职称英语综合新增内容.doc

2013年职称英语教材综合类新增文章内容第二部分 阅读判断第一篇Taking Pictures of the World Meet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978，and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasnt seen yet. Belts photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently，her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America. Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language. “The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peopled lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by1 how quickly people welcome me!” Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people dont speak the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of children or their parents，they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together. Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that cant afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If youre a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers. Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, dont be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be very rewarding. 词汇： landscape n.风景，风景画 rewarding adj.值得的，有益的，有报酬的 privilege n.特权，优惠 nationality n 国籍，民族 think about 考虑 overwhelm vt. 征服;使受不了，使不知所措 注释： 1. I am often overwhelmed by . 我常常被搞得不知所措。 2. Having something in common can also help break the ice.彼此的共同点也有助于打开话题。练习： 1. Belt has never traveled to England. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2. Belt has never traveled to Antarctica. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3. Belt has worked for a number of magazines. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. Petra is a very old city in Jordan. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 5. Belt can only connect with English-speakers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. People can connect with each other in bad weather. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7. Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案与题解： 1. B在第二段第三行，作者提到贝尔特曾经为英格兰湖区的美景拍过照片，那她 自然就去过英格兰。因此，这一题题干的表述（贝尔特从没去过英格兰）明显是 错误的。 2. A第一段第三行说到南极洲是贝尔特唯一没亲眼见过的大洲，那么她必然没去 过南极洲。 所以这一题题干的表述（贝尔特从没去过南极洲）是正确的。 3. C第一段第一行提到贝尔特从1978年就开始为国家地理杂志工作，但是并 无其他信息， 所以我们无从得知在1978年之前， 贝尔特是否还为其他杂志工作过。 所以我们既没法说贝尔特只为国家地理一家杂志工作过，也没法说贝尔特在 很多家杂志工作过。因而,我们无法在文中找到这一题题干所表述的信息（贝尔 特在很多家杂志工作过），答案只能是C。 4. A在第二段第二行，作者提到贝尔特曾经在约旦的古城佩特拉进行过拍摄，这 迎合题干的表述(佩特拉是一座古老的约旦城市）。所以答案为A。 5. B在第三段第一行第二句话，作者提到：在语言不通的情况下，贝尔特找到了 和不同年龄、不同民族的人沟通的方法。而题干中的表述(贝亦特只能和会说英 语的人沟通)和文中的信息完全不符，所以答案为B。 6. A在第四段第七行，作者提到：一起体验坏天气可以帮助人们增进相互间的交 流。这和题干的表述(人们在坏天气下可以相互沟通)基本一致，所以答案为A。 7. A第五段第一行提到贝尔特为希望从事摄影行业的人提供了一些建议：当个志 愿者为没钱请专业摄影师的地方机构拍摄照片。 这和题干的表述 （做一名志愿者 是开始摄影生涯的一种方式)基本吻合，所以答案为A。参考译文：镜头中的世界让我们来认识摄影师艾妮格里菲斯贝尔特。贝尔特从1978年以来就一直在为 国家地理杂志拍摄照片，她的拍摄足迹几乎遍布世界上的所有大洲。事实上，南极洲是贝尔特唯一没亲眼见过的大洲。贝尔特的拍摄作品因美轮美奂和质量上乘而广为人知，它们也反映了世界上不同的文化和地区。贝尔特曾经为约旦古城佩特拉和英格兰湖区的美景拍过照片。最近，在一本介绍北美未开发的自然区域的书中出现了她的摄影作品。 无论去哪里，贝尔特都在所到之处拍下人物照片。贝尔特已经找到在语言不通的情况下和不同年龄、不同民族的人进行沟通的方法。“我的工作的最大优势就是可以走进人们的生活，”她说，“照相机就像通行证一样，而且我常常由于人们迅速地接纳我而被搞得手足无措!” 知道如何打开话题帮助贝尔特成为了一名成功的摄影师，但是专家们声称任何人都能学会如何同陌生人打交道。当语言相通时，打招呼和相互寒暄能使陌生人之间感到更舒适。当语言不通时，微笑就会变得很有用。彼此的共同点也有助于打开话题。比如，贝尔特常和她的两个孩子一起旅行，所以当她为孩子们或孩子们的父母拍照时，他们就有了相同之处：家庭联系。甚至一起体验坏天气也可以帮助人们增进相互间的交流。 如果你正在考虑从事摄影行业，贝尔特对此有一些建议。你可以当个志愿者为没钱请专业摄影师的地方机构拍摄照片。你也可以用诚实的态度仔细端详自己最好的摄影作品。如果你是一位真正的摄影师，你的作品会因为你的个人特色和精湛的技艺而变得出类拔萃。贝尔特也推荐向专业摄影师的作品学习。 记住，当你下一次看到漂亮的照片时，也许你看的正是艾妮格里菲斯贝尔特的作品。 当你下一次遇见陌生人时，不要害怕打开话题。你为沟通所做的一切都是非常值得的。第十二篇Starting a New TraditionShantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of corn for Shantelle and her two brothers.This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together, Shantelle says. Thats the most important thing for a family.Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every year from December 26 until January 1. Its a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa. Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to honor they culture and traditions. So he used words and customs from Africa to create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for first fruits in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in schools and public places, and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica. The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents: being together, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal, creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died, On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food , and children receive small presents. Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people dont believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday, because its so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing and that Kwanzaa shows what is important in peoples lives. Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because its fun. But I also learn new things every year， she says.词汇：Ancestor n. 祖宗，祖先 be decorated with 由所装饰Honor vt. 尊敬，使荣幸；n. 荣誉，尊敬 ears of corn 玉米穗Candleholder n. 烛台注释：1. Its a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa. 这段时间里他们和家人聚在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。2. shows what is important in peoples lives. 展现了人们生活中重要的东西。练习： 1. Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2. Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 3. Kwanzaa is a very old holiday. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. People in Africa celebrate Kwanzaa. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 5. People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7. Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案与题解： 1. A在第三段第二行我们可以发现：超过500万的非洲裔美国人每年从12月26日到1月1日庆祝宽扎节。所以题干的表述(人们在年底庆祝宽扎节)是正确的,答案为A。 2. A从第四段前四行所述的内容中我们可以发现：为了向自己的文化和传统致敬,1966年美国人马拉那卡林加为非洲裔美国人创立了宽扎节。因此，题干的表述(宽扎节是为非洲裔 美国人创立的节日）是正确的，答案为A。 3. B在第二题中我们知道宽扎节创立于1966年，并且文中第六段第三行也提到：一些人认为宽扎节的历史并不久远。所以，从以上两点我们可以得出结论：题干的表述（宽扎节的历史非常悠久)是错误的,答案为B。 4. C从整篇文章中我们知道宽扎节最初是为非洲裔美国人创立的，之后宽扎节的传统又流传到诸如加拿大、牙买加等其他国家(这一信息可以从第四段最后一行得到）。但是文中并未提及非洲人民是否也庆祝宽扎节，因此这一题的题干信息（非洲人民庆祝宽扎节）并没在文中给出答案为C。 5. A在段最后两行中，作者提到：这段时间里非洲裔美国人和家人待在一起緬怀历史和非洲的祖先。所以题干中的表述 (宽扎节期间人民花很多时间和家人待在一起）是正确的， 答案为A。 6. A在第五段最后两行中，作者提到：在宽扎节的最后一夜会有一顿非洲风味的大餐,并且孩子们会收到小礼物。所以，题干的表述(孩子们在宽扎节即将结束时收到礼物)是正确的，答案为A。 7. B在第六段第二行末尾，作者提到：由于宽扎节的历史并不久远，一些人认为它并不是一个真正的节日。从这里我们可以看出题干的表述(每个人都认为宽扎节是一个重要的节日）不正确，故答案为B。参考答案：开始新的传统珊特尔戴维斯是一位九岁的纽约小女孩。12月的一个寒夜，珊特尔戴维斯的家人都围站在餐桌边看着她点亮一支蜡烛。水果蔬菜篮子和玉米穗装饰着这个餐桌，这些都是给珊特尔和她的两个兄弟的。 “这支蜡烛代表umoja，在非洲这个词意味着在一起，”珊特尔说，“这是家庭中最重要的事。”今晚是宽扎节的第一个晚上，珊特尔正和她的家人待在一起。超过500万的非洲裔美国人每年从12月26日到1月1日庆祝宽扎节。这段时间里他们和家人聚在一起缅怀他们的历史和非洲的祖先。 宽扎节非常独特，因为它是由一个人创立的。在1966年，一个名叫马拉那卡林加的美 国人想要为非洲裔美国人创立一个节日来向他们的文化和传统致敬。因此他利用非洲的语言和习俗来创造一个新的传统。他将节日命名为宽扎节，这个词来源于非洲语言斯瓦西里语；在斯瓦西里语中，宽扎节的意思是“最初的果实。” 一开始，只有少数一些美国家庭在家进行小规模庆祝。现如今学校和公共场所也有宽扎节的庆祝活动。并且宽扎节巳经流传到诸如加拿大、牙买加等其他国家。 一个放着七支蜡烛的烛台是宽扎节的主要标志，每支蜡烛代表宽扎节一个信条。每天晚上都会由一个家庭成员点亮一支蜡烛，并谈论这支蜡烛所代表的信条：在一起，做自己，互帮互助，懂得分享，拥有目标，有创造性和有信仰。这些蜡烛有红的、黑的和绿的，这是宽扎节的颜色。父母们也为逝去的家庭成员斟上喝的以此来纪念他们。在宽扎节的最后一夜会有一顿非洲风味的大餐，并且孩子们会收到小礼物。 现如今人们能买到宽扎节的贺卡和特制的宽扎节的衣服。商店里销售宽扎节的蜡烛和烛台。由于宽扎节的历史并不久远，一些人认为它并不是一个真正的节日；但是也有人说习俗和庆祝仪式总在发生变化，宽扎节向我们展现了人们生活中重要的东西。 珊特尔戴维斯说她喜欢宽扎节，因为它很有趣。“但是每年我也会学到新的东西，”她谈道。第三部分 概括大意与完成句子第五篇US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty 1. The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world1. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.2. The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly, including the United States, last year. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies2.3. For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warning on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack3. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.4. The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.5. The treaty must be ratified by at least 40countries before it can take effect. So far, 109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.词汇：Ratify vt. 批准；认可 Advertising n. 做广告，登广告Enact vt. 使（法案等）成为法律；通过（法案等）；颁布（法令等） Prohibit v. 禁止；不准Outright adj. 完全的，彻地的 cessation n. 停止，休止注释：1. The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. 美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步。该协议有望在世界范围内控制使用烟草所产生的致命性影响。2. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies. 