Nginxpcre部署及配置步骤.doc

安装在 Linux 下安装 Nginx 为了确保能在 Nginx 中使用正则表达式进行更灵活的配置，安装之前需要确定系统是否安装有 PCRE（Perl Compatible Regular Expressions）包。您可以到 ftp:/ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/ 下载最新的 PCRE 源码包，使用下面命令下载编译和安装 PCRE 包：# wget ftp:/ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/soft . cre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz# tar zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz# cd pcre-7.7# ./configure# make# make install 接下来安装 Nginx，Nginx 一般有两个版本，分别是稳定版和开发版，您可以根据您的目的来选择这两个版本的其中一个，下面是把 Nginx 安装到 /opt/nginx 目录下的详细步骤：http:/sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.61.tar.gz# wget http:/sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz# tar zxvf nginx-0.6.31.tar.gz# cd nginx-0.6.31# ./configure -with-http_stub_status_module -prefix=/opt/nginx# make# make install 其中参数 -with-http_stub_status_module 是为了启用 nginx 的 NginxStatus 功能，用来监控 Nginx 的当前状态。 安装成功后 /opt/nginx 目录下有四个子目录分别是：conf、html、logs、sbin 。其中 Nginx 的配置文件存放于conf/nginx.conf，Nginx 只有一个程序文件位于 sbin 目录下的 nginx 文件。确保系统的 80端口没被其他程序占用，运行 sbin/nginx 命令来启动 Nginx，打开浏览器访问此机器的 IP，如果浏览器出现 Welcome to nginx! 则表示 Nginx 已经安装并运行成功。 常用的 Nginx 参数和控制 程序运行参数 Nginx 安装后只有一个程序文件，本身并不提供各种管理程序，它是使用参数和系统信号机制对 Nginx 进程本身进行控制的。 Nginx 的参数包括有如下几个： -c ：使用指定的配置文件而不是 conf 目录下的 nginx.conf 。 -t：测试配置文件是否正确，在运行时需要重新加载配置的时候，此命令非常重要，用来检测所修改的配置文件是否有语法错误。 -v：显示 nginx 版本号。 -V：显示 nginx 的版本号以及编译环境信息以及编译时的参数。例如我们要测试某个配置文件是否书写正确，我们可以使用以下命令sbin/nginx t c conf/nginx2.conf 常规配置Nginx官方网站 的一个例子#!nginx # 使用的用户和组 user www www; # 指定工作衍生进程数 worker_processes 2; # 指定 pid 存放的路径 pid /var/run/nginx.pid; # debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit # 可以在下方直接使用 debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit 参数 error_log /var/log/nginx.error_log info; events # 允许的连接数 connections 2000; # use kqueue | rtsig | epoll | /dev/poll | select | poll ; # 具体内容查看 /事件模型 use kqueue; http include conf/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main $remote_addr - $remote_user $time_local $request $status $bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $gzip_ratio; log_format download $remote_addr - $remote_user $time_local $request $status $bytes_sent $http_referer $http_user_agent $http_range $sent_http_content_range; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; client_header_buffer_size 1k; large_client_header_buffers 4 4k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1100; gzip_buffers 4 8k; gzip_types text/plain; output_buffers 1 32k; postpone_output 1460; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; send_lowat 12000; keepalive_timeout 75 20; #lingering_time 30; #lingering_timeout 10; #reset_timedout_connection on; server listen ; server_name ; access_log /var/log/nginx.access_log main; location / proxy_pass /; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; client_body_temp_path /var/nginx/client_body_temp; proxy_connect_timeout 90; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_send_lowat 12000; proxy_buffer_size 4k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; proxy_temp_path /var/nginx/proxy_temp; charset koi8-r; error_page 404 /404.html; location /404.html root /spool/www; charset on; source_charset koi8-r; location /old_stuff/ rewrite /old_stuff/(.*)$ /new_stuff/$1 permanent; location /download/ valid_referers none blocked server_names *.; if ($invalid_referer) #rewrite / /; return 403; #rewrite_log on; # rewrite /download/*/mp3/*.any_ext to /download/*/mp3/*.mp3 rewrite /(download/.*)/mp3/(.*).*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break; root /spool/www; #autoindex on; access_log /var/log/nginx-download.access_log download; location * .+.(jpg|jpeg|gif)$ root /spool/www; access_log off; expires 30d; 起停脚本启动脚本DAEMON=/home/umallfrn/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginxCONFIGFILE=/home/umallfrn/nginx/nginx/conf/nginx.confecho Starting nginx$DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE | echo already running nginx停止Nginx服务kill -9 pidof nginx在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is okthe configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：ps -ef | grep nginx: master process | grep -v grep | awk -F print $2屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：6302这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：kill -HUP 6302或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：kill -HUP cat /usr/mpsp/mall/nginx/logs/nginx.pid日志切割脚本创建日志日切脚本# cat /usr/local/sbin/logcron.sh#!/bin/bashlog_dir=”/data/logs”time=date +%Y%m%d/bin/mv $log_dir/access_.log $log_dir/access_.$time.logkill -USR1 cat /var/run/nginx.pid编辑定时任务#contab -e59 23 * * * /usr/local/sbin/logcron.sh /dev/null 2&1控制台身份认证创建用户：Cd /usr/mpsp/mall/nginx/conf/Mkdir htpasswdhtpasswd -c /usr/mpsp/mall/nginx/conf/htpasswd jinlu jinlu #设置用户密码设定查看Nginx状态的地址location /NginxStatus stub_status on; access_log on; auth_basic NginxStatus; auth_basic_user_file htpasswd/jinlu;运行以下命令检测配置文件是否无误：/nginc -t如果没有报错，那么就可以开始运行Nginx了，执行以下命令即可：备注：conf/htpasswd 文件的内容用 apache 提供的 htpasswd 工具来产生即可，内容大致如下：查看 Nginx 运行状态输入地址 /NginxStatus/，输入验证帐号密码，即可看到类似如下内容：Active connections: 328server accepts handled requests9309 8982 28890Reading: 1 Writing: 3 Waiting: 324nginx系统变量列表 从英文版wiki站点摘抄，编写rewrite规则备查The module ngx_http_core_module supports the built-in variables, whose names correspond with the names of variables in Apache.First of all, these are the variables, which represent the lines of the title of the client request, for example,$http_user_agent,$http_cookieand so forth.Furthermore, there are other variables:$arg_PARAMETER, this variable contains the value of the GET request variablePARAMETERif present in the query string$args, this variable is equal to arguments in the line of request;$content_length, this variable is equal to line “Content-Length” in the header of request;$content_type, this variable is equal to line “Content-Type” in the header of request;$document_root, this variable is equal to the value of directive root for the current request;$document_uri, the same as$uri;$host, this variable is equal to line “Host” in the header of request or name of the server, to whom the request arrived, if there is no this line;$is_argsevaluates to “?” if $args is set, “” otherwise.$limit_rate, the variable allows to limit connection rate;$query_string, the same as$args;$request_method, this variable is equal to the method of request, usually this “GET” or “POST”;$remote_addr, this variable is equal to the address of client;$remote_port, this variable is equal to the port of client;$remote_user, this variable is equal to the name of user, authenticated by ngx_http_auth_basic_module;$request_filename, this variable is equal to path to the file for the current request, formed from directives root or alias and URI request;$request_body_file, client request body temporary filename;$request_uri, this variable is equal to the complete initial URI together with the arguments;$scheme, the HTTP scheme (http, https). Evaluated only on demand, for example:rewrite