Chapter4形容词和副词1.doc

Chapter 4 形容词和副词学习要点：弄清形容词和副词的概念并灵活使用形容词和副词的比较 词和最高级知识网络： 一、形容词和副词典的概念 形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词类。两者的主要区别之一就在于它们修饰对象的不同。形容词主要用来说明或修饰名词或代词，描述名词或代词所代表的人或事物的性质，增强或补充其含义，从而限制或缩小其使用的范围。副词的主要功能是修饰动词，形容词或其它副词，有时也可修饰全句。 （一）形容词的构成 1.本身即为形容词的词（如red, glad, nice) 2.由“名词 + y”构成 sun -sunny wind-windy fun-funny fog-foggy flower-flowery rain-rainy 3.由“名词 + ly”构成 friend-friendly soldier-soldierly 4.加后缀构成（如-able, -ent, -en, -al) advise-advisable comfort-comfortable nation-national gold-golden differ-different insist-insistent 5.复合形容词 warm-hearted 热心肠的 Well-educated 受过良好教育的 good-tempered 脾气好的 strongly-built 体格健康的 （二）形容词的位置1.单个形容词的位置 多数情况下防灾所修饰的名词前，既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词，既可单也可复，如： an interesting story a red coat a cup of hot water delicious food2. 其他情况 形容词由any,some,no,every构成的复合代词修饰时，一般只能后置 There is something with my radio. The king often speaks with somebody clever. 形容词enough修饰名词，即可前置，也可后置，如 enough food = food enough enough people = people enough形容词修饰代词时，形容词后置，如： I have something important to tell you.用或连接的形容词短语修饰名词，形容词短语后置，如 All people young and old are against the plan. 二、副词的分类 时间副词：now, then, often, early, never 地点副词：there, here, below, above 方式副词：well, slowly, hard, badly 程度副词：still, rather, hardly,much 关系副词：when, where, why 疑问副词：how, when, where, why 连接副词：when, where, why, whether 其他副词：also, not only, too 2.与形容词相同的副词，如 early, late, high, wide, deep等 由“形容词 + ly”构成的副词，如 slow-slowly quick-quickly brave-bravely clear-clearly exact-exactly rapid-rapidly perfect-perfect serious-seriously bad-badly3. 一些形容词本身即可做副词，而加ly之后也为副词，但意义不同，如： late 晚-lately 最近 close 亲密地-closely 严密地 deep 深-deeply 深深地 fair 公正的-fairly 公平的，相当地 hard 努力地-hardly 几乎不 like 像一样-likely 大概 high 高高地 -highly 高度地 wide 宽的-widely 广泛地4. 有些以-ly结尾的是形容词而不时副词 dead 死的-deadly 致命的 live 活的-lively 活泼的三 形容次、副词的级（原级，比较级和最高级） 1.单音节词和双音节词一般在词尾 + er 构成比较级，+ est构成最高级 hard-harder-hardest big-bigger-biggest happy-happier-happiest pretty-prettier-prettiest2. 多音节词在前面 + more构成比较级，+most 构成最高级 beautiful -more beautiful-most beautiful different-more different-most different important-more important-most important3. 以ly结尾的副词，除外early，比较级， 最高级均用more, most early-earlier-earliest slowly-more slowly-most slowly bravely-more bravely-most bravely quickly-more quickly-most quickly4. 不规则变法 good/well-better-best many/much-more-most little-less-least old-older/elder-oldest/eldest bad/ill/badly-worse-worst far-farther/further-farthest/further5. 句型两者相比（甲大于乙），用“比较级 + than ”表示 This room is bigger than that one.表“不如”，用less + 原级别 + than”结构 The book is less difficult than that one. The film is less interesting than that one.表“两者人/物之间，比较的”，用“the + 比较级 + n + of the + 名/代”结构 Bob is the taller of the two boys. She is the older of the two girls.不与其他事物相比，表本身程度的改变，用“比较级 + and+ 比较级”结构，译作“越来越” The weather is getting warmer and warmer. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.5.表一方随另一方程度变化时，用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级” The more you get,the father you will be. The more you study,the more you know.6. 用much, still, even, a lot, a bit等副词修饰形容词和副词的比较级，表程度放在比较级前 Its much warmer today. This problem is a lot more different than that one.7. 用比较级形式表达最高级含义 Tom is taller than any other student in our class. Tom is the tallest in our class. 8. one + of the +最高级，表最其中之一 China is one of the most beautiful countries in the world. 短文阅读 水果蔬菜百变秀 在美国俚语中，有一些常见的表达方式和水果蔬菜有关，一起来学习吧！ A apple : the Big Apple (New York) I live in the big tree. Cherry （樱桃） : bowl of cherries 精彩的，绝妙的 Life isnt always a bowl of cherries. Banana : top banana领袖大老板 John is the top banana in this company. Bean : bean brain 白池，笨蛋 He is such a bean brain. Not know beans about sth 一窍不通，对某事一无所知 Beet （甜菜） : beet red （因窘迫，羞愧等）脸红 She was so embarrassed that her face turned beet red. 课后练习 1.Is your stomachache getting_? No ,its worse. A better B bad C less D well 2.I think the shop isnt _at this time of day. A opening B open C closing D close 3.China is very _the Great Wall and pandes. A famous as B famous for C ready to D ready for 4.Welcome to our hotel.Its_in the city.A good B better C best D the best 5.The book is _. Most of the teachers are _in it. A interested, interested B interesting, interested C interesting, interesting D interested, interesting 6. They could not see_. A unusual anything B unusual something C something unusual D anything unusual7. It is _to work out this problem.You neednt go to the teacher. A enough easy B easily enough C easy enough D very easy 8. Which do you like _, apples or oranges?A best B good C well D better9. The nine-year-old boy swims _. A very well B very much C very good D a lot of10. The story is _interesting. A quite B quiet C quitely D quietly11. Look!The kite is _ .Can your kite fly_? A high, high B tall, tall C high, highly D highly, highly12. _does he stay at home? Twice a week. A How long B How far C How often D How反义词练习： 1.This question is easy to answer.That one is too_. 2.The windows are open,but the door is _.3. Her brother is rude,but she is very_.4. I think you are happy.In fact you are_.5. Dont be careless.We should be_.6. Be quick!Dont be too_.7. He isnt afraid of any animals.We say that he is a _man.8. We are in different teams,but they are in_room.9. Were very busy all day.And were never_from morning to night.10. Youre _if you stay at home.But if you go out, itll be dangerous.同义句改写：1. The door is too small.The horse cant go through it. The door is not _ _ for the horse to