（考前辅导）中考英语考能提升单项选择专题人教新目标版.docx

单选命题特点剖析1. 提高运用基础语法知识的能力。2. 提高利用英语语境解决问题的能力。重点：能够根据题干及选项的设置弄清楚该题的考查方向。难点：在特定的语言环境中运用语法的能力。近年来，中考英语单选试题重在英语语言的基础知识的考查及运用，知识点多，覆盖面广。内容主要涉及：冠词、数词、动词时态、情态动词、被动语态、非谓语动词、代词、介词、连词、形容词、副词、名词辨析、宾语从句及状语从句等。近几年单项选择的命题特点1. 知识覆盖面广 2. 语境地位突出 3. 交际性原则明确4. 试题题干新颖 5. 迷惑性较大 6. 灵活性较高单项选择的命题规律一、试题设计多重视语境的创设近年来，基础知识题的设置都有一定的语境，或需要参照一定的语境，而不是对基础知识孤立的考查。1. Lisa is very excited, because she _ the driving license test.A. passes B. passed C. will pass D. has passed答案：D思路分析：句意：Lisa非常兴奋，因为她通过了驾照考试。分析：Lisa非常兴奋是现在的状态，此状态是“她通过驾照考试”这一行为引起的后果，故符合现在完成时的概念，用现在完成时恰当。 2. Look at the noisy kids!Havent you heard the saying “When the cat is away, the mice _”?A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play答案：D思路分析：本题形式上考查的是play的时态，而实际上考查的是真实语境中语言的运动。When引导的时间状语，主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时，应选D。二、试题内容的设计简洁、贴近生活、地道，突出交际意识 语言是交际的工具，必须突出交际的功能。现在许多单项选择题都为对话形式，使试题更贴近生活。在考卷中，有些试题的设置大多是以语言交际为目标的，没有知识的痕迹，体现了“语言知识为语言能力服务”这一宗旨。 (江西中考)Why dont you join us for breakfast? Sure! _ A. Good luck! B. Congratulations! C. What to do? D. Why not?答案：D思路分析：句意：为什么不和我们一起吃早餐？当然可以。_。分析：Why dont you是向对方提建议或邀请对方的常见句式，而四个选项中，Good luck! 是向对方表示祝福；Congratulations!是向对方表示祝贺；What to do? 是表示疑问，做什么呢？；Why not?为什么不呢？通常为提建议的应答语，故选D。三、题目命题注重干扰项的设计试题的题干及其所传递的信息对答案的选择有很大的帮助，因此要“瞻前顾后”，捕捉有效信息，排除干扰项，选准正确答案。 1. (北京中考)Look! The clock has stopped. Maybe theres _ wrong with it. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing答案：B 思路分析：句意：看，钟表已经停了，或许它出毛病了。由题干信息“钟表已经停了”，可知“它出毛病了”，故用句式“There is something wrong with”，选B。2. She has a bag in her left hand. Whats in her _ hand? A. another B. the other C. other D. one答案：B思路分析：another表示不确定的“另一个，再一个”；the other表示“两者中的另外一个”；other表示“其他的”；one表示“一个”，根据题意B项符合。四、题目的综合性增强题干往往以时下国内外热点为背景，这要求考生关注热点新闻，注重英语的工具性与人文性。(广东中考)Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, I do believe it _ some day in the future.A. will find B. wont find C. will be found D. wont be found答案：C思路分析：句意：尽管马航MH370已经失踪数月，但是我坚信它在将来的一天会被发现的。该题的设置以2014年3月8日马航MH370的失联为背景，考查了一般将来时被动语态的应用。由句意可知，主语it与谓语动词find之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，排除A、B；由I do believe可知后面是肯定句，故选C。1. (陕西中考) The Chinese national womens badminton team _ the Japanese team by 3:1 in India on May 24.A. won B. lost C. beat D. missed答案：C思路分析：考查动词辨析。句意：在5月24日，中国国家女子羽毛球队在印度以3:1战胜了日本队。won 赢得，后接物；lost 丢失；beat 战胜；打败，后接人或团体；missed 错过；思念。由句意可知中国队战胜了日本队，故选C。2. Its raining _ outside. So lets do some reading in the home.A. strong B. strongly C. heavy D. heavily答案：D思路分析：考查形容词、副词辨析。句意：外面雨正下得大，因此我们在家里读一些书吧。strong 强壮的；猛烈的；strongly 强有力地；强烈地；heavy 重的；大量的；heavily沉重地，往往修饰风；大量地，修饰雨雪。由句式可知空格处填副词，修饰动词rain，故排除A、C项；应该用heavily修饰雨下得大，故选D。3. (江苏苏州中考)Shall we go fishing at six oclock tomorrow morning?