increased by 66 percent over the last decade“and is comparable to rates of racial discrimination, especially among women，”wrote Yale University researcher Rebecca M Puhl. Your weight can affect your salary, your chances for employment, how others view you and even, now, your air fares. “If the policy succeeds, it may encourage the spread of body discrimination across different industries and the wider culture，” said one British editorial writer. He holds that it is companies duty to provide equipment that meet the needs of their customers. And well see how effective it is as a business model.语篇导读本文为议论文，就航空公司根据乘客体重来决定机票价格的规定而展开讨论。1In Paragraph 3, Chris Langton _.Aexplained the reasons for the ticket policy Bshowed the difficulties of the ticket policyCexpressed his doubt about the ticket policy Ddiscussed the advantages of the ticket policy解析 A细节理解题。第三段主要讲述了萨摩亚航空公司的首席执行官克里斯兰顿所说的一番话：飞机是按重量而不是按座位运行的，飞机只能携带一定量的重量，重量应该被计价，并且鼓励其他航空公司也采用这项政策，故选A项。 2If some American airlines adopt the ticket policy, _.Athey will possibly lose a lot of customersBthere will be less overweight peopleCpeople will use other forms of transportationDthe problem of overweight planes will be partly solved解析 A细节理解题。 根据第五段最后一句可知，采用这项票价政策之后，很大的可能是那些超重的乘客不会突然减轻体重或者停止乘坐飞机，而是会选择其他的航空公司，把这些假定的问题转移到别处。所以采用这项政策的航空公司将会失去很多乘客，故选A项。3The author mentions Puhls study to show _.Awomen are less likely to suffer discriminationBracial discrimination is getting worse nowadaysCthe ticket policy will have little influence on the obeseDthe ticket policy will make body discrimination more serious解析 D细节理解题。第六段主要讲述了身体肥胖会在求职和生活等各方面遭受歧视的问题，这时引用耶鲁大学的研究者普尔的话：快速增长的体重歧视已经赶上种族歧视了，尤其是对女人的体重歧视。结合全文内容可知，这项票价政策将加剧体重歧视问题，故选D项。4Which best describes the British editorial writers attitude to Samoa Airs policy?AOptimistic. BDefensive. CDisapproving. DCasual.解析 C观点态度题。在倒数第二段一位英国社论作家说：如果这项政策成功(推行)，它可能会加剧身体歧视在不同行业和文化中的传播，他认为提供设备满足乘客的需求是公司的责任。由此可以推知，该作家对萨摩亚航空公司的政策持反对态度，故选C项。BSome houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects. Located on the shore of Sullivans Island off the coast of South Carolina, the awardwinning cubeshaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state. Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolinas shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement(执行) of building codes(建筑法规) w