初中英语词汇搭配.doc

初中英语词汇搭配1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with 同一道，伴随 eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for 求助 向要（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of 的起初；的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够 eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth ) 恐惧，害怕 eg : Im afraed to go out at night Im afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: Im allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Dont be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as原级as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原） 将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像 eg : Im like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气 50 be made from 由制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表*的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : Hes strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im sure of my head (my teacher ) 我相信我的大脑（老师） 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: Im suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事 eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早起 He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉 He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他习惯努力工作 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 startwith=beginwith 以什么开始什么 eg : Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 betweenand 两者之间 79 borrow sth from sb 向借 lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给什么东西 ) eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen ) 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同 81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 Hes bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 关心 eg : Dont you care about this countrys future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地 87 come in 进来 88 come over to 过来 89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？ 92 dance to 随着跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞 93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在方面做得更好 96 do wrong 做错 97 Dont forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Dont mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意 99 each +名（单）每一个 eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing 喜欢 102 escape from 从逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些气体从管子里冒出 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么 106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样？ eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词） 110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Dont forget to go home I forget closing door 112 fromto 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做 eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了） Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了） 114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备 eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦 119 get sb to do sth 120 getfrom 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的） go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事 129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈 131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to ( 地方）去过某过地方 have gone to （地方） 去了某地还没回来 133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做 eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做 135 have to do sth 必须做某事 136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦 137 havetime +doing 138 have(时间)off 放假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot 很大用处 141 help sb with sth ones sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth 希望做某事 143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 145 if : 是否wether eg: I dont know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会 He dont know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达 146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）条件语态从句 eg: Ill go to LuZhou if it doest rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州 If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的 Ill go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国 147 in ones opinion = sb think 某人认为 148 in some ways 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后 150 in the north of 什么在什么的北方（一）被动语态 动词的语态主要分为两种：主动语态与被动语态主动语态指主语是谓语功作的执行者，。者为主动关系。被动语态指主语是谓语动作的承受者，。者为被功关系。 I have done the job.（主动句） The job has been done.（被动句） 1被动语态根据时态的不同，可分为以下几种类型： 一般现在时：am/is/are+done; 一般过去时：was/were+done 现在进行时：am/is/are+being done 过去进行时：was/were+being done 将来时 ：will/would+be done,be going to be done, be to be done 现在完成时：have/has +been done 过去完成时：had+been done 将来完成时：will+have been done 2被动语态门主功语态一样具有不同时态，其时态的变化取决于时间状语，其时态的变化形式由其助动词be的事态变化形式来体现 The house is being painted now.（现在进行时被动语态） Eru0ugh has been said to him about it.（现在完成时被动语态） The furniture was bought last week.（过去时被动语态） Youll be punished one day.（将来时被动语态） 3被动语态的意义 （1）不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者（无须加buy短语） Colour TV sets are sold in that shop. Football is plated all over the world. (2)突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。 History is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people. (3)有时主语较长，可后置。 Its said that we have won the game. 4在使役动词makr及感官动词see ，hear.等动词的被动语态形式后面出现的作主语补足语的不定式须加不定式符号“to The teacher made Tom answer it again.（主动语态，不加“to ) Tom was made to answer it again.（被动语态，加“to ) 5.短语动词的被动语态要注意不可丢失其附加的介词、副词或短语。 look at，laugh at，send for，call on，carry out， listen to，take care of ,make use of,depend on，pay attention to，hand in，put on，look up，give up等. 6. be过去分词可以是被动语态形式，也可以是系表结构形式。