八年级语文下册语法复习教案新人教版.doc

3eud教育网 百万教学资源，完全免费，无须注册，天天更新！初二英语下册复习备课Unit 1 第一课时英语动词可以分为四类：实义动词（或称行为动词）连系动词、情态动词以及助动词。一、 行为动词（它含有实在的意义（又叫实义动词），表示动作或状态，在句中可以单独作谓语）行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后面必须加宾语，意义才完整，不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语，常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语（look at (for, after), get to (on), hear of, hear from, point to (at), worry about, take care of ,play with, think about等）We study English very hard. She has a book in her hand. The sun rises in the east.注意行为动词的几种变化形式原形 enjoy第三人称单数enjoys过去式enjoyed现在分词enjoying二.连系动词（本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语）常见的连系动词有：be + adj. / n.是，在 become + n. /adj.变成turn + adj.变得 get + adj.变得grow + adj.长得keep + adj保持着feel + adj感到look + adj看上去seem + adj./n看起来好象smell + adj.闻起来fall asleep入睡 My parents are both farmers. The milk tastes terrible. The song sounds good.第二课时三.情态动词（本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话者的语气和情态，情态动词没有人称和数的变化）Can you sing the English song? Everyone must get to school on time.1.can:能，会 表示能力， 2.may:可以，可能，或许 may be 可能 请区别maybe副词 可能 3.must:必须，表示肯定的猜测 must be 准是，一定是4.could: 比can语气更委婉，客气，并不表示过去时。 5.must 表示说话人的主观看法，have to 表示外界客观愿望,不得不。如:Her mother is ill. She has to stay at home and take care of her. You must look after your clothes.7.should 表示应当，应该，与疑问词连用表意外，惊奇。What should I do? 我该怎么办呢？四、助动词（本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定，时态或其它语法形式）助动词有do, does, did, have, has, will, would等*动词不定式 形式：to +动词原形 特点： 1.无人称和数的变化。 2.在句中不能作谓语。 3.可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成不定式短语。1. 使役动词: let, make 感观动词: see, hear, watch, feel, notice之后必须使用省略to的动词不定式。如：Nothing could make him get angry.I often hear her sing in the morning.2.It 作形式主语，可用 to do 作真正的主语。 如:It took me half an hour to finish the work.Its bad for you to read in bed.Its very kind of you to help me. 记住一些特殊结构：Would like/love to do 想要做Why not do ? 为什么不做 Help sb.(to)do sth. 帮助某人做某事4)too.to do sth. 太.以致不能.(5)cant wait to do sth. 等不及做某事,迫不及待做某事 (6)stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来开始做某事Unit 2 第三课时动词的时态：（一）时态概述：作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态，英语中的时态，就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be, have（has）等，用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。 eg: He reads newspapers every day. He read the newspaper yesterday. He is going to read the newspaper tomorrow. （二）一般现在时： 1. 动词变化：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。在加词尾-s时要注意：情况加法例词一般情况加-sreads, writes, says以ch, sh, s, x, 或o收尾的词加-esteaches, washes, guesses, fixes, goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-estrytriescarrycarries读音：情况读法例词在ptkf等清辅音后shelps, hates, asks, laughs在sztd3等音后izfaces, rises, wishes, watches, urges在其他情况下zplans, cries, shows 2. 一般现在时主要表示： （1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用：always, often, usually, sometimes等eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客观、普遍真理eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth. 3. 一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do，does的方式构成。第三人称单数加does，其他加do，这时动词一概用原形；动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。 eg: Do you like English?Do they have story books? What does she do every evening? Is she at home? Are you good at English? 4. 一般现在时的否定式是do not（dont）或does not （doesnt）动词原形来构成的，be动词做谓语动词只需在be后加not构成否定。 eg:I dont like oranges at all. She doesnt work in the TV station. They arent students. Im not busy every weekend. 第四课时三. 现在进行时： 1. 动词变化：现在进行时由“am /is /are动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下： （1）一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。如：staystayingdodoing listenlisteningsuffersuffering workworkingspendspending looklooking （2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing。如：makemakingtaketaking givegivingrideriding pleasepleasingrefuserefusing closeclosingoperateoperating （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。如： putputtingsitsitting runrunningwinwinning beginbeginning 2. 现在进行时的用法 （1）表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，这时可以不用时间状语，也可以和now, at present, at the moment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词，如look（看），listen（听）。 eg: What are you reading now? Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. （2）表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 eg: They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. （3）表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，即可以用来代替将来时。 eg: When are you leaving? Are you going to Tibet tomorrow? 3. 现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。否定句在be（am, is, are）后面加not；疑问句把be动词移到主语前。 eg: I am not working. What are you reading now? How are you feeling today? The train isnt arriving soon.第五 课时Unit1 and unit 8can, could 1. 表达“能力”。 表示能力,有能、会、能够的意思。例如 Canyoudriveacar?We can use the computer now, but we couldnt two month ago.2. 表示“许可”。 You can go now. 3. 有礼帽地提出“请求”。（用于疑问句 Could you do , please? / Could I do , please? Could you , please? “请你好吗？”表示说话人的请求；Could I , please? “我可以吗？” 用来征求对方是否允许自己做某事。这两个常用句型中的could一词也可用can代替，但用could比用can语气更客气、更委婉，在句末加上please就显得更有礼貌。但是回答时，不能用could。Could you (please) clean your room ?Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning?第六七 课时Unit2 & unit9形容词 副词1) 形容词的作用形容词在句子中一般充当表语、定语和宾语补足语，如：Our school looks very beautiful. (表语)There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定语)Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (宾语补足语)2) 形容词的级别形容词有三种级别，即原级、比较级和最高级。当讨论的对象是一个时应使用原级，当讨论的对象是两个时应使用比较级，当讨论的对象在三个或更多时应使用最高级。在形容词原级后面加上er就成为比较级，在原级后加上est就成为最高级。 一般的单音节形容词直接加er或est，词尾是不发音字母e的只加r或st，重读闭音节应双写词尾辅音字母再加er或est，如：longlongerlongest，nicenicernicest，bigbiggerbiggest。以辅音字母加y为结尾的双音节形容词应将y改为i再加上er或est，如：earlyearlierearliest，dirtydirtierdirtiest，busybusierbusiest。多音节的形容词比较级应在前面加上more，最高级应在前面加上most， 如：mportantmore importantmost important，difficultmore difficultmost difficult。有些特殊的形容词有自己的变化规律， 如：good/wellbetterbest， bad/badlyworseworst，many/muchmoremost， littlelessleast，farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest。3)常见的使用情况1.as as 和.一样（中间用原级）2.not as(so) as 和.不一样（中间用原级）两个人或物比较时，如果只说明两者相同或不同，则可使用as.as.句型，否定句为not as (so).as.句型，这里形容词仍使用原级，如：Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown. Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown. 3比较级+ than . .比.（用比较级） 形容词的比较级句型应使用连词than或or，如：The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.上海的天气比北京的天气热.Which subject is more important, English or math? 4.最高级+比较范围 有范围修饰的用最高级 (in, of,或用从句修饰的)eg. Winter is the coldest season of the year. This is the best person that I know .形容词的最高级前应加上定冠词the，句型中应给出比较范围of或in后接名词，用来说明最高级的范围，其实也是比较对象；，其意义是某人、某事在某个范围内最 。使用这种结构时我们应该注意，形容词的最高级前面一般说来要加用定冠词the ，而副词的最高级前面的定冠词往往可以省略。例如：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流. The third truck carries the most books of all.第三辆卡车在所有的卡车中载书最多.He is the tallest of the three boys. That is the biggest lake in our province. Joe runs fastest in our school . This novel is the most interesting of the three. 在这三部小说中，这一部最有趣。 She is the tallest of the girls in our class. 她是我们班女孩中的最高个儿。4)注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。 2.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级。 3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one, that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。 eg: The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.(D)掌握三种同义句转换： 1.He is taller than the other students in his class.=He is the tallest (student)in his class.第八 课时填空 5. Who is _( heavy), Wang Lin or Lin Tao? 6. Which country is _( large) , China or Japan? 7. Mary has _( long) hair than Betty. 8. Its _( hot) in summer in Beijing than that in Dalian. 9. Miss Yang is _ ( calm) than Miss Li.10. You are _( athletic) than Jim. 11. Shewasnotas_tousasbefore.(friend) 12. Whichdoyoulike_,English,Chineseormaths?(well) 13. IsJimas_asPeter?No,Peteris_thanJim.(strong) 14. Theseskirtsaremuch_thanthoseones.(beautiful) 15. Thispieceofpaperis_thanthatone.(thin) 16. Whojumps_,sheorhe?(high) 17. Whoseappleis_ofthethree?(big) 18. Joneworkedvery_lastyearandthisyearsheworkseven_.(hard) 19. Itsmuch_todaythanyesterday.(hot) 20. Whodoes_inEnglish,LiYanorWuTong?(good) 22. Yourhandwritingis_thanmine.(bad) 23. Isthestory_onpage80?(interest) 24. Englishisoneof_languages.(useful) 25. Itdoesntmatterthistime.Butcome_nexttime.(early) 26. Theblueoneis_ofall.(cheap) 第九十 课时Unit3名词关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数，名词的格。单数-可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数，在元音发音开头的单词前用an，而不是a可数名词名词的根据数复数不可数名词1.复数的构成方法：(1)一般在复数名词后加s，如：dog-dogs。 (2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，如：watch-watches。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country-countries。 请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s如：monkey-monkeys。(4)以o结尾的名词，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)加es 构成复数。 (5)以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，如：knife-knives。2.单复数形式相同的词：sheep-sheep，fishfish, Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese3.特殊变化的单词有：(1)tooth-teeth，foot- feet(2)man-men，woman-women，(3)childchildren4.常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.5.有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)No news is good news.6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数。How many are there in your pencil-box? (knife)不可数名词：1.常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。 应特别记medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2.不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。 如：Some bread over there. (be)3.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of ,some, any等来修饰不可数名词。4.常用a piece of, a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义，bread仍为不可数名词，不加s，而piece则可加s。即：two pieces of bread请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示，如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples例： 1、These two pieces of bread are over there.(be) 2、Could I have three ,please？A. piece of bread B. .piece of breads C. pieces of bread D .pieces of breads名词的格名词所有格的构成方法，在名词后加“ s”。如：Tom Toms译为“的”，若遇上以s结尾的复数名词，则在s后加“ ”即可。如：Teachers Day , two weeks holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加s 。如：Childrens Day关于名词所有格，应掌握以下几点： 1.可用名词所有格表示地点。如：my aunts 我姑姑家。 go to the doctors 去医生家。2.表示两人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加s如：Lucy and Lilys 露西和莉莉的3.掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友第十 一-十二课时Unit 4-5一般过去时1用法：动词的一般过去时表示过去发生的动作（行为动词）或存在的状态（系动词），Did you have a party the other day？前几天，你们开了晚会了吗Lei Feng was a good soldier. 2它常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 last Saturday, in 1998, five years ago yesterday（昨天）、two days ago（两天前 ）、 last nightweekmonthyear（去年）、once upon a time（过去曾经）、 just now（刚才）、in the old days（过去的日子里）、before liberation（解放前）、 When I was 8 years old（当我八岁时）yesterdaymorning，thedaybeforeyesterday(前天)，3动词变化：一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态，在句中由主语动词的过去式来表达。构成规则原形过去式一般在动词末尾加-edworkplantplayworkedplantedplayed结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplan（计划）stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后t，元浊d，td之后读Id。 清辅音pkfsFtF等后，ed要读t。如：worked，finished。 元音或浊辅音bgvzm等后，ed要读d。如：lived，called。 t或d后，ed读Id。如：started，needed。 4动词be动词be的过去式有was和were两种形式。1) 肯定句 若主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was； 主语是第二人称或其它人称的复数时，谓语动词用were。如：He was in a bank a moment ago 刚才他在银行。 They were at home last night I was at school last Friday2)否定句 在was(were)之后加not即可变为否定句。 注意： was notwasnt were not werent 3) 一般疑问 把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即：Was, Were 主语 表语 其它？如：Were you busy last week 你们上周忙吗？Was she early this morning 她今天上午来得早吗？ 1. What day it yesterdayIt Sunday.2. Why the boy late for school this morningBecause he ill.3. they at home just now No, they .4. you in Dalian last month Yes, I .5. Who not here todayEveryone here, but Liu Mei and Rose not here yesterday.6. Mr. Green at the museum half an hour agoNo, he . 3行为动词的过去时：肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。 如：Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。 否定句结构为：主语+didnot(didnt)+动词原形+其它。 如：Hedidntgotothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天没去玩具店。 一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语动词原形其它 如：-DidyougotoBeijinglastweek? -Yes,wedid.(No,wedidnt.) 一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成： 疑问词did+主语动词原形其它 如：-Whatdidyoudolastnight? -Ididmyhomework. 第十三课时Unit 6现在进行时除表示现在外,还可表示将来,常有意图、安排或打算的含义。这种用法比较生动,给人一种期待感。它常表示最近或较近的将来,所使用的动词多是转移动词。如: Im going. 我就要走了。 Were leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天就去北京。 When are you starting? 你们什么时候动身? They are coming here this afternoon. 他们今天下午来这儿。 表示将来的现在进行时除用于转移动词外,也可用于某些非转移动词。 What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么? My mother is buying me a bike soon. 我妈妈不久将给我买一辆自行车。 Im meeting you after class. 课后我要找你。练一练！