_. Will seven oclock be OK?A. Sure, its up to you B. Sure, no problemC. Sorry, I cant make it D. Sorry, Im not available答案：D思路分析：考查交际用语。句意：明天早上6点我们去钓鱼，好吗？对不起，我没有空。7点钟好不好？Sure, its up to you. 当然可以，由你做主；Sure, no problem. 当然可以，没问题；Sorry, I cant make it. 对不起，我不能完成；Sorry, Im not available. 对不起，我没有时间。由答语Will seven oclock be OK?可知我没有时间，需要更换时间，故选D。4. The 2014 Winter Olympics was held in Sochi, _ in February.A. Russia B. Australia C. Japan D. China 答案：A思路分析：考查时事热点。句意：2014年冬奥会在俄罗斯的索契举行。Russia 俄罗斯；Australia 澳大利亚；Japan 日本；China中国。由常识可知A项正确。5. Saving is _. But its very difficult to change the way of our living.A. interesting B. special C. normal D. easy答案：D思路分析：考查形容词的辨析。句意：节约是容易的，但是改变我们的生活方式是困难的。interesting 有趣的；special 特别的；normal 正常的；easy 容易的。由连词but及提示词difficult可知，空格处填difficult的反义词easy，故选D。单选高频考点解读1. 了解中考中的高频考点，提高利用英语语境解决问题的能力。重点：能够根据题干及选项的设置弄清楚该题的考查方向。难点：在特定的语言环境中运用语法的能力。近几年中考单项选择涉及的语法点代词人称代词物主代词不定代词疑问代词介词时间介词地点介词连词并列连词形容/副词比较级最高级疑问副词动词时态现在完成现在进行一般过去一般将来过去进行be动词主谓一致情态动词canmust被动语态一般过去一般现在不定式作宾补与疑问词连用句子宾从状从There be代词解题要点：分析句意，看清所缺成分；注意固定搭配。1. Is this your key, Jenny? No, _ is in my handbag.A. His B. Hers C. Mine D. Yours2. Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan? _ of them. Lin Shuhao is my favorite.A. All B. None C. Either D. Neither3. Please help _ to some fish, children.A. your B. you C. yourselves D. yourself答案：C B C思路分析：1. 根据句意可知是“我的钥匙在我包里”。2. 由答语可知三个都不喜欢，应选none，表示“三者或三者以上都不”。3. help oneself to为固定搭配，由后面的children可知要用复数形式。连词解题要点：分析前后句关系，确定所选连词。1. Cross the road carefully, _ youll keep yourself safe.A. so B. or C. but D. and2. You will fall behind others _ you work hard.A. if B. unless C. though D. since答案：D B思路分析：1. 前后为承接关系。2. 句意为“你将会落后，除非你努力学习。”时态 1. Mum, wait a minute. I cant find my football.Hurry up! Your father _ for us.A. is waiting B. waited C. waits D. will wait2. Mikes father _ Australia many times and he knows a lot about that country. A. visits B. will visit C. visited D. has visited3. Where is Jim?He _ to the bank. He will be back in an hour. A. go B. goes C. has gone D. has been4. I saw Mr. Smith in the office at ten yesterday morning.Thats impossible. He _ an English party with us at that moment.A. h as B. had C. was having D. has had答案：A D C C思路分析：1. 根据句意可知说话时“正在等”，用现在进行时。2. 根据后面“他对那个国家很了解”可知“迈克的爸爸已经去过澳大利亚很多次了”。用现在完成时。3. 根据上下文可知“他去了银行”，但还没回来，用has gone to。4. 由时间状语at that moment可知要用过去进行时，表示在那个时刻正在做某事，故选C。情态动词解题要点：根据句子语境明确说话人语气，从而选定答案。1. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, I _. My friend is coming to see me.A. neednt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. cant2. Look, Sara is there! That _ be her. She doesnt like singing.