区别是，系表结构表示主语状态或特征，不带by短语；而被动语态是表示主语的一个被动动作，可以带by短语。 The job was well done.（系表结构） The job was well done by a skilled worker.（被动语态） The composition is well written.（系表结构） The composition is written with great care;.（被动语态） 7原来主动语态中的宾语如果是从句，变为被动语态时，要用形式主语it. It has been known to him that many friends will come to see him. It is said that this book has been translated into several languages. 8有一些动词不能用被动语态。 break out，take place，happen，belong to，cost，suit，fit，have，let, wear, weigh. suffer, pass, kill the time, enter, last, meet（遇见），join（参加），fail等 9宾语为反身代词时，不用被动语态，只用主动语态形式。 The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 10有些动词或情态动词常用所接的不定式来表示被动意义。 如：happen，pretend，seem，used to，ought to，appear等。 The house used to be painted white. The job has to be done before dark. On the way we happened to be caught in the rain. 11有些动名词在want, need, require和介词worth后形式为主动，意义为被动。 12有些动词用主动形式来表示被动意义。如：clean, sell,look，lock，open，write，read，wash,feel等。 This kind of cloth washes easily. These books sell well.（好卖） The door doesnt lock. The door cant open. This pen writes very well. 13除助动词be可以构成被动语态外，get, become等词也可以过去分词构成被动意义。 She was unhappy because she didnt get invited to the party.主要句型句式一、初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述旬、疑问旬、祈使旬和感叹句。 陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分其中可以分为以下五种： 主语+不及物动词如：I arrived at six last night( 主语+及物动词+宾语如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed这样可加双宾语的句子有buy，give，ask，pass，teach( 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy 主语+系动词+表语如：Tom is an American boyIII grass turned green in spring 二、在初中常见的句型中有There be.句型，表示存在某种事物。 如：There is a map on the wal1其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后也要保持be动词不要换用have。如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow 三、在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。 要注意的有如下几点： 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式如：A singer and dancer is coming to our partyA singer and dancer既歌唱又可舞的演员 而a singer and a dancer则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。 有些以S结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数。如：The news is goodnew$为不可数名词1 有些形单却意为复数的名词。如：People are coming here这样的词还有Police，如果要讲一个警察时应讲a policeman两个警察为two policemen。 所有不定代词each，either，neither，one，the other。nobody，nothing，anyone，anything，someone，8omething 要作为单数如：Someone is waiting for 四、并列旬中要注意： 表示联合关系的连词有：and，not only. but also，neither. nor, either. or如：My sister an d my parents are going to the cinema 表示转折关系的并列连词有：but和yet，如：She is a god student，but she didnt pass the final examI think the news is strangeyet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有：or，either. or，如：Hurry up，or you will be late for scho1 表示因果关系的并列连词有：for，sO， 如：-Ive studied very hard，SO they all passed the exam五、在初中范围复合旬中主要有状语从旬和宾语从旬f名词性从旬)两种。 (一)宾语从句： 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语。如：I knew the mal1而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语如：I knew that he was a good man这时宾语从句的连接词有thatthat只在从句中起连接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如：I ain sure(that)she has passed the exam if whether它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有or not结构时要用whether。如：I ask him if (whether)he has had his lunch 在连接词中还有四个常用的连接副词： how它的应用最广，如：how much，how many, how long, how son，how old. 如：How much does it cost? when它只是连接时间状语，如：PIease tell me when the meeting wil begin where它连接地点状语如：Where are you from? why它要连接的是原因状语从句如：The teacher asked why Tom didnt come to schoo1在考试中常见到的考点是： 宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态如：I know he didnt come我知道他没来 I know he will come tomorrow我知道他明天来 I know he has gone to London我知道他已去伦敦了。 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如：一般过去时，过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。如：1wantedtoknowwhenhewouldcomeThe teacher told me the earth moves around the sun (二)状语从句 1时间状语从句： 其连接词有：before，when，as，as soon as，until(til1)，while，since，by since引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间。如：I have studied English since 1990由bv引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间。如：I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term而before则多用于完成时，ago则多用于一般过去时，如：He had finished his work before twelve yesterdayI left my hometown two years ago 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时从句用一般现在时。如：If it rains。they wont go to the park on Sunday也可以主句是一般过去时从句用一般过去进行时。如：He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 2原因状语从句： (because应译为“因为”。它表达的因果关系最强。如：He didnt pass the exam because he didnt study hard since应译为“既然”，如：Since you were ill yesterday，I left some notes on your desk as应译为“由于”如：As it is too hot wed better go swimmingsince与as所表达的因果关系远比because弱得多 而f0r表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首如：He studies hardfor he wants to go to college 3比较状语从句： 有同级比较as. as如：This book is as good as that 0ne 要注意的有两点： as.as中间要用原级而不是比较级。 用形容词还是副词，如：Mary writes as carefully as ToIn而其否定句为not as fso1. as如：They didnt work so hard as we did而不同级比较用比较级加than。如：He is younger than I am要注意的是表示“越来越”这一概念时有两个句型： 比较级+and+比较级。如：The days are getting longer and longerThe little girl is becoming more and more beautifu1 定冠词the+比较级+the+比较级。如：The harder you studythe more you can learn 4方式状语中要注意的是： as(连词)与like(介词)的区别：as作为连词其后接从句如：Please do it as I did it但后面的句子常作省略如：Please do it as I而like是介词其后要接的是宾语。如：Please do it like me 5结果和目的状语从句主要有： so.that。so thatin order that等几种用法： so.that用在单数可数名词前。so+形容词+a+ 名词+ that. 如：She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her或用such+a+形容词+名词+that. 如：She is such