版2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit2Englisharoundtheworld讲义新人教版必修106167.doc

Unit 2English around the world重点单词1voyage n航行；航海2native adj.本国的；本地的n本地人；本国人3vocabulary n词汇；词汇量；词表4request n& vt.请求；要求5eastern adj.东方的；东部的6accent n口音；腔调；重音7straight adv.直接；挺直adj.直的；笔直的；正直的8official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的n官员officially adv.官方地9actually adv.实际上；事实上actual adj.真实的；实际的10base vt.以为根据n基部；基地；基础basic adj.基本的；基础的basis n基础；基本原则11gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地12spelling n拼写；拼法spell vt.拼写13latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的latest adj.最新的；最近的later adj.后期的adv.后来lately adv.近来；最近14identity n本身；身份identify vt.辨认15fluent adj.流利的；流畅的fluently adv.流利地；流畅地fluency n流利；流畅16frequent adj.频繁的；常见的frequently adv.常常；频繁地frequency n频率17usage n使用；用法；词语惯用法use vt.使用 n用途useful adj.有用的useless adj.无用的18command n& vt.命令；指令；掌握commander n司令19expression n词语；表示；表达；表情express vt.表达20recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认recognition n认出；认识recognizable adj.可辨认的21enrich vt.使富裕；充实；改善rich adj.富有的重点短语1because_of 因为；由于2come_up 走近；上来；提出3baseon 以为基础 4at_present 现在；目前5make_use_of 利用；使用 6such_as 例如；像这种的7play_a_part_(in) 扮演一个角色；参与 8even_if/though 尽管；即使9a_large_number_of 许多的；大量的 10a_block_of 一大块11mother_tongue 母语 12bring_in 引来；引起；吸收重点句型1疑问词do you think(主语)谓语Which country do you think has the most English learners？(教材P9)2even if/though引导让步状语从句Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.(教材P10)3morethan与其说倒不如说It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.(教材P10)4no such单数名词Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.(教材P13)5way表示方式、方法，后接定语从句However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.(教材P13)语法要点直接引语和间接引语()：请求与命令“Look at this example，” the teacher said to us. The teacher told us to look at that example.“Would you like to see my flat？” she asked. She asked me to see her flat.1actuallyadv.实际上；事实上Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.(教材P10)事实上，当不同文化互相交流渗透时，所有的语言都会有所变化和发展。表示“实际上，事实上”还有以下短语：in fact, as a matter of fact, in reality, in effectHe looked calm, but actually (actual) he was very nervous. 他看起来很镇定，但实际上却非常紧张。Everyone likes the stranger, but in reality (real) he is a criminal. 每个人都喜欢这位陌生人，其实他是个罪犯。The two methods were in effect identical. 那两个办法实际上是一样的。2basevt.以为根据/基础n基础；基地；基部It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.(教材P10)当时的英语更多是以德语为基础，而现代英语不是。(1)baseon/uponbe based on/upon 把建立在基础之上；以为根据/基础(2)(3)basic adj.基本的；基础的You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.你应该根据严谨的研究得出结论。Our next meeting will be on the basis (base) of this agenda.我们的下次会议将以本议程为中心议题。He showed us the basic (base) steps and skills of making dough figurines.他教给我们捏面人的基本步骤和技巧。3commandnC命令；指令；U掌握vt.命令；指挥；支配；掌握Can you find the following command and request from Reading? (教材P12)你能从阅读部分中找出下列“命令”和“请求”吗？(1)(2)commandThe armed police arrived and took command of the situation.武装警察到达后就控制了局势。Applicants will be expected to have a good command of computer skills.申请人必须熟练掌握电脑技能。The police commanded the witness to_describe (describe) what had happened the day before.The police commanded that the witness (should)_describe (describe) what had happened the day before.警察要求目击者描述一下前一天所发生的事情。4requestn& vt.请求；要求(1)(2)Because of the spread of the serious illness, they have made an urgent request for international aid.由于恶疾的蔓延，他们紧急请求国际援助。At the request of the police officer, he got out of the car. 在警察的要求下，他下了车。That famous singer sang again by request.那位著名的歌手依大家要求再次献唱。Dont respond to any emails requesting (request) personal information, no matter how official they look.不要回复向你索要个人信息的任何邮件，不管它们看起来多么正式。All the articles are requested to_be_related (relate) to the students life.It is requested that all the articles (should)_be_related (relate) to the students life.要求所有的文章与学生的生活有关。Mary requested a Kindle from her father. 玛丽向她父亲要了一个Kindle电子书。5recognizevt.辨认出；承认；公认Although many Americans move a lot，they still recognize and understand each others dialects.(教材P13)虽然许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别并理解彼此的方言。(1)recognize sb/ones voice认出某人/听出某人的声音(2)(3)The moment I answered the phone, I recognized his voice. 我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。