批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。3. For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warning on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. 例如，在那些国家出售的香烟将必须在每包烟正反面至少30%的地方注明吸烟有害健康的警告。练习：1. Paragraph 1 2. Paragraph 2 3. Paragraph 3 4. Paragraph 4 A. What the FCTC DemandsB US Signing of the FCTCC Opposition to the FCTCD How the FCTC Came into BeingE What the FCTC Will Bring aboutF Ratification of the FCTC5. Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward 6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things 7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths 8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that A have ratified itB approving itC implement its provisionsD restrict smoking in public placesE caused by tobacco useF including higher tobacco taxed第八篇How We Form First Impression 此文章与第六篇文章相同！第四部分：阅读理解第三篇 Shark attack!Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. he looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.I could have touched its eye with my elbow,says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadnt heard a thing. In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the sharks teeth1. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below. Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark.2 Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.The most common explanation is that great whites dont see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal. ”They spit us out because were too bony,” says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research. Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. Its possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.词汇：scan vt.审视，细看，浏览 seal英si:l n. 海豹 Elbow n. 肘，肘部 reef n.礁，暗礁 Surface n. 表面 外表，vi. 浮出水面 quest n.搜索，寻求，追求 Drown vi.淹死，溺死 mistake for 错认为，误认为注释：1. cut two of his fingers on the sharks teeth. 被鲨鱼咬掉了两根手指。2. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. 比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。练习： 1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark_. A) bit his surfboardB) bit his fingers C) swam away D) attacked him 2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites_. A) often let humans escape B) kill humans C) have so many teeth D) grow to six meters or more 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4? A) create. B) are. C) increase. D) depend upon. 4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means_. A) peoples B) great whites C) sea lions D) seals 5. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly. B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet. C) We now know great whites dont mistake humans for other animals. D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans. 答案与题解： 1. C选项A(鲨鱼咬冲浪板)和B(鲨鱼咬他的手指)两个选项发生在Craig落水之前，故排除这两项。从第二段第三行可以得到如下信息：当Craig落入水中，手指上的鲜血在水中散开之时，这条五米长的鲨鱼却自己游走了。此信息排除了选项D(鲨鱼攻击他），因此答案为C (鲨鱼自己游走了）。 2. A从第二段第一行我们可以看出：鲨鱼被人类视为杀手，这是一条常识，很容易理解，因此选项B(杀人)被排除。而选项C(有很多牙）和D(长到六米长或是更长）只是对鲨鱼的简单描述，也属于常识;而且文中并未出现对它们的质疑，说明作者也默认了这两条常识。因此选项C和D也被排除。所以答案是A(常常让人类逃脱），这在文中第三段得到了验证， 第三段整段就是在说虽然鲨鱼可以轻松杀死人类，但是它们却很少杀人。第三段最后两行甚至提到就连鲨鱼研究者们都在尽力寻找人类屡屡能鲨口逃生的原因，这就更能证明选项 A是正确答案。 3. B本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的词组make up的意思。 结合make up词组前出现的单词seal和sea lion以及它后面出现的词组a large part of their diet,通过常识我们可以猜出：海豹和海狮应该是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。比对四个选项，我们可以发现选项A(创造）、选项C(增加）和选项D(依靠）在意思上都说不通，代入原文无法构成有意义的一句话。因此只有选项B(是）在意思上和make up最为接近，代入原文也说得通。在本文中，词组make up的意思为：组成，构成。 4. B本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的单词their的意思。结合第四段前两行的内容，我们可以很容易推测出，在这里their指代的是the great whites(大白鲨），因此答案为B。 5. C本题要求读者总结出第四段的主要内容。第四段主要介绍的是：人们起初以大白鲨视力不好为由来解释人类为何屡屡鲨口脱险，但是最近的信息表明大白鲨的视力并不差，不会把人类误认为是海豹或海獅。大白鲨不吃人是由于它们觉得人类太瘦，没有海獅和海豹的肉那么肥。对比四个选项：选项A略显片面，不是本段的主要内容，故排除。选项B中提到大白鲨也把人类当作食物来源，这点是错误的，故排除B。选项D中说的是人们开始怀疑这一论断的正确性，但是选项D的表述和文中的信息正好相反;人们现在开始怀疑的是“大白鲨 由于视力不好才去攻击人类”这一论断，而不是“大白鲨由于视力很好才去攻击人类”，故排除D。所以正确答案为C(我们现在知道大白鲨不会把人类误以为是其他动物）。 参考译文： 小心鲨鱼！克雷格罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。 克雷格惊慌害怕