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont3. Have you decided which school to choose?Not yet. I _ go to No.11 School.A. must B. may C. need D. should答案：D B B思路分析：1. 由“我的朋友要来看我”可知不能留下吃午饭了，故选D。2. 由“她不喜欢唱歌”可知前面说的是“那不可能是她”，表示强烈的否定推测，用cant。3. 由not yet“还没决定”可知后面说话的语气为“可能”，故选B。被动语态解题要点：根据主语与谓语动词的关系确定语态；根据时间状语或隐含提示确定时态；熟练掌握被动语态在不同时态中的形式。1. Your classroom looks bright and tidy. It _ after school every day.A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned2. I remember you _ to the meeting, but I didnt see you. Whats wrong? Sorry, I went to the wrong place.A. inviteB. will invite C. were invitedD. will be invited答案：C C思路分析：1. 教室和打扫的关系为被动关系，且时间状语为every day，可知为一般现在时，故选C。2. 由后面的didnt可知“被邀请”这件事发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。宾语从句解题要点：宾从三要素：时态；语序；连接词1. Can I join you? Sure. Were talking about _ this Sunday.A. where we will go B. where we went C. where will we go D. where did we go2. Can you tell me _ when I called you?A. what were you doing B. what are you doing C. what you were doing D. what you are doing答案：C CThere be解题要点：就近原则。There _ a park near here. Shall we take a walk?A. be B. were C. is D. are答案：C思路分析：讲的是现在的情况，且后面的主语是a park，故用is.单选解题技巧点拨能够结合所学知识，灵活地掌握一些方法技巧，在单项选择中拿到高分。重点：提高对英语语言知识的识记、理解和运用能力，能根据题干所给的语境进行分析、对比，并灵活地运用英语基础知识。难点：利用解题技巧解决实际语言问题。一、直接法 直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已知信息，捕捉解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法。此法主要用于较简单的试题，但必须要求对基本知识点、语法点熟练掌握。1. (江苏连云港中考) The six students from Lianyungang got the first prize in the Chinese Characters Dictation Competition in Jiangsu. exciting news it is!A. What B. HowC. What an D. How an答案：A思路分析：句意：来自连云港的六名学生在江苏的汉字听写大赛中获得了第一名。多么令人兴奋的消息啊！该题考查感叹句，what修饰不可数名词news，直接利用了感叹句的句式，故选A。2. We have worked for three hours. Now lets stop _a rest.A. had B. have C. to have D. having 答案：C 思路分析：stop to do和stop doing的用法辨析。根据题意“停下来去休息”，应该选C。二、抓住题干关键点 题干中均有明显的或隐含的关键词或短语，依据这些词汇提供的信息避免汉语因素的干扰，选出正确答案。 1. I asked Kate and Mary to come for a talk, but _ of them came. A. both B. all C. neither D. none 答案：C思路分析：句意：我让凯特和玛丽去听报告，但是没有一个人来。该题考查不定代词的辨析。关键词是Kate and Mary，她们决定了数量，排除B、D；由转折词but排除A，故选C。2. He has never been to Beijing before, _?A has he B hasnt he C did he D does he答案：A思路分析：分析题干可知此题考查反意疑问句，遵循前肯后否，前否后肯的原则，但是句中的never是否定含义，所以后面的反意疑问句应该是肯定的，且助动词应该与前面保持一致，故选A。三、类推比较法 如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而将AB予以否定，如：Could you tell me when Tom_ here？ A. got to B. arrived in C. reached D. reached to答案：C思路分析：reach是及物动词，首先排除D；here是副词，前面不能加介词，故排除A、B, 选C。如果对选项没有把握，就可以用类推法对A、B进行否定。四、排除法 根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就能看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余的选项代入空白处进行检验，辨别真伪。1. (浙江宁波中考) I heard that Line 1 of Ningbo Subway _ last month.A. was tested B. is tested C. tests D. tested答案：A思路分析：句意：我听说宁波地铁一号线上个月进行了通车试验。