It is recognized that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems.Environmental pollution is recognized to_have_become (become) one of the most serious problems.人们一致认为环境污染已经成为最严重的问题之一。I went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond all recognition (recognize)20年后我回到家乡，这座城市已变得认不出来了。Cellphones, which are now universally recognized as a must, have a great effect on us.手机，现在广泛地被认为是必需品，对我们有很大的影响。1come up走近；上来；发生；发芽；(被)提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起 Id like to come up to your apartment.(教材P10)我乐意来你的公寓。【一词多义】 写出下列句中come up的含义。A beggar came up to us and asked for money. 走近I shall write to you if anything comes up. 发生I sowed some seeds last week, but they havent come up yet.发芽When the moon came up, the young began their celebration.升起The question is bound to come up at the meeting.提出来【提示】 come up在指“问题、建议或方案等被提出”时为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为物，无被动语态；come up with则为“提出”，为及物动词短语，主语通常为人，宾语为表示“建议、计划或方案等”的名词。I hope he can come up with a better idea to solve the problem.我希望他能提出一个较好的办法解决这个问题。2make use of利用；使用So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.(教材P10)所以到了17世纪，莎士比亚能用比以前任何时期都大的词汇量。(1)(2)The key is to make full use of all possible means to market your idea.关键是要充分利用各种方法来推广你的想法。You should be outside making the most of the sunshine. 你应该尽量多到户外晒晒太阳。I usually memorize twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible.我通常每天记20个生词，然后尽可能地使用它们。Its no use trying (try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge.劝他休假没用，因为他正面临挑战。1even if/though 引导让步状语从句Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.(教材P10)以英语为母语的人，即使他们讲的英语不尽相同，也能彼此听懂。【句式点拨】even if(even though)意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。Even if Harry fails (fail) this time, he will try again.即使哈里这次失败了，他会再试一次。【拓展延伸】 (1)even so 尽管如此；即使这样There are a lot of spelling mistakes; even so, its quite a good essay.尽管有许多拼写错误，它仍不失为一篇佳作。(2)even now/then 甚至到现在/那时；尽管如此/那样Ive shown him the photos but even now he wont believe me.我已把照片给他看了，即便这样他仍然不相信我。2morethan 与其说倒不如说It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.(教材P10)当时的英语更多是以德语为基础，而现代英语不是。(1)more than(2)It was more the way he said it than what he said that made her sad.造成她不愉快的原因，与其说是他所说的话，倒不如说是他的说话方式。Parents are more than providers for their kids and they are also their first teachers.父母不仅要给孩子提供吃穿，还是孩子的启蒙老师。Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最好方法。【巧学活用】 高考小作文听到班主任说的话，我非常高兴，心跳加速。When_I_heard what the head teacher said, I was very_glad and my heart beat wildly.(一般表达)Hearing_what_the_head_teacher_said,_I was more_than_glad and my heart beat wildly.(分词短语作状语)3no such 没有这样的Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.(教材P13)信不信由你，没有什么标准英语。【句式点拨】句中“no such单数名词”意为“没有这样的”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a(n)单数名词”。“no such单数名词as”意为“没有像这样的”。(1)suchthat结果状语从句(2)suchas像这样的， as 在句中引导定语从句。Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.任何事情都是要付出代价的，在这个世界上并没有免费的午餐。Such a book as you showed me is difficult to understand.像你给我看的这样的书是很难理解的。I was delighted at the presence of such a student.我非常高兴有这样一名学生。【提示】 比较下列句子，注意连接词的作用。A：This is such a difficult problem as all of us cant work out.(as引导定语从句，as在从句中作宾语，指代先行词a difficult problem)B：This is such a difficult problem that all of us cant work it out. (that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分).品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1If we persist in this practice, gradually (gradual) well learn how to express ourselves in English.2Ive known Barbara for years, since we were babies, actually (actual). 3Frequently (frequent), she would find herself looking out of the window lost in thought. 4He has received the award in recognition (recognize) of his success over the last year. 5He made a request that all the damaged parts (should)_be_replaced (replace) at the cost of the shipping company. 6My computer has a program which can correct my spelling(s) (spell) automatically.7There is no such thing as a moral book or an immoral book. Books are well written or badly written. 8The expression (express) on her face told me that she didnt want to discuss it. 9Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I would not hesitate a moment to prefer thelatter because of the air pollution.10He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even if/though he wants to.