1. Betty _(leave) for Guangzhou by plane at 3 this afternoon. Her brother Bob _(see) her off. Its half past one now. They_ (wait) for a taxi outside the school gate.2. The Browns _ (go) to the North China by train next week. They _ (stay) in Beijing for a week. They _(go) to Xian. They _(get) there by air.3. Some friends_ (come) to Annes birthday party this evening. Annes mother _ (be) busy _ (get) ready for the birthday dinner. Anne _(help) her mother now. is leaving, is seeing, are waiting, are going, are staying, are going, are getting, are coming, is getting, is helping第十四-十五课时Unit 7一、用法：“be going to”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、安排要做的事。它是一般将来时的一种表达形式，其后常有表示将来的时间状语。如：tomorrow, next week等。例如：We are going to play football tomorrow. 明天我们将去踢足球。二、构成：be going to 动词原形。在be going to 结构中，be随主语人称和数的变化而变化，而going to 固定不变。例如：He is going to clean the classroom tomorrow. They are going to clean the classroom tomorrow.三、句式变化：be going to 结构的句式变化都可在be上完成。变疑问句时，将be提至主语之前；变否定句在be后加not。例如：They are not going to have a picnic next week. 下星期他们将不去野餐。Are they going to have a picnic next week? What are they going to do next week?四、“be going to +动词原形”的用法。1. 表示主语打算、安排在最近或将来要做某事或出现的某种状态。这种主观意图，一般已做过事先安排，故其实现的可能性较大，其主语常是人。例如：We are going to swim next Sunday. 下星期天我们打算去游泳。（已打算好下星期天去游泳）2. 表示根据现有情况、某种迹象，判断将要或即将发生的动作。此时不含有主观意图，只是表示说话人对客观事态发展的判断或推测，此时主语可以是人，也可以是物。例如：Look! It”s going to rain. 看！天要下雨了。（可能根据天气闷热、雷声隆隆等迹象判断天要下雨）I”m not feeling well, I”m going to be ill. 我感觉不是很好，可能要生病了。（仅表示说话人的一种感觉而已）3. 若“be going to +动词原形”这一结构中的动词是go时，此时动词go可以省去。例如：They are going to （go to ）the park next Friday. 下星期五他们打算去公园。 练习：1.JackandWeiFangaregoingtodosomeshoppingnextTuesday.(变成否定句) 2.ImgoingtoseemyteacheronTeachersDay.(变成一般疑问句，并作肯定回答) 3.Theyaregoingtocarrythesebagstothebusstop.(对划线部分提问) 4.LiMingisgoingtherethedayaftertomorrow.(对划线部分提问) 5.are,to,going,next,week,they,do,what?（连词成句） 6.Im,going,walk,fast,not,too,to.(连词成句) 补全对语。 A:(1)_? B:Imgoingtobuyapresent(礼物). A:(2)_? B:ImgoingtogiveittomyEnglishteacher. A:(3)_? B:Imgoingtobuyacard. A:(4)_? B:Imgoingtobuyitintheshopoverthere. A:Areyougoingtherealone(独自一人)? B:No.(5)_. 根据汉语完成句子。 1.孩子们要徒步登上山项。 2.下周我们打算去钓鱼。 3.我很累，打算休息一会儿。 5.王叔叔正在修自行车。他打算后天骑车去长城。 UncleWangisrepairinghisbike.Hes_theGreatWallbybike_. 第十六课时unit10 反意疑问句反意疑问句是由两部分组成的，前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开。如果前一部分用肯定句，后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句，后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用yes或no来表示。He speaks English, doesnt he?Mary wont do it, will she? Lies cannot cover up the facts, can they?回答反意疑问句和回答一般疑问句一样,肯定回答用Yes, +肯定结构;否定回答用No, +否定结构。这与汉语习惯有所不同。例如:-Hes a doctor, isnt he?他是医生,对吧?-Yes, he is.对,他是医生。(No, he isnt.不,他不是医生。)一、含be(is, are, was, were)动词的反意疑问句 You are from America, arent you? Yes, I am. No, Im not. It isnt very cold today, is it? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. Tom was away yesterday, wasnt he? Yes, he was. No, he wasnt. 注意：There be句型 There is an old picture on the wall, isnt there? 二、行为动词的一般现在时的反意疑问句 You often watch TV in the evening, dont you? Yes, I do. No, I dont. The students dont study hard, do they? Yes, they do. No, they dont. Mary studies Chinese hard, doesnt she? Yes, she does. No, she doesnt.三、 行为动词的一般过去时的反意疑问句 You watched TV last night, didnt you? Yes, I did. No, I didnt. Jims parents didnt go to Hong Kong last month, did they? Yes, they did. No, they didnt. The rain stopped, didnt it? Yes, it did. No, it didnt.四、含有情态动词的反意疑问句 You can speak French, cant you? Yes, I can. No, I cant 2 Ann could swim when she was six, couldnt she? Yes, she could. No, she couldnt. 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not），而是用上了“never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody”等词，这时该陈述句也属于否定句，因此，反意疑问句的后半部分应用肯定疑问式。 You are never late for school, are you? Yes, I am No, I am not Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.第十七-十八课时【模拟试题】一. 改错： 例1：The rose dark red. The rose is dark red. 1. He very likes swimming. 2. He can helps you. 3. We havent a good time. 4. What are you do after school every day? 5. Sometimes I listen music. sometimes I play outside. 6. The fish smells not good. 7. We should buy some chicken. There are little left. 8. There have many birds in the sky. 9. My mothers glasses