该题中，可由时间状语last month直接排除B、C；再由句意可知该句是被动语态，排除D，选A。2. Could you tell me _? I have something important to tell him. A. where is Tom B. where was Tom C. where Tom is D. where Tom was 答案：C思路分析：说的是现在的事，要用一般现在时，故排除B、D; 再由宾从的陈述语序排除A, 答案选C. 五、牢记固定搭配和特殊句式 英语中有大量固定搭配和习惯表达法，它们是选择填空题考查的主要内容之一。在平时的学习中应该注意积累一些常见的固定句式、动词与副词的搭配、名词和形容词的搭配等。1. The teacher went into the classroom, _ a book in his hand. A. to hold B. holds C. holding D. hold答案：C思路分析：考查现在分词作伴随状语。2. All those things made us _. A. feel happily B. feel happy C. to feel happily D. to feel happy答案：B思路分析：made sb. do sth.使得某人做某事；feel为感官动词，后面跟形容词。六、语意推理法语意推理就是根据题干所要表达的意思，结合自己的生活体会等分析判断设空处的意思。Would you like to go and see a film? Sure，the TV programmes are too_. A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring 答案：D思路分析：句意：你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？当然，电视节目太_。由句子所要表达的意思可知，电视节目太无聊了，要去看电影，选项应该表示消极意义，只有D项符合。七、情景交际法 情景交际法就是按照英语交际的习惯、风俗对试题中给出的选项作出恰当的判断。由于英汉两种语言受不同文化背景的影响，其语言习惯的表达必然有别。因此，做题时要克服汉语的干扰，尽量提高英语学习的效率及选择的准确性。1. Your dress looks really nice. _. A. Not at all B. Thanks C. Not nicer than yours D. Dont say so 2. I lost my bike yesterday. _. A. Who did it B. Im sorry to hear that C. Never mind D. Dont worry, you can buy another one 答案：1. B 2. B思路分析：根据英语固定表达来选择。八、消除思维定势，警惕陷阱题 认真读题，弄清楚题干的真正意思，联系上下文捕捉暗示信息，排除定势思维的干扰，选出正确答案。1. 利用固定搭配干扰选项Would you like some coffee? Yes, please. By the way, do you have any milk? I prefer coffee _ milk. A. to B. of C. for D. with答案：D思路分析：句意：你想喝咖啡吗？是的。顺便问一下，你有牛奶吗？我更喜欢喝加牛奶的咖啡。此题易受定势思维的干扰，误以为是prefer.to.短语，实际上该句的意思是“我喜欢加牛奶的咖啡。”，故选D。2. 省略句子成分，干扰选项What do you think made the little girl so happy? _ a new dress. A. Because she bought B. Buying C. Because of buying D. As she bought 答案：B思路分析：完整答语应为buying a new dress made the little girl so happy，动名词短语作主语。3. 混用相似句型句式，干扰选项Shanghai is larger than_ city in India. A. any other B. the other C. any D. the 答案：C思路分析：这道题容易误选A，但上海不属于印度，故答案应为C。4. 插入定语从句或宾语从句，干扰选项The doctor did what he could _ the sick man. A. to save B. saved C. save D. saving 答案：A思路分析：what he could作did的宾语，后面to save是动词不定式做目的状语。1. (山东菏泽中考) My teacher gave me much _ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem答案：A思路分析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我学习遇到困难时，老师总是给我一些如何学好英语的建议。advice 建议；question 问题；suggestion 建议；problem 问题。由关键词much可知，空格处填不可数名词，四个选项中只有A项是不可数名词，故选A。2. Look, Tina is waiting _ the bus stop.A. for B. at C. in D. to答案：B 思路分析：考查介词辨析。句意：看，Tina正在公共汽车站等车。该题容易误选固定搭配wait for，该短语意为“等待”，放在句中与句意不符。at the bus stop在公共汽车站，故选B。 3. (江苏连云港中考)I missed the beginning of The Voice of China yesterday evening. ! But you can watch the replay tonight.A. Hurry up B. What a pity C. Try your bestD. I don t think so答案：B 思路分析：考查交际用语。