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1His business closed down because competition from the large corporations.2There are contacts between the people of the two countries.3The boss commanded that his workers / would not leave their office before dark.4A recent study has come up an unexpected conclusion that the African elephant should be divided into two different species.5While waiting for the other tourists, I began a conversation with a man seated in front of me, a Belgian who spoke English.6When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”， it is called dialect.7A celebrity is a person who works hard all his/her life to become wellknown, then wears dark glasses to avoid recognized. 8There is an answering machine for you to make use .9They also requested pay more attention to the details in design and make better use of natural air and sunlight to make the new buildings more comfortable and energy saving.10She has good command of the German language after years of hard work.课文语法填空At the end of the 16th century, about seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. As people from England started 1moving/to_move (move) to other parts of the world, English began to be spoken in many 2other countries. Now more people speak English than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even 3if/though they dont speak the same kind of English. 4However,_they may not be able to understand everything. All languages change when cultures communicate 5with each other. Now American English and Australian English have their own 6identity (identify). English is also spoken in many countries in Africa and Asia, such 7as South Africa, India, Singapore and Malaysia. Today the number of the people in China is increasing 8rapidly (rapid). In the future, Chinese English will become one kind of world English. People say 9jokingly (joke) that the Chinese English will surely differ from 10those of British or American Standard English.阅读理解A(2018长郡中学高三实验班选拔)On Wednesday, nearly 300 kids will take part in the National Spelling Bee. Fewer will make it to the following days semifinals, where one mistake means elimination(淘汰). Id bet that many of them will be silently prayingnot on the first word. I knew it because I was there 17 years ago. I was a 14yearold girl then. My mother and I had flown from Kentucky to Washington, but the capital was no strange to her. My older sister had already competed at the national level.When my sister was 14 and I was 12, we trained together. We began with the Suggested List given out at schoolhundreds of words printed on a poster that could be folded up like a map. When the words along the creases(褶痕) began to disappear, we bought additional spelling lists.Sometimes my mother tested us, reading words most English teachers wouldnt know how to pronounce, let alone my Indianborn mother. When she pointed out the misspelled words, I blamed her accent for my errors! When it was my turn, I approached the microphone and waited for my first word. The announcer was somewhere to my left, a man who pronounced clearly. “Barbican，” he said. It seemed that my competitors were secretly complaining about the relative ease of my word. Would they laugh at me if I couldnt spell it? Would my mother be disappointed in me? That last syllable could go two ways: CAN or CON. Which one was right? Finally I decided on CON. Of course, I was eliminated and guided to the Comfort Room, where parents couldnt enter. Inside, recent losers were sitting around a table abundant with junk food.We casually mentioned the words that defeated us, like a special ceremony to welcome each new arrival. Then we changed the subjects if wed already moved on from missed words and lost opportunities.Eventually, I went out and saw my mother.“Well，” she said, “I_guess_you_wont_be_doing_this_again.” Yes, next year I would be 15 and not allowed to take part in the competition. 语篇导读本文为记叙文，讲述了“我”14岁时参加全国英文拼字大赛的经历。1What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to? AThe difficulty of the first word. BThe fierce competition. CThe nervousness of the kids. DThe strict rules. 解析 C代词指代题。