2019中考英语二轮复习短文语法选择、首字母、阅读题金新选（7）.docx

2019中考英语短文语法选择、首字母、阅读题金新选（7）一、阅读理解。A（2019中考科普环保类选练）The world is not only hungry but also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70%of the earths surface is covered with water. But about 97%of that is sea water or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%of fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground and so on. And we can not even use all of that because some of it has been made dirty. Earth Day is April 22. But on all other days, we must also remember how important water is. The water that we use is the most important natural resource on the earth. Today we face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish, too. How do cars and factories make our water dirty? First they pollute the air. Then when it rains, the rain water makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain, called acid rain（酸雨）, is also bad for plants, animals and buildings. Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world wont have enough dean water. We have to learn how to stop wasting water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it. Today in most large cities, water i used only once and then sere out into a sewer system（下水道）. From there it returns to the sea or goes underground. But even though every large city reused its water, we would still not have enough. So we should make use of sea water by removing the salt in it. If we can take these steps, fresh water wont be used up.1. The world is thirsty for water because_.Awe dont have enough fresh waterBa lot of water goes into sewer systemsConly 70% of the earths surface is waterDsea water is widely used rather than fresh water2. The underlined word face means_.Aturn the face downBturn the face upCturn the face to Dturn the face back3. From this passage, we know acid rain_.Ais only bad for living thingsBis not bad for buildings and factoriesCcan be produced in factoriesDis bad for people, animals, plants and buildings4. One difficult way we can solve the problem is to _.Ause the water with salt in it Bremove the salt from sea waterCget water from underground Dreuse the water in cities5. What is the best title for this passage?AFresh water and sea water BA thirsty countryCThe importance of water DThe worlds water problem参考答案ACDBDBDifferent countries have many different kinds of climate (气候)And in one big country people in different areas may often have different kinds of climates as well.The United States has many different kinds of climate.On the northwest coast (海岸)，the temperature changes very little between summer and winter.It is not hot or cold all the year around.But the people in the north central states have a very different kind of climate.In those states，people wear light clothes in summer，and in winter they need to wear heavy woolen clothes.In the southwest coast of the United States，temperatures in summer are very different from those in winter.Summer is usually hot，and winter is usually cold.In spring the temperatures are warm，and in fall temperatures are cool.Many years ago，people in the cold parts of the United States didnt often get fresh vegetables and fresh fruits during the summer.Today，however，trucks and trains carry fruits and vegetables very quickly to the cold parts of the United States.In this way，Americans“send their climates”to people in other states.()6. The summer and winter temperatures are almost the same _.A. in the northeast of the United States B. on the north central statesC. in the west of the United States D. on the northwest coast()7. In the north central states people wear _ clothes in summer and _clothes during the winter.A. silk; light B. light; heavy wollen C. wool; cotton D. wool; silk()8. The word “temperature”in this passage means “_” in Chinese.A. 湿度 B. 脾气 C. 气候 D. 温度()9. Today people _ can get fresh vegetables and fresh fruits.A. in the north central states B. in every part of the United StatesC. in the cold parts of the United States D. in the southwest part of the United States()10. From the passage we know that the climate of the United States _.A. is always very cold B. is warm in winterC. is widely different D. changes very little between summer and winter参考答案610 D B D C CC（2019年选练-科普环保类）When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time.Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the earths atmosphere (大气). Light is “bent (弯曲的)” when it travels through different parts of the earths atmosphere. As the air in the earths atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望远镜) was sent into space so that the air movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people understand space better.根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。1What happens to the light from the stars we see when the air in the earths atmosphere is moving? A. It looks even brighter.B. It looks as if it is bent.C. It looks as if it is moving.D. It looks like drops of rain.2Scintillation also happens on according to the passage. A. rainy days B. shiny daysC. cloudy days D. windy days3What can you see when you drop a rock into the water? A. The rock gets broken.B. The rock becomes unclear.C. The water becomes much polluted.D. The water does not move anymore.4The underlined word “observe” means “”.A. watch B. listen C. draw D. explain5Why is scintillation a problem for astronomers? A. The stars never stay still.B. It makes the stars too dark to see.C. It makes astronomers feel too hot to work.D. Astronomers cannot observe the stars clearly.【参考答案】1C 2B 3B 4A 5D【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了发生在大气中的一种重要的自然现象交光现象，短文详细的介绍了这种现象的科学原理及其对宇航员工作的影响。1根据第二段As the air in the earths atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.描述，可知它看起来好像在移动，故选C。2根据第三段The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, 描述，可知交光现象也可能发生在白天，故选B。3根据第三段You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.描述，可知石头变得看不清楚了。故选B。4联系上下文，可知此处指的是，由于他们不能清楚地观察到星星。故选A，观察。5根据最后一段This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. 描述，可知因此宇航员就不能清晰地观察星星了。故选D。考点：科普类说明文阅读点评：本文浅显易懂，各个小题都能在文中找到适当依据。只要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，就能顺利完成阅读。文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。二、语法选择。阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1-15各题所给的A、B、C、D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Last summer holidays, my classmates and I helped with a charity show. Its aim was to raise money for those children _1_ couldnt go to school in poor areas. It was very meaningful for us to do it.We did a lot for that. I felt happy when I _2_ to be the host. Though it was exciting, I was _3_ nervous because of the TV cameras that I couldnt sleep all night. I knew that lots of people _4_ to watch the show, also there would be a large audience in _5_ front of the TV. As a few famous stars would come to the show, one of my duties _6_ to introduce each of them. I also had some _7_ things to do. So I often worked _8_ morning to night. It was hard work, _9_ I was happy. I practiced a lot before the show. I had to remember all the words and do _10_ right at the same time. At first, I thought I would never be able to do it better. I kept _11_ myself not to be nervous.Slowly everything became easier. The big day came very fast. _12_ people came to the show. They donated money and materials. And the local business also gave _13_ a lot of support. How generous they are! After the show, we sent the donations to those poor children. Soon they wrote back. They were really grateful to us. I was very proud _14_ I could help them. I hope_15_ people will always help them.1. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 2. A. choose B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosen 3. A. very B. so C. too D. such 4. A. come B. will come C. coming D. would come 5. A. a B. an C. the D. / 6. A. is B. was C. are D. were 7. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 8. A. from B. in C. at D. on 9. A. or B. but C. and D. so 10. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 11. A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell 12. A. Hundred B. Hundreds of C . Hundred of D. Two hundreds of 13. A. we B. us C. our D. ourselves 14. A.of B. which C. what D. that15 . A. many and many B. more and many C. more and more D. much and much参考答案15 CDBDC 610 BAABD 1115 BBBDC三、短文首字母填空。.根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限填一词。 Have you ever complained why life is so tiring? Does the sky sometimes seems d_1_to you? Well, friends, cheer up and smile all the time. If you see the world wi