句意：我错过了昨天晚上中国好声音的开头。真遗憾！但是你可以看今晚的重播。Hurry up快点；What a pity真遗憾；Try your best尽你最大的努力；I don t think so 我并不认为如此。由语境可知，答语应该对对方的行为感到遗憾、惋惜，只有B项符合语境。4. Poor boys! It _ when they left the hotel. A. will rainB. is rainingC. was raining D. has rained答案：C 思路分析：考查过去进行时的用法。句意：可怜的孩子！当他们离开旅馆时，天正在下雨。will rain一般将来时的谓语动词；is raining现在进行时的谓语动词；was raining过去进行时的谓语动词；has rained现在完成时的谓语动词。由时间状语when they left the hotel可知，主句应该是过去的某种时态，选项中只有C项符合，故选C。5. My radio is broken. Ill have it _ this afternoon.A. repaired B. repairing C. repairs D. to repair 答案：A思路分析：have sth. done使得某物被6. Her brother began to study French last year, and _. A. so did she B. so she did C. so she began D. she did so答案：A思路分析：so+助动词+主语，表示与上述情况相同。7. The town government set up a new modern hospital for the farmers, _? A. does it B. doesnt it C. did it D. didnt it答案：D思路分析：此处考查反意疑问句。遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则，排除A、C；主语为单数，谓语动词不是三单形式，可知是用了set的过去式，因此选D。8. We cant tell the young teachers _ the students. A. of B. to C. among D. from答案：D思路分析：tell A from B, 把A和B区分开来，为固定搭配。（答题时间：20分钟）一、单项选择1. (重庆中考) I have _ English dictionary and it helps me a lot. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. (湖北黄冈中考)What _ bowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large?A large bowl of beef noodles, please.A. color B. price C. size D. kind3. _ did you buy for your mom for Mothers Day?Some flowers.A. How B. Where C. Which D. What4. (浙江温州中考) Alice likes doing housework. She _ her room every afternoon.A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaning D. has cleaned5. Dont tell anybody about it, keep it _ you and me.A. with B. in C. between D. among6. Mom, my classmates are waiting outside, _ I must go now.A. or B. but C. so D. though7. (内蒙古呼和浩特中考)Why dont you watch TV at home？Id love to, but my mother doesnt allow me _ that.A. do B. did C. to do D. doing 8. Thomas, please be quiet. The others _ hear very well.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt9. The boy _ his homework when his father came back from work.A. did B. is doing C. was doing D. does10. (江西中考)Recycling is good, so dont _ bottles or newspapers.A. find out B. hand in C. use up D. throw away11. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me _? A. where you buy it B. where do you buy itC. where you bought it D. where did you buy it12. (南京中考) We can invite our teachers to the farewell party next Saturday.Yes, _? Ill call them at once.A. what for B. what C. why not D. why一、单项选择1. B 解析：考查冠词的用法。句意：我有一本英语字典，它帮了我很大的忙。由语境可知，此处的English dictionary是泛指，故用定冠词a或an修饰。English是以元音音素开头的单词，故其前用an，选B。2. C 解析：考查名词的辨析。句意：你想要什么碗的面条？小碗、