根据第一段最后两句可知，参加比赛的孩子都很紧张，所以默默祈祷，千万别在第一个单词就被淘汰；而“我”知道孩子们紧张是因为“我”在17年前有过这样的经历。据此可知，it指代孩子们的紧张，故选C项。2The author failed probably because _.Ashe was unable to relax Bthe announcer had an accent Cher competitors disturbed her Dshe didnt practise hard enough解析 A推理判断题。根据第七段前三句可以判断，“我”无法放松，心里想得很多，所以影响发挥而被淘汰，故选A项。3What did the author do in the Comfort Room? AShe met her mother.BShe comforted new arrivals. CShe talked with other losers. DShe watched the competition.解析 C细节理解题。根据第九段可知，在the Comfort Room里，“我”在和其他淘汰者聊天，故选C项。4Why did the authors mother say the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? AShe was disappointed in the author. BThe author would be beyond the age limit. CShe didnt want the author to suffer again. DThe author had no interest in the competition. 解析 B细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可以判断，“我”由于超过年龄限制，不能再参赛，故选B项。B(2018湖北重点中学新高三起点)How to avoid a boring conversationWhat excuses should you use to avoid talking to people you dont want to talk to? Here are tips and inoffensive ways to get out of unwanted conversations.Go for a refill(续杯)It is natural for anyone at a party to be excused to get a refill.5_ And once you excuse yourself, make a move fast before the person requests you to get a refill for him as well.Pretend bad mood.Cut off the conversation before it starts by saying something along the lines of “Im not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you dont mind？”6_ Say it firmly so that people get the message loud and clear.Ask your friend to save you.7_ Simply text your friend and ask him or her to come for apparently something important. You will be able to skip a boring chat with a seemingly reasonable excuse.8._You are advised to look away from that person and dont make eye contact, so that you can give powerful hints(暗示) that you find the conversation extremely boring.9_ Be sure to tune in to the conversation every now and then so you dont come across as rude.ABehave in an obviously careless way.BJust be sure that the person you are talking to does not offer to accompany you to do so.CDont act too polite in an attempt to draw sympathy.DUse body language to indicate boredom.EYour friend is bound to perform brilliantly in coping with the dull one.FLook elsewhere and pretend that something else has caught your attention.GStuck in an unwanted conversation, how do you get out of it?语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了怎样避免无聊的谈话。5解析 B顺承关系。B项中的so就是指空前的get a refill这一行为；同时空后的make a move fastas well与B项的内容相呼应，故选B项。6解析 C重申关系。空后的代词it指代空处前一句中的Im not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you dont mind，所以空处及后一句与这一问题有关；同时后一句中的Say it firmly与C项(不要为了获得同情而表现得太礼貌)在内容和语气方面是一致的，故选C项。7解析 G诠释关系。根据该段的主题句以及空后两句可知，空后的两句话是对G项这一疑问句的回答，G项能够引出下文，符合语境，故选G项。8解析 D总分关系。根据上文中的主题句都使用祈使句这一特点可知，该段也应用祈使句作主题句；同时根据该段中的第一句可知，把目光从这个人身上移开，不要有眼神交流，这样可以给对方强烈的暗示，使其发现这段谈话极其无聊，这与D项(使用肢体语言暗示厌烦)相吻合，故选D项。9解析 F顺承关系。根据该段主题句可知，使用肢体语言暗示厌烦，所以F项(看向别处并假装你的注意力被其他东西吸引)与之吻合，故选F项。.完形填空(2018哈尔滨三中高三一检)I was in the sixth grade and have just moved to California from Alaska when I met Ms Linda Jones. Most of my teachers seemed to _1_ me; I was one more student among hundreds. Ms Jones, however, took a _2_ interest. “You can write，” she said, explaining that she wanted to move me into the honors English class. So did I.A decade later, when my first novel was _3_,_I went back to Ms Joness classroom, handing her a copy of my book. “And I _4_ this for you.” Ms Jones began to cry _5_. Shed been considering early _6_,_she said, _7_ she felt she wasnt having enough of an effect _8_ her students. I didnt know how to make Ms Jones understand what shed done for me: _9_ her, I fell in love with Shakespeare. I learned how to compose an essay. It was her _10_ in me that gave me the confidence to become a writer. I _11_ her.Fifteen years later, when I heard that she was _12_ ready to retire, I attended her _13_ party. All Ms Jones needed to do was to say a few words thanking her colleagues for coming. _14_,_she stood up and made an exciting _15_ that began like this: “For those of you complaining that _16_ have changed, and that its harder to teach these days. Youre getting _17_ and lazy. These kids havent changed. You have! Do not _18_ these kids！”When she finished her talk